diff --git a/controllers/bulk.js b/controllers/bulk.js
index 35e7fcb..f3dda31 100644
--- a/controllers/bulk.js
+++ b/controllers/bulk.js
@@ -18,16 +18,19 @@ import { _contextid, ObjectID, createExpressError, getAgentClaim, parseDocumentI
 const bulkCreate = async function (req, res, next) {
     res.set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
     const documents = req.body
-    let err = {}
     if (!Array.isArray(documents)) {
-        err.message = "The request body must be an array of objects."
-        err.status = 400
+        const err = {
+            message: "The request body must be an array of objects.",
+            status: 400
+        }
         next(createExpressError(err))
         return
     }
     if (documents.length === 0) {
-        err.message = "No action on an empty array."
-        err.status = 400
+        const err = {
+            message: "No action on an empty array.",
+            status: 400
+        }
         next(createExpressError(err))
         return
     }
@@ -44,8 +47,10 @@ const bulkCreate = async function (req, res, next) {
         if(idcheck) return d
     }) 
     if (gatekeep.length > 0) {
-        err.message = "All objects in the body of a `/bulkCreate` must be JSON and must not contain a declared identifier property."
-        err.status = 400
+        const err = {
+            message: "All objects in the body of a `/bulkCreate` must be JSON and must not contain a declared identifier property.",
+            status: 400
+        }
         next(createExpressError(err))
         return
     }
@@ -64,28 +69,27 @@ const bulkCreate = async function (req, res, next) {
     // }
 
     // unordered bulkWrite() operations have better performance metrics.
-    let bulkOps = []
+    const bulkOps = []
     const generatorAgent = getAgentClaim(req, next)
-    for(let d of documents) {
+    for(const d of documents) {
         // Do not create empty {}s
         if(Object.keys(d).length === 0) continue
         const providedID = d?._id
         const id = isValidID(providedID) ? providedID : ObjectID()
-        d = utils.configureRerumOptions(generatorAgent, d)
+        const configuredDoc = utils.configureRerumOptions(generatorAgent, d)
         // id is also protected in this case, so it can't be set.
-        if(_contextid(d["@context"])) delete d.id
-        d._id = id
-        d['@id'] = `${process.env.RERUM_ID_PREFIX}${id}`
-        bulkOps.push({ insertOne : { "document" : d }})
+        if(_contextid(configuredDoc["@context"])) delete configuredDoc.id
+        configuredDoc._id = id
+        configuredDoc['@id'] = `${process.env.RERUM_ID_PREFIX}${id}`
+        bulkOps.push({ insertOne : { "document" : configuredDoc }})
     }
     try {
-        let dbResponse = await db.bulkWrite(bulkOps, {'ordered':false})
+        const dbResponse = await db.bulkWrite(bulkOps, {'ordered':false})
         res.set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
         res.set("Link",dbResponse.result.insertedIds.map(r => `${process.env.RERUM_ID_PREFIX}${r._id}`)) // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5988
         res.status(201)
         const estimatedResults = bulkOps.map(f=>{
-            let doc = f.insertOne.document
-            doc = idNegotiation(doc)
+            const doc = idNegotiation(f.insertOne.document)
             return doc
         })
         res.json(estimatedResults)  // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-6.3.2
@@ -106,17 +110,20 @@ const bulkCreate = async function (req, res, next) {
 const bulkUpdate = async function (req, res, next) {
     res.set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
     const documents = req.body
-    let err = {}
-    let encountered = []
+    const encountered = []
     if (!Array.isArray(documents)) {
-        err.message = "The request body must be an array of objects."
-        err.status = 400
+        const err = {
+            message: "The request body must be an array of objects.",
+            status: 400
+        }
         next(createExpressError(err))
         return
     }
     if (documents.length === 0) {
-        err.message = "No action on an empty array."
-        err.status = 400
+        const err = {
+            message: "No action on an empty array.",
+            status: 400
+        }
         next(createExpressError(err))
         return
     }
@@ -134,13 +141,15 @@ const bulkUpdate = async function (req, res, next) {
     })
     // The empty {}s will cause this error
     if (gatekeep.length > 0) {
-        err.message = "All objects in the body of a `/bulkUpdate` must be JSON and must contain a declared identifier property."
-        err.status = 400
+        const err = {
+            message: "All objects in the body of a `/bulkUpdate` must be JSON and must contain a declared identifier property.",
+            status: 400
+        }
         next(createExpressError(err))
         return
     }
     // unordered bulkWrite() operations have better performance metrics.
-    let bulkOps = []
+    const bulkOps = []
     const generatorAgent = getAgentClaim(req, next)
     for(const objectReceived of documents){
         // We know it has an id
@@ -149,7 +158,7 @@ const bulkUpdate = async function (req, res, next) {
         // if(encountered.includes(idReceived)) continue
         encountered.push(idReceived)
         if(!idReceived.includes(process.env.RERUM_ID_PREFIX)) continue
-        let id = parseDocumentID(idReceived)
+        const id = parseDocumentID(idReceived)
         let originalObject
         try {
             originalObject = await db.findOne({"$or":[{"_id": id}, {"__rerum.slug": id}]})
@@ -159,16 +168,16 @@ const bulkUpdate = async function (req, res, next) {
         }
         if (null === originalObject) continue
         if (utils.isDeleted(originalObject)) continue
-        id = ObjectID()
-        let context = objectReceived["@context"] ? { "@context": objectReceived["@context"] } : {}
-        let rerumProp = { "__rerum": utils.configureRerumOptions(generatorAgent, originalObject, true, false)["__rerum"] }
+        const newId = ObjectID()
+        const context = objectReceived["@context"] ? { "@context": objectReceived["@context"] } : {}
+        const rerumProp = { "__rerum": utils.configureRerumOptions(generatorAgent, originalObject, true, false)["__rerum"] }
         delete objectReceived["__rerum"]
         delete objectReceived["_id"]
         delete objectReceived["@id"]
         // id is also protected in this case, so it can't be set.
         if(_contextid(objectReceived["@context"])) delete objectReceived.id
         delete objectReceived["@context"]
-        let newObject = Object.assign(context, { "@id": process.env.RERUM_ID_PREFIX + id }, objectReceived, rerumProp, { "_id": id })
+        const newObject = Object.assign(context, { "@id": process.env.RERUM_ID_PREFIX + newId }, objectReceived, rerumProp, { "_id": newId })
         bulkOps.push({ insertOne : { "document" : newObject }})
         if(originalObject.__rerum.history.next.indexOf(newObject["@id"]) === -1){
             originalObject.__rerum.history.next.push(newObject["@id"])
@@ -183,13 +192,12 @@ const bulkUpdate = async function (req, res, next) {
         }
     }
     try {
-        let dbResponse = await db.bulkWrite(bulkOps, {'ordered':false})
+        const dbResponse = await db.bulkWrite(bulkOps, {'ordered':false})
         res.set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
         res.set("Link", dbResponse.result.insertedIds.map(r => `${process.env.RERUM_ID_PREFIX}${r._id}`)) // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5988
         res.status(200)
         const estimatedResults = bulkOps.filter(f=>f.insertOne).map(f=>{
-            let doc = f.insertOne.document
-            doc = idNegotiation(doc)
+            const doc = idNegotiation(f.insertOne.document)
             return doc
         })
         res.json(estimatedResults)  // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-6.3.2
diff --git a/controllers/crud.js b/controllers/crud.js
index bce1179..4e0e636 100644
--- a/controllers/crud.js
+++ b/controllers/crud.js
@@ -17,20 +17,18 @@ const create = async function (req, res, next) {
     res.set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
     let slug = ""
     if(req.get("Slug")){
-        let slug_json = await generateSlugId(req.get("Slug"), next)
+        const slug_json = await generateSlugId(req.get("Slug"), next)
         if(slug_json.code){
             next(createExpressError(slug_json))
             return
         }
-        else{
-            slug = slug_json.slug_id
-        }
+        slug = slug_json.slug_id
     }
     
-    let generatorAgent = getAgentClaim(req, next)
-    let context = req.body["@context"] ? { "@context": req.body["@context"] } : {}
-    let provided = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(req.body))
-    let rerumProp = { "__rerum": utils.configureRerumOptions(generatorAgent, provided, false, false)["__rerum"] }
+    const generatorAgent = getAgentClaim(req, next)
+    const context = req.body["@context"] ? { "@context": req.body["@context"] } : {}
+    const provided = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(req.body))
+    const rerumProp = { "__rerum": utils.configureRerumOptions(generatorAgent, provided, false, false)["__rerum"] }
     rerumProp.__rerum.slug = slug
     const providedID = provided._id
     const id = isValidID(providedID) ? providedID : ObjectID()
@@ -40,16 +38,16 @@ const create = async function (req, res, next) {
     if(_contextid(provided["@context"])) delete provided.id
     delete provided["@context"]
     
-    let newObject = Object.assign(context, { "@id": process.env.RERUM_ID_PREFIX + id }, provided, rerumProp, { "_id": id })
+    const newObject = Object.assign(context, { "@id": process.env.RERUM_ID_PREFIX + id }, provided, rerumProp, { "_id": id })
     console.log("CREATE")
     try {
-        let result = await db.insertOne(newObject)
+        const result = await db.insertOne(newObject)
         res.set(utils.configureWebAnnoHeadersFor(newObject))
-        newObject = idNegotiation(newObject)
-        newObject.new_obj_state = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(newObject))
-        res.location(newObject[_contextid(newObject["@context"]) ? "id":"@id"])
+        const negotiatedObject = idNegotiation(newObject)
+        negotiatedObject.new_obj_state = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(negotiatedObject))
+        res.location(negotiatedObject[_contextid(negotiatedObject["@context"]) ? "id":"@id"])
         res.status(201)
-        res.json(newObject)
+        res.json(negotiatedObject)
     }
     catch (error) {
         //MongoServerError from the client has the following properties: index, code, keyPattern, keyValue
@@ -64,12 +62,12 @@ const create = async function (req, res, next) {
  * */
 const query = async function (req, res, next) {
     res.set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
-    let props = req.body
+    const props = req.body
     const limit = parseInt(req.query.limit ?? 100)
     const skip = parseInt(req.query.skip ?? 0)
     if (Object.keys(props).length === 0) {
         //Hey now, don't ask for everything...this can happen by accident.  Don't allow it.
-        let err = {
+        const err = {
             message: "Detected empty JSON object.  You must provide at least one property in the /query request body JSON.",
             status: 400
         }
@@ -93,9 +91,9 @@ const query = async function (req, res, next) {
  * */
 const id = async function (req, res, next) {
     res.set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
-    let id = req.params["_id"]
+    const id = req.params["_id"]
     try {
-        let match = await db.findOne({"$or": [{"_id": id}, {"__rerum.slug": id}]})
+        const match = await db.findOne({"$or": [{"_id": id}, {"__rerum.slug": id}]})
         if (match) {
             res.set(utils.configureWebAnnoHeadersFor(match))
             //Support built in browser caching
@@ -105,12 +103,12 @@ const id = async function (req, res, next) {
             // Include current version for optimistic locking
             const currentVersion = match.__rerum?.isOverwritten ?? ""
             res.set('Current-Overwritten-Version', currentVersion)
-            match = idNegotiation(match)
-            res.location(_contextid(match["@context"]) ? match.id : match["@id"])
-            res.json(match)
+            const negotiatedMatch = idNegotiation(match)
+            res.location(_contextid(negotiatedMatch["@context"]) ? negotiatedMatch.id : negotiatedMatch["@id"])
+            res.json(negotiatedMatch)
             return
         }
-        let err = {
+        const err = {
             "message": `No RERUM object with id '${id}'`,
             "status": 404
         } 
diff --git a/controllers/gog.js b/controllers/gog.js
index 67dd04d..76af936 100644
--- a/controllers/gog.js
+++ b/controllers/gog.js
@@ -28,22 +28,21 @@ const _gog_fragments_from_manuscript = async function (req, res, next) {
     const manID = req.body["ManuscriptWitness"]
     const limit = parseInt(req.query.limit ?? 50)
     const skip = parseInt(req.query.skip ?? 0)
-    let err = { message: `` }
     // This request can only be made my Gallery of Glosses production apps.
     if (agentID !== "61043ad4ffce846a83e700dd") {
-        err = Object.assign(err, {
+        const err = {
             message: `Only the Gallery of Glosses can make this request.`,
             status: 403
-        })
+        }
+        next(createExpressError(err))
+        return
     }
     // Must have a properly formed body with a usable value
-    else if(!manID || !manID.startsWith("http")){
-        err = Object.assign(err, {
+    if(!manID || !manID.startsWith("http")){
+        const err = {
             message: `The body must be JSON like {"ManuscriptWitness":"witness_uri_here"}.`,
             status: 400
-        })
-    }
-    if (err.status) {
+        }
         next(createExpressError(err))
         return
     }
diff --git a/controllers/utils.js b/controllers/utils.js
index 9de0c01..5c0106c 100644
--- a/controllers/utils.js
+++ b/controllers/utils.js
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ const idNegotiation = function (resBody) {
     const _id = resBody._id
     delete resBody._id
     if(!resBody["@context"]) return resBody
-    let modifiedResBody = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(resBody))
+    const modifiedResBody = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(resBody))
     const context = { "@context": resBody["@context"] }
     if(_contextid(resBody["@context"])) {
         delete resBody["@id"]
         delete resBody["@context"]
-        modifiedResBody = Object.assign(context, { "id": process.env.RERUM_ID_PREFIX + _id }, resBody)
+        return Object.assign(context, { "id": process.env.RERUM_ID_PREFIX + _id }, resBody)
     }
     return modifiedResBody
 }
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ const idNegotiation = function (resBody) {
  * 
  */  
 const generateSlugId = async function(slug_id="", next){
-    let slug_return = {"slug_id":"", "code":0}
+    const slug_return = {"slug_id":"", "code":0}
     let slug
     if(slug_id){
         slug_return.slug_id = slug_id
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ const index = function (req, res, next) {
 }
 
 function createExpressError(err) {
-    let error = {}
+    const error = {}
     if (err.code) {
         switch (err.code) {
             case 11000:
@@ -145,14 +145,13 @@ const remove = async function(id) {
  */
 function getAgentClaim(req, next) {
     const claimKeys = [process.env.RERUM_AGENT_CLAIM, "http://devstore.rerum.io/v1/agent", "http://store.rerum.io/agent"]
-    let agent = ""
     for (const claimKey of claimKeys) {
-        agent = req.user[claimKey]
+        const agent = req.user[claimKey]
         if (agent) {
             return agent
         }
     }
-    let err = {
+    const err = {
         "message": "Could not get agent from req.user.  Have you registered with RERUM?",
         "status": 403
     }
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ async function alterHistoryNext(objToUpdate, newNextID) {
     //We can keep this real short if we trust the objects sent into here.  I think these are private helper functions, and so we can.
     if(objToUpdate.__rerum.history.next.indexOf(newNextID) === -1){
         objToUpdate.__rerum.history.next.push(newNextID)
-        let result = await db.replaceOne({ "_id": objToUpdate["_id"] }, objToUpdate)
+        const result = await db.replaceOne({ "_id": objToUpdate["_id"] }, objToUpdate)
         return result.modifiedCount > 0
     }
     return true
@@ -196,9 +195,8 @@ async function alterHistoryNext(objToUpdate, newNextID) {
  * @throws Exception when a JSONObject with no '__rerum' property is provided.
  */
 async function getAllVersions(obj) {
-    let ls_versions
-    let primeID = obj?.__rerum.history.prime
-    let rootObj = ( primeID === "root") 
+    const primeID = obj?.__rerum.history.prime
+    const rootObj = ( primeID === "root") 
     ?   //The obj passed in is root.  So it is the rootObj we need.
         JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj))
     :   //The obj passed in knows the ID of root, grab it from Mongo
@@ -209,7 +207,7 @@ async function getAllVersions(obj) {
          * This is the because some of the @ids have different RERUM URL patterns on them.
          **/
     //All the children of this object will have its @id in __rerum.history.prime
-    ls_versions = await db.find({ "__rerum.history.prime": rootObj['@id'] }).toArray()
+    const ls_versions = await db.find({ "__rerum.history.prime": { $eq: rootObj['@id'] } }).toArray()
     //The root object is a version, prepend it in
     ls_versions.unshift(rootObj)
     return ls_versions
diff --git a/utils.js b/utils.js
index 299d662..0468615 100644
--- a/utils.js
+++ b/utils.js
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ const configureRerumOptions = function(generator, received, update, extUpdate){
     }
     else{
         //We are either updating an existing RERUM object or creating a new one.
-        if(received_options.hasOwnProperty("history")){
+        if(received_options?.history){
             history = received_options.history
             if(update){
                 //This means we are configuring from the update action and we have passed in a clone of the originating object (with its @id) that contained a __rerum.history
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ const configureRerumOptions = function(generator, received, update, extUpdate){
             history_prime = "root"
             history_previous = ""
         }
-        if(received_options.hasOwnProperty("releases")){
+        if(received_options?.releases){
             releases = received_options.releases
             releases_previous = releases.previous
         }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ const configureRerumOptions = function(generator, received, update, extUpdate){
     rerumOptions.alpha = true
     rerumOptions.APIversion = process.env.RERUM_API_VERSION
     //It is important for the cache workflow that these be properly formatted.  
-    let creationDateTime = new Date(Date.now()).toISOString().replace("Z", "")
+    const creationDateTime = new Date(Date.now()).toISOString().replace("Z", "")
     rerumOptions.createdAt = creationDateTime
     rerumOptions.isOverwritten = ""
     rerumOptions.isReleased = ""
@@ -101,18 +101,14 @@ const configureRerumOptions = function(generator, received, update, extUpdate){
  * Check this object for deleted status.  deleted objects in RERUM look like {"@id":"{some-id}", __deleted:{object properties}}
  */ 
 const isDeleted = function(obj){
-    return obj.hasOwnProperty("__deleted")
+    return obj?.__deleted !== undefined
 }
 
 /**
  * Check this object for released status.  Released objects in RERUM look like {"@id":"{some-id}", __rerum:{"isReleased" : "ISO-DATE-TIME"}}
  */ 
 const isReleased = function(obj){
-    let bool = 
-    (obj.hasOwnProperty("__rerum") && 
-        obj.__rerum.hasOwnProperty("isReleased") && 
-        obj.__rerum.isReleased !== "")
-    return bool
+    return obj?.__rerum?.isReleased !== undefined && obj.__rerum.isReleased !== ""
 }
 
 /**
@@ -130,17 +126,17 @@ const isGenerator = function(origObj, changeAgent){
  * return a JSON object.  keys are header names, values are header values.
  */
 const configureWebAnnoHeadersFor = function(obj){
-    let headers = {}
+    const headers = {}
     if(isLD(obj)){
         headers["Content-Type"] = "application/ld+json;charset=utf-8;profile=\"http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld\""
     }
     if(isContainerType(obj)){
-        headers["Link"] = "application/ld+json;charset=utf-8;profile=\"http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld\""
+        headers.Link = "application/ld+json;charset=utf-8;profile=\"http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld\""
     }
     else{
-        headers["Link"] = "<http://www.w3.org/ns/ldp#Resource>; rel=\"type\""
+        headers.Link = "<http://www.w3.org/ns/ldp#Resource>; rel=\"type\""
     }
-    headers["Allow"] = "GET,OPTIONS,HEAD,PUT,PATCH,DELETE,POST"
+    headers.Allow = "GET,OPTIONS,HEAD,PUT,PATCH,DELETE,POST"
     return headers
 }
 
@@ -154,20 +150,20 @@ const configureLDHeadersFor = function(obj){
     //Note that the optimal situation would be to be able to detect the LD-ness of this object
     //What we have are the arrays returned from the aformentioned getters (/query, /since, /history)
     //We know we want them to be LD and that they likely contain LD things, but the arrays don't have an @context
-    let headers = {}
+    const headers = {}
     /**
     if(isLD(obj)){
-        headers["Content-Type"] = 'application/ld+json;charset=utf-8;profile="http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld"'
+        headers["Content-Type"] = "application/ld+json;charset=utf-8;profile=\"http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld\""
     } 
     else {
         // This breaks Web Annotation compliance, but allows us to return requested
         // objects without misrepresenting the content.
-        headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json;charset=utf-8;"
+        headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json;charset=utf-8"
     }
     */
-    headers["Allow"] = "GET,OPTIONS,HEAD,PUT,PATCH,DELETE,POST"
-    headers["Content-Type"] = 'application/ld+json;charset=utf-8;profile="http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld"'
-    headers["Link"] = '<http://store.rerum.io/v1/context.json>; rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context"; type="application/ld+json"'
+    headers.Allow = "GET,OPTIONS,HEAD,PUT,PATCH,DELETE,POST"
+    headers["Content-Type"] = "application/ld+json;charset=utf-8;profile=\"http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld\""
+    headers.Link = "<http://store.rerum.io/v1/context.json>; rel=\"http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context\"; type=\"application/ld+json\""
     return headers
 }
 
@@ -177,8 +173,7 @@ const configureLDHeadersFor = function(obj){
  * return boolean
  */ 
 const isContainerType = function(obj){
-    let answer = false
-    let typestring = obj["@type"] ?? obj.type ?? ""
+    const typestring = obj["@type"] ?? obj.type ?? ""
     const knownContainerTypes = [
         "ItemList",
         "AnnotationPage",
@@ -194,11 +189,10 @@ const isContainerType = function(obj){
     for(const t of knownContainerTypes){
         //Dang those pesky prefixes...circumventing exact match for now
         if(typestring.includes(t)){
-            answer = true
-            break
+            return true
         }
     }
-    return answer
+    return false
     //return knownContainerTypes.includes(typestring)
 }
 
@@ -220,15 +214,10 @@ const isLD = function(obj){
  */ 
 const configureLastModifiedHeader = function(obj){
     let date = ""
-    if(obj.__rerum){
-        if(!obj.__rerum.isOverwritten === ""){
-            date = obj.__rerum.isOverwritten
-        }
-        else{
-            date = obj.__rerum.createdAt
-        }
+    if(obj?.__rerum){
+        date = obj.__rerum.isOverwritten !== "" ? obj.__rerum.isOverwritten : obj.__rerum.createdAt
     }
-    else if(obj.__deleted){
+    else if(obj?.__deleted){
         date = obj.__deleted.time
     }
     //Note that dates like 2021-05-26T10:39:19.328 have been rounded to 2021-05-26T10:39:19 in browser headers.  Account for that here.