diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ecab496d05..fd72e793ad 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -860,6 +860,12 @@ graphify label ./my-project                                    # (re)name commun
 graphify label ./my-project --backend=openai --model gpt-4o   # force a specific backend and model
 ```
 
+`--no-dedup` also skips coalescing distinct non-AST nodes solely because they
+share a file and label. The Python equivalents are `build(chunks, dedup=False)`,
+`build_merge(chunks, graph_path, dedup=False)`, and
+`build_from_json(extraction, dedup=False)`. AST/semantic twins still reconcile to
+the canonical AST node, and document-file twin reconciliation remains enabled.
+
 > **Community names:** inside an agent (Claude Code, Gemini CLI) the agent names communities itself. When you run the bare CLI, `cluster-only` auto-names them with the configured backend (built-in or custom OpenAI-compatible provider) — pass `--no-label` to keep `Community N`, or run `graphify label` to (re)generate names on demand.
 
 ---
diff --git a/graphify/build.py b/graphify/build.py
index 871b927987..151e65bb43 100644
--- a/graphify/build.py
+++ b/graphify/build.py
@@ -874,13 +874,17 @@ def _doc_twin_remap(nodes: list) -> dict[str, str]:
     return remap
 
 
-def build_from_json(extraction: dict, *, directed: bool = False, root: str | Path | None = None) -> nx.Graph:
+def build_from_json(extraction: dict, *, directed: bool = False, root: str | Path | None = None,
+                    dedup: bool = True) -> nx.Graph:
     """Build a NetworkX graph from an extraction dict.
 
     directed=True produces a DiGraph that preserves edge direction (source→target).
     directed=False (default) produces an undirected Graph for backward compatibility.
     root: if given, absolute source_file paths from semantic subagents are made
         relative to root so all nodes share a consistent path key (#932).
+    dedup=False preserves distinct non-AST IDs rather than coalescing nodes by
+        file and label. AST/semantic and document-file twin reconciliation
+        remain enabled.
     """
     _root = str(Path(root).resolve()) if root else None
     # NetworkX <= 3.1 serialised edges as "links"; remap to "edges" for compatibility.
@@ -1158,6 +1162,8 @@ def build_from_json(extraction: dict, *, directed: bool = False, root: str | Pat
         if key in _loc_collisions:
             continue  # ambiguous key: no safe canonical winner, leave ghost intact
         if key in _loc_nodes and _loc_nodes[key] != nid:
+            if not dedup and G.nodes[_loc_nodes[key]].get("_origin") != "ast":
+                continue
             _noloc_nodes[key] = nid
         elif key not in _loc_nodes:
             # Spec-conformant method ghost omitting class segment / leading dot
@@ -1599,7 +1605,7 @@ def build(
             protected_ids=protected_ids,
         )
         _dedup_collapsed = _before_dedup - len(combined["nodes"])
-    G = build_from_json(combined, directed=directed, root=_root)
+    G = build_from_json(combined, directed=directed, root=_root, dedup=dedup)
     # CLI reads this to tell a dedup shrink from a file deletion (#3774).
     # Popped before to_json so it is not stored in graph.json.
     if _dedup_collapsed:
diff --git a/tests/test_build_located_semantic_identity.py b/tests/test_build_located_semantic_identity.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b63035e44f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_located_semantic_identity.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import json
+
+import pytest
+
+from graphify.build import build, build_from_json, build_merge
+
+
+def _located_nodes():
+    return [
+        {"id": "pkg_name", "label": "name", "file_type": "code",
+         "source_file": "pkg/plugin.json", "source_location": "L2"},
+        {"id": "pkg_author_name", "label": "name", "file_type": "code",
+         "source_file": "pkg/plugin.json", "source_location": "L5"},
+        {"id": "doc_s1_notes", "label": "Notas", "file_type": "document",
+         "source_file": "docs/plan.md", "source_location": "L10"},
+        {"id": "doc_s2_notes", "label": "Notas", "file_type": "document",
+         "source_file": "docs/plan.md", "source_location": "L80"},
+        {"id": "other_name", "label": "name", "file_type": "code",
+         "source_file": "pkg/other.json", "source_location": "L2"},
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("reverse", [False, True])
+def test_distinct_same_file_locations_preserve_ids_and_edges(reverse):
+    nodes = _located_nodes()
+    if reverse:
+        nodes.reverse()
+    graph = build_from_json({
+        "nodes": nodes,
+        "edges": [
+            {"source": "pkg_name", "target": "doc_s1_notes", "relation": "references"},
+            {"source": "pkg_author_name", "target": "doc_s2_notes", "relation": "references"},
+        ],
+        "hyperedges": [],
+    }, dedup=False)
+    assert set(graph.nodes) == {node["id"] for node in nodes}
+    assert graph.has_edge("pkg_name", "doc_s1_notes")
+    assert graph.has_edge("pkg_author_name", "doc_s2_notes")
+
+
+def test_empty_no_dedup_merge_keeps_located_graph(tmp_path):
+    nodes = _located_nodes()
+    graph_path = tmp_path / "graph.json"
+    graph_path.write_text(json.dumps({"nodes": nodes, "edges": [], "hyperedges": []}), encoding="utf-8")
+    graph = build_merge([{"nodes": [], "edges": [], "hyperedges": []}], graph_path, dedup=False)
+    assert set(graph.nodes) == {node["id"] for node in nodes}
+
+
+def test_disabled_dedup_keeps_distinct_semantic_ids_at_identical_locations():
+    nodes = [
+        {"id": name, "label": "Notes", "file_type": "document", "_origin": "semantic",
+         "source_file": "plan.md", "source_location": location}
+        for name, location in [("a_first", "L2"), ("b_second", "L5"), ("z_first", "L2"), ("z_second", "L5")]
+    ]
+    graph = build_from_json({
+        "nodes": nodes,
+        "edges": [{"source": "z_first", "target": "z_second", "relation": "references"}],
+        "hyperedges": [],
+    }, dedup=False)
+    assert set(graph.nodes) == {node["id"] for node in nodes}
+    assert graph.has_edge("z_first", "z_second")
+
+
+def test_ast_twin_remains_canonical_despite_semantic_location_drift():
+    graph = build_from_json({
+        "nodes": [
+            {"id": "src_render", "label": "render", "file_type": "code", "_origin": "ast",
+             "source_file": "src/view.py", "source_location": "L2"},
+            {"id": "view_render", "label": "render", "file_type": "code", "_origin": "semantic",
+             "source_file": "src/view.py", "source_location": "L5"},
+        ],
+        "edges": [], "hyperedges": [],
+    }, dedup=False)
+    assert set(graph.nodes) == {"src_render"}
+
+
+def test_full_build_honors_disabled_semantic_dedup():
+    nodes = _located_nodes()
+    graph = build([{"nodes": nodes, "edges": [], "hyperedges": []}], dedup=False)
+    assert set(graph.nodes) == {node["id"] for node in nodes}
+
+
+def test_fresh_merge_honors_disabled_semantic_dedup(tmp_path):
+    graph_path = tmp_path / "graph.json"
+    graph_path.write_text(json.dumps({"nodes": [], "edges": [], "hyperedges": []}), encoding="utf-8")
+    nodes = _located_nodes()
+    graph = build_merge([{"nodes": nodes, "edges": [], "hyperedges": []}], graph_path, dedup=False)
+    assert set(graph.nodes) == {node["id"] for node in nodes}