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Author: garyexplains

rp2350/nqueens_rp2350.c

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+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+
+#define boardSize 15
+#define MAXN 31
+
+int nqueens(int n)
+{
+    int q0, q1;
+    int cols[MAXN], diagl[MAXN], diagr[MAXN], posibs[MAXN]; // Our backtracking 'stack'
+    int num = 0;
+    //
+    // The top level is two fors, to save one bit of symmetry in the enumeration by forcing second queen to
+    // be AFTER the first queen.
+    //
+    for (q0 = 0; q0 < n - 2; q0++)
+    {
+        for (q1 = q0 + 2; q1 < n; q1++)
+        {
+            int bit0 = 1 << q0;
+            int bit1 = 1 << q1;
+            int d = 0;                         // d is our depth in the backtrack stack
+            cols[0] = bit0 | bit1 | (-1 << n); // The -1 here is used to fill all 'coloumn' bits after n ...
+            diagl[0] = (bit0 << 1 | bit1) << 1;
+            diagr[0] = (bit0 >> 1 | bit1) >> 1;
+
+            //  The variable posib contains the bitmask of possibilities we still have to try in a given row ...
+            int posib = ~(cols[0] | diagl[0] | diagr[0]);
+
+            while (d >= 0)
+            {
+                while (posib)
+                {
+                    int bit = posib & -posib; // The standard trick for getting the rightmost bit in the mask
+                    int ncols = cols[d] | bit;
+                    int ndiagl = (diagl[d] | bit) << 1;
+                    int ndiagr = (diagr[d] | bit) >> 1;
+                    int nposib = ~(ncols | ndiagl | ndiagr);
+                    posib ^= bit; // Eliminate the tried possibility.
+
+                    // The following is the main additional trick here, as recognizing solution can not be done using stack level (d),
+                    // since we save the depth+backtrack time at the end of the enumeration loop. However by noticing all coloumns are
+                    // filled (comparison to -1) we know a solution was reached ...
+                    // Notice also that avoiding an if on the ncols==-1 comparison is more efficient!
+                    num += ncols == -1;
+
+                    if (nposib)
+                    {
+                        if (posib)
+                        {                        // This if saves stack depth + backtrack operations when we passed the last possibility in a row
+                            posibs[d++] = posib; // Go lower in stack ..
+                        }
+                        cols[d] = ncols;
+                        diagl[d] = ndiagl;
+                        diagr[d] = ndiagr;
+                        posib = nposib;
+                    }
+                }
+                posib = posibs[--d]; // backtrack ...
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return num * 2;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    stdio_init_all();
+    printf("Init...\n");
+    stdio_flush();
+    sleep_ms(5000);
+#if PICO_RP2350
+    printf("I'm an RP2350 ");
+    #ifdef __riscv
+        printf("running RISC-V\n");
+    #else
+        printf("running ARM\n");
+    #endif
+#endif    
+    printf("Start...\n");
+    stdio_flush();
+
+    clock_t startt = clock();
+    printf("Started at %u\n", startt);
+    int n = nqueens(boardSize);
+    printf("Total solutions: %d\n", n);
+    clock_t endt = clock();
+    printf("Ended at %u\n", endt);
+    printf("%d\n", (int)(endt - startt));
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        sleep_ms(10000);
+    }
+}