diff --git a/game.js b/game.js
index 7f91a67..5c94f7b 100644
--- a/game.js
+++ b/game.js
@@ -1,46 +1,70 @@
+
+// set up of game canvas' along with the expected game style (2D)
+// game: game state holder
+// snake: snake character to be moved by user
+// food: objects to be collected by snake character
 var canvas = document.getElementById("the-game");
 var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
 var game, snake, food;
 
+// game properties
 game = {
   
+  // set up of starting game state
+  // variables are initialized to represent a new game
   score: 0,
   fps: 8,
   over: false,
-  message: null,
+  message: null, 
+  
   
-  start: function() {
-    game.over = false;
-    game.message = null;
-    game.score = 0;
+  // variables are adjusted to represent the beginnning of a new game
+  start: function() { // starting a new game
+    game.over = false;  // game state has been changed to in progress
+    game.message = null; // no message displayed to user 
+    game.score = 0;       
     game.fps = 8;
-    snake.init();
-    food.set();
+    snake.init(); 
+    food.set(); 
   },
   
-  stop: function() {
-    game.over = true;
-    game.message = 'GAME OVER - PRESS SPACEBAR';
+
+  // variables are adjusted to represent the end of a game
+  stop: function() {    // stopping a game
+    game.over = true;   // game state has been changed to over
+    game.message = 'GAME OVER - PRESS SPACEBAR'; // message displayed to user notifying game has ended
   },
   
+  // x: initial game board center represented by an x-coordinate
+  // y: initial game board center represented by a y-coordinate
+  // size: maximum size of the board in the x or y direction, used for both coordinates to create a square
+  // color: fill color of the game board
   drawBox: function(x, y, size, color) {
     context.fillStyle = color;
-    context.beginPath();
-    context.moveTo(x - (size / 2), y - (size / 2));
-    context.lineTo(x + (size / 2), y - (size / 2));
-    context.lineTo(x + (size / 2), y + (size / 2));
-    context.lineTo(x - (size / 2), y + (size / 2));
-    context.closePath();
-    context.fill();
+    context.beginPath(); 
+    context.moveTo(x - (size / 2), y - (size / 2)); // begins fill path at bottom left from centre point
+    context.lineTo(x + (size / 2), y - (size / 2)); // line from bottom left to bottom right
+    context.lineTo(x + (size / 2), y + (size / 2)); // line from bottom right to top right
+    context.lineTo(x - (size / 2), y + (size / 2)); // line from top right to top left 
+    context.closePath(); // paths created are closed off
+    context.fill(); // area created by these lines are now filled with a solid color
   },
   
+  // creates textfield for the scoreboard 
+  // fill color of scoreboard and font of scoreboard are chosen
+  // scoreboard text is aligned
+  // scoreboard textfield filled with score and textfield dimensions are set
   drawScore: function() {
-    context.fillStyle = '#999';
-    context.font = (canvas.height) + 'px Impact, sans-serif';
-    context.textAlign = 'center';
+    context.fillStyle = '#999'; 
+    context.font = (canvas.height) + 'px Impact, sans-serif'; 
+    context.textAlign = 'center'; 
     context.fillText(game.score, canvas.width / 2, canvas.height * 0.9);
   },
   
+  // creates textfield for the display messages
+  // fill color of display message and font of display message are chosen
+  // display message text is aligned
+  // display message textfield filled with messages and textfield dimensions are set
   drawMessage: function() {
     if (game.message !== null) {
       context.fillStyle = '#00F';
@@ -52,14 +76,17 @@ game = {
     }
   },
   
+  // resets the gameboard
   resetCanvas: function() {
     context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
   }
   
 };
 
+// snake properties
 snake = {
   
+  // variables are initialized to represent a new snake
   size: canvas.width / 40,
   x: null,
   y: null,
@@ -67,69 +94,77 @@ snake = {
   direction: 'left',
   sections: [],
   
+  // creates a new snake
   init: function() {
-    snake.sections = [];
-    snake.direction = 'left';
-    snake.x = canvas.width / 2 + snake.size / 2;
-    snake.y = canvas.height / 2 + snake.size / 2;
-    for (var i = snake.x + (5 * snake.size); i >= snake.x; i -= snake.size) {
+    snake.sections = [];  // array holds segements of the snake
+    snake.direction = 'left'; // starting direction initialized to left
+    snake.x = canvas.width / 2 + snake.size / 2; // starting xcoordinate for the snake
+    snake.y = canvas.height / 2 + snake.size / 2; // starting ycoordinate for the snake
+    for (var i = snake.x + (5 * snake.size); i >= snake.x; i -= snake.size) { // array tracks segements of snake via turn points
       snake.sections.push(i + ',' + snake.y); 
     }
   },
   
+  // snake movement
   move: function() {
     switch (snake.direction) {
-      case 'up':
-        snake.y -= snake.size;
+      case 'up': // when the up arrow key is pressed
+        snake.y -= snake.size; // moves snake in upward direction based on current size
         break;
-      case 'down':
-        snake.y += snake.size;
+      case 'down': // when the down arrow key is pressed
+        snake.y += snake.size; // moves snake in downward direction based on current size
         break;
-      case 'left':
-        snake.x -= snake.size;
+      case 'left': // when the left arrow key is pressed
+        snake.x -= snake.size; // moves snake in leftward direction based on current size
         break;
-      case 'right':
-        snake.x += snake.size;
+      case 'right': // when the right arrow key is pressed
+        snake.x += snake.size; // moves snake in rightward direction based on current size
         break;
     }
-    snake.checkCollision();
-    snake.checkGrowth();
-    snake.sections.push(snake.x + ',' + snake.y);
+    snake.checkCollision(); // collision detection
+    snake.checkGrowth(); // growth detection
+    snake.sections.push(snake.x + ',' + snake.y); // array tracks segements of snake via turn points
   },
   
+  // draws all segments of the snake
   draw: function() {
     for (var i = 0; i < snake.sections.length; i++) {
-      snake.drawSection(snake.sections[i].split(','));
+      snake.drawSection(snake.sections[i].split(',')); // concatenation of snake sections are drawn around current turn points
     }    
   },
   
+  // section: an individual section of the snake
   drawSection: function(section) {
-    game.drawBox(parseInt(section[0]), parseInt(section[1]), snake.size, snake.color);
+    game.drawBox(parseInt(section[0]), parseInt(section[1]), snake.size, snake.color); // snake sections are drawn individially inside the box
   },
   
+  // collision detection 
   checkCollision: function() {
-    if (snake.isCollision(snake.x, snake.y) === true) {
-      game.stop();
+    if (snake.isCollision(snake.x, snake.y) === true) { // if the head of the snake collides with something
+      game.stop();  // game state is changed to over
     }
   },
   
+  // x: xcoordinate for collision detection
+  // y: ycoordinate for collision detection
   isCollision: function(x, y) {
-    if (x < snake.size / 2 ||
-        x > canvas.width ||
-        y < snake.size / 2 ||
-        y > canvas.height ||
+    if (x < snake.size / 2 || // if snake collides with itself horizontally
+        x > canvas.width ||   // if snake collides with canvas horizontally
+        y < snake.size / 2 || // if snake collides with itself vertically
+        y > canvas.height ||  // if snake collides with canvas vertically
         snake.sections.indexOf(x + ',' + y) >= 0) {
-      return true;
+      return true; // a collision has happened
     }
   },
   
+  // food collection, sees if the snake has collided with food
   checkGrowth: function() {
-    if (snake.x == food.x && snake.y == food.y) {
-      game.score++;
-      if (game.score % 5 == 0 && game.fps < 60) {
-        game.fps++;
+    if (snake.x == food.x && snake.y == food.y) { // if the snake head collides with a food
+      game.score++; // add to score
+      if (game.score % 5 == 0 && game.fps < 60) { 
+        game.fps++; // increase the fps when game score increases by 5 points
       }
-      food.set();
+      food.set(); // set another food on the game board
     } else {
       snake.sections.shift();
     }
@@ -137,32 +172,38 @@ snake = {
   
 };
 
+// food properties
 food = {
   
+  // variables are initialized to represent a new food piece
   size: null,
   x: null,
   y: null,
   color: '#0FF',
   
+  // food pieces set on the game board
   set: function() {
     food.size = snake.size;
-    food.x = (Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10) * snake.size * 4) - snake.size / 2;
-    food.y = (Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10) * snake.size * 3) - snake.size / 2;
+    food.x = (Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10) * snake.size * 4) - snake.size / 2; // random x-coordinate chosen for the food piece within game board dimensions
+    food.y = (Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10) * snake.size * 3) - snake.size / 2; // random y-coordinate chosen for the food piece within game board dimensions
   },
   
+  // draws food piece on gameboard based on x-coord, y-coord, size, and color
   draw: function() {
     game.drawBox(food.x, food.y, food.size, food.color);
   }
   
 };
 
+// sets values to change directional key commands
 var inverseDirection = {
-  'up': 'down',
-  'left': 'right',
-  'right': 'left',
-  'down': 'up'
+  'up': 'down', // up key press maps to downwards movement
+  'left': 'right',  // left key press maps to rightwards movement
+  'right': 'left', // right key press maps to leftwards movement
+  'down': 'up'  // down key press maps to upwards movement
 };
 
+// sets values for directional key commands
 var keys = {
   up: [38, 75, 87],
   down: [40, 74, 83],
@@ -171,6 +212,8 @@ var keys = {
   start_game: [13, 32]
 };
 
+// value: integer associated with direction key
+// gets the value of directional key being pressed
 function getKey(value){
   for (var key in keys){
     if (keys[key] instanceof Array && keys[key].indexOf(value) >= 0){
@@ -180,20 +223,23 @@ function getKey(value){
   return null;
 }
 
+// function(e) checks for an event (a key press) to happen
 addEventListener("keydown", function (e) {
-    var lastKey = getKey(e.keyCode);
-    if (['up', 'down', 'left', 'right'].indexOf(lastKey) >= 0
+    var lastKey = getKey(e.keyCode); // gets value of directional key
+    if (['up', 'down', 'left', 'right'].indexOf(lastKey) >= 0 // if a key is pressed and key direction is not inversed
         && lastKey != inverseDirection[snake.direction]) {
-      snake.direction = lastKey;
-    } else if (['start_game'].indexOf(lastKey) >= 0 && game.over) {
-      game.start();
+      snake.direction = lastKey; // changes snake direction to inverse of last key pressed
+    } else if (['start_game'].indexOf(lastKey) >= 0 && game.over) { // waits for a key to be pressed after a game has ended
+      game.start(); // game state changed to begin
     }
 }, false);
 
+// updates frames (visual display of the game)
 var requestAnimationFrame = window.requestAnimationFrame ||
       window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
       window.mozRequestAnimationFrame;
 
+// loops through the game if game state isnt equal to over
 function loop() {
   if (game.over == false) {
     game.resetCanvas();
@@ -208,4 +254,4 @@ function loop() {
   }, 1000 / game.fps);
 }
 
-requestAnimationFrame(loop);
\ No newline at end of file
+requestAnimationFrame(loop);