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bubblechart.py
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import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
class BubbleChart:
def __init__(self, area, bubble_spacing=0):
"""
Setup for bubble collapse.
Parameters
----------
area : array-like
Area of the bubbles.
bubble_spacing : float, default: 0
Minimal spacing between bubbles after collapsing.
Notes
-----
If "area" is sorted, the results might look weird.
"""
area = np.asarray(area)
r = np.sqrt(area / np.pi)
self.bubble_spacing = bubble_spacing
self.bubbles = np.ones((len(area), 4))
self.bubbles[:, 2] = r
self.bubbles[:, 3] = area
self.maxstep = 2 * self.bubbles[:, 2].max() + self.bubble_spacing
self.step_dist = self.maxstep / 2
# calculate initial grid layout for bubbles
length = np.ceil(np.sqrt(len(self.bubbles)))
grid = np.arange(length) * self.maxstep
gx, gy = np.meshgrid(grid, grid)
self.bubbles[:, 0] = gx.flatten()[:len(self.bubbles)]
self.bubbles[:, 1] = gy.flatten()[:len(self.bubbles)]
self.com = self.center_of_mass()
def center_of_mass(self):
return np.average(
self.bubbles[:, :2], axis=0, weights=self.bubbles[:, 3]
)
def center_distance(self, bubble, bubbles):
return np.hypot(bubble[0] - bubbles[:, 0],
bubble[1] - bubbles[:, 1])
def outline_distance(self, bubble, bubbles):
center_distance = self.center_distance(bubble, bubbles)
return center_distance - bubble[2] - \
bubbles[:, 2] - self.bubble_spacing
def check_collisions(self, bubble, bubbles):
distance = self.outline_distance(bubble, bubbles)
return len(distance[distance < 0])
def collides_with(self, bubble, bubbles):
distance = self.outline_distance(bubble, bubbles)
idx_min = np.argmin(distance)
return idx_min if type(idx_min) == np.ndarray else [idx_min]
def collapse(self, n_iterations=50):
"""
Move bubbles to the center of mass.
Parameters
----------
n_iterations : int, default: 50
Number of moves to perform.
"""
for _i in range(n_iterations):
moves = 0
for i in range(len(self.bubbles)):
rest_bub = np.delete(self.bubbles, i, 0)
# try to move directly towards the center of mass
# direction vector from bubble to the center of mass
dir_vec = self.com - self.bubbles[i, :2]
# shorten direction vector to have length of 1
dir_vec = dir_vec / np.sqrt(dir_vec.dot(dir_vec))
# calculate new bubble position
new_point = self.bubbles[i, :2] + dir_vec * self.step_dist
new_bubble = np.append(new_point, self.bubbles[i, 2:4])
# check whether new bubble collides with other bubbles
if not self.check_collisions(new_bubble, rest_bub):
self.bubbles[i, :] = new_bubble
self.com = self.center_of_mass()
moves += 1
else:
# try to move around a bubble that you collide with
# find colliding bubble
for colliding in self.collides_with(new_bubble, rest_bub):
# calculate direction vector
dir_vec = rest_bub[colliding, :2] - self.bubbles[i, :2]
dir_vec = dir_vec / np.sqrt(dir_vec.dot(dir_vec))
# calculate orthogonal vector
orth = np.array([dir_vec[1], -dir_vec[0]])
# test which direction to go
new_point1 = (self.bubbles[i, :2] + orth *
self.step_dist)
new_point2 = (self.bubbles[i, :2] - orth *
self.step_dist)
dist1 = self.center_distance(
self.com, np.array([new_point1]))
dist2 = self.center_distance(
self.com, np.array([new_point2]))
new_point = new_point1 if dist1 < dist2 else new_point2
new_bubble = np.append(new_point, self.bubbles[i, 2:4])
if not self.check_collisions(new_bubble, rest_bub):
self.bubbles[i, :] = new_bubble
self.com = self.center_of_mass()
if moves / len(self.bubbles) < 0.1:
self.step_dist = self.step_dist / 2
def plot(self, ax, ids, icons, colors):
bubble_coords = []
"""
Draw the bubble plot.
Parameters
----------
ax : matplotlib.axes.Axes
labels : list
Labels of the bubbles.
colors : list
Colors of the bubbles.
"""
for i in range(len(self.bubbles)):
network = ids[i]
circ = plt.Circle(self.bubbles[i, :2], self.bubbles[i, 2], color=colors[i])
circ1 = plt.Circle(self.bubbles[i, :2], self.bubbles[i, 2]/2, color=colors[i])
gwe = circ1.get_extents()
boxx0, boxx1, boxy0, boxy1 = abs(gwe.x0), abs(gwe.x1), gwe.y0, gwe.y1
ax.add_patch(circ)
im = plt.imread(icons[i])
ydiff = abs(abs(boxy1) - abs(boxy0))
if ydiff > 0:
ydiff = abs(boxy1) - abs(boxy0)
if boxy0 > 0:
boxy0 = boxy0 + (ydiff/4)
else:
boxy0 = boxy0 - (ydiff/4)
if boxy1 > 0:
boxy1 = boxy1 - (ydiff/4)
else:
boxy1 = boxy1 + (ydiff/4)
rad = self.bubbles[i, 2]
plt.imshow(im, extent=[boxx0, boxx1, boxy0, boxy1], zorder=1)
bubble_coords.append([*self.bubbles[i, :2], (1000*4**rad), network])
return bubble_coords