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appendixI.tex
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% -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
\input macros
% \beginchapter Appendix I. Index
\beginchapter Appendix I. 索引
%\maxdepth=4pt
%The author has tried to provide as complete an index as possible, so that
%people will be able to find things that are tucked away in obscure
%corners of this long book. Therefore the index itself is rather long. A
%short summary of the simpler aspects of \TeX\ appears at the beginning of
%Appendix~B; a summary of special symbols appears at the end of Appendix~F;
%a summary of other special things appears under `tables' below.
\maxdepth=4pt
作者试图提供尽可能完整的索引，使读者能够找到藏在这本厚书的隐蔽角落的东西。
因此这个索引本身相当地长。在附录~B~开头有 \TeX\ 各方面的简短总结；
在附录~F~末尾有特殊符号的总结；在下面的 `tables` 项有其他特殊东西的总结。
%\medskip\ninepoint
%Page numbers are \underbar{underlined} in the index when they represent
%the definition or the main source of information about whatever is being
%indexed. \ (Underlined entries are the most definitive, but not
%necessarily the easiest for a beginner to understand.) \ A page number is
%given in italics (e.g., `{\it123\/}') when that page contains an instructive
%example of how the concept in question might be used. Sometimes both
%underlining and italics are appropriate. When an index entry refers to a
%page containing a relevant exercise, the answer to that exercise (in
%Appendix~A) might divulge further information; an answer page is not
%indexed here unless it refers to a topic that isn't included in the
%statement of the relevant exercise.
\medskip\ninepoint
加下划线的页码（比如 `\underbar{123}’）表示它给出条目的定义或主信息源。%
（加下划线的条目是最明确的，但未必是初学者最容易理解的。）%
意大利体的页码（比如 `{\it123\/}'）表示它包含该概念如何使用的例子。
有时候同时使用下划线和意大利体更加合适。
当索引条目指向包含相关练习的页面时，
该练习的答案（在附录~A~中）可能透露进一步的信息；
答案页不会在这里索引，除非它提及不包含在对应练习的描述中的话题。
%\smallskip
%Control sequence names that are preceded by an asterisk (*) in this index are
%primitives of \TeX; i.e., they are built in. It may be dangerous to
%redefine them.
\smallskip
在这个索引中，名称前面加上星号(*)的控制系列是 \TeX\ 的原始命令；
即它们是内建命令。重新定义它们将会是危险的。
\smallskip
{\bf 译注：}在翻译本书时，英文版的原始页码被标示在页边空白中，
并用方括号包围，比如 `|[123]|'。因此，这个英文索引对读者还是有用的。
\begindoublecolumns
\eightpoint \baselineskip=9.8pt % shooting for 53 or 54 lines/page
\parskip=0pt plus .8pt
\newdimen\sqht \sqht=2.4pt % \square
\newbox\astbox \setbox\astbox=\hbox to0pt{\hss\lower1pt\hbox{*}}
\raggedright \tolerance=5000 \hbadness=5000 \parfillskip 0pt plus 3em
\ttglue=.4em
\def\<#1>{\leavevmode\hbox{$\mkern-2mu\langle$#1\/$\rangle$}}
\let\oldcstok=\cstok
\def\cstok{\leavevmode\kern-2pt\oldcstok}
\def\vdots{\vbox{\baselineskip 3\p@\kern2\p@\hbox{.}\hbox{.}\hbox{.}}}
\def\ddots{\mathinner{\mskip1mu\raise5\p@\vbox{\kern2\p@\hbox{.}}\mskip2mu
\raise3\p@\hbox{.}\mskip2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.}\mskip1mu}}
\def\cong{\mathrel{\mathpalette\@v@req\sim}} % congruence sign
\def\@v@req#1#2{\lower.5\p@\vbox{\baselineskip\z@skip\lineskip-.0\p@
\ialign{$\m@th#1\hfil##\hfil$\crcr#2\crcr=\crcr}}}
\def\see{{\sl see\/}~\ignorespaces}
\def\also{\hfil\penalty50\hfilneg{\sl see~also\/}~\ignorespaces}
\let\oldttv=\ttverbatim
\let\+=\relax
\def\sub{\penalty100 \vskip -\parskip \quad}
\def\LaTeX{L\kern -.36em\raise.6ex\hbox{\sixrm A}\kern-.15em\TeX}
\def\ttverbatim{\oldttv \catcode`\*=\other \catcode`\,=\other
\catcode`\.=\other \catcode`\;=\other \catcode`\@=\other \catcode`\+=\other}
\let\comma=, \let\period=. \let\asterisk=* \let\semicolon=;
\def\backup{\leavevmode\kern-1pt}\catcode`\-=11
\catcode`\*=\active \def*{\leavevmode\copy\astbox}
\catcode`\,=\active \def,{\eightrm\comma}
\catcode`\;=\active \def;{\/\eightrm\semicolon}
\catcode`\.=\active \def.{\eightrm\period\par\hangindent 2em }
\catcode`\+=\active \def+#1{\ifcat0\noexpand#1$\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\dp\z@=\z@
\underline{\box\z@}$\let\next=+%
\else\let\next=#1\fi \next}
\catcode`\@=\active \let@=\eightit
\parindent=0pt
\hyphenpenalty=10000 \exhyphenpenalty=10000
\def\newletter{\medbreak\hangindent 2em}
\hangindent 2em
%% ------------------- begin making hyperlinks for index -----------------------
%% FIXME: 页码的下划线都丢失了，需要修改 + 的定义！
%% FIXME: 宏 \pdflinkx 不能包含英文句号，因此不能随意选用颜色！
% modified code
\def,{\eightrm\comma\digitactive}
\def.{\eightrm\period\par\hangindent 2em\digitother}
% added code
\chardef\other=12 \newcount\mycnt
\def\myi{1}\def\myii{2}\def\myiii{3}
\def\myiv{4}\def\myv{5}\def\myvi{6}
\def\myvii{7}\def\myviii{8}\def\myix{9}
\def\digitother{%
\catcode`\1=\other \catcode`\2=\other \catcode`\3=\other
\catcode`\4=\other \catcode`\5=\other \catcode`\6=\other
\catcode`\7=\other \catcode`\8=\other \catcode`\9=\other}
\def\digitactive{%
\catcode`\1=\active \catcode`\2=\active \catcode`\3=\active
\catcode`\4=\active \catcode`\5=\active \catcode`\6=\active
\catcode`\7=\active \catcode`\8=\active \catcode`\9=\active
\scantokens{\let1}\readnumi \scantokens{\let2}\readnumii \scantokens{\let3}\readnumiii
\scantokens{\let4}\readnumiv \scantokens{\let5}\readnumv \scantokens{\let6}\readnumvi
\scantokens{\let7}\readnumvii \scantokens{\let8}\readnumviii \scantokens{\let9}\readnumix}
\def\readnumi{\digitother\afterassignment\makelink\mycnt=\myi}
\def\readnumii{\digitother\afterassignment\makelink\mycnt=\myii}
\def\readnumiii{\digitother\afterassignment\makelink\mycnt=\myiii}
\def\readnumiv{\digitother\afterassignment\makelink\mycnt=\myiv}
\def\readnumv{\digitother\afterassignment\makelink\mycnt=\myv}
\def\readnumvi{\digitother\afterassignment\makelink\mycnt=\myvi}
\def\readnumvii{\digitother\afterassignment\makelink\mycnt=\myvii}
\def\readnumviii{\digitother\afterassignment\makelink\mycnt=\myviii}
\def\readnumix{\digitother\afterassignment\makelink\mycnt=\myix}
\def\makelink{\pdflinkx{page\the\mycnt}{\the\mycnt}\digitactive}
\makexeCJKinactive
%% ------------------- end making hyperlinks for index -------------------------
\] (visible space), +3, 420, 429; \also \<space>, spaces.
*|\|\] (control space), @8, 10, 19, @73, @74, 86--87, 154, @163, @167, 283,
+285, +290, 323, 351, @381.
|#| (hash mark), 38, 51, 113, @200--202, @+203, @204--205, 228, +235, @236--240.
|\#| ( \#\ ), 38, 51, +356.
|##|, 203--205, 228, @359--362, @378--379.
|###|, 88.
|#{|, 204, @401.
|$| (dollar sign), 4, 38, 51, 54, 86--88, @92, 127, @134--135, @185--186,
+269, 283, +287, +293.
|\$| ( \$\ ), 38, 51, @202, @309, +356.
|$$|, 86--89, +185, @186--196, @232, +287, +293, @375--376, @421.
|%| (percent sign), @26, 38, 39, 43, 48, 51, 113, 124, @249, @337, @340, +343.
|\%| ( \%\ ), 38, 43--44, 51, +356.
|%%|, 112--113.
|&| (ampersand), 38, 51, @175--177, @190--196, @231--248, +282, 385--386.
\sub for preloaded formats, +25, 26, 344.
|\&| ( \&\ ), 38, 51, 53, +356.
|&&|, 241--242, @361, @412.
|'| (apostrophe or right quote), 3--5, 51, @130, 155, 201, @305, 324,
+357, 394--395; \also octal.
|\'| (acute accent), @7--9, 52--53, @305, @335, +356, @420.
|''| ( '' ), @3--5, @24, 394--395.
|`| (reverse apostrophe or left quote), 3--5, 51, 132, 134, @305, 391, 394--395;
\also alphabetic constant.
|\`| (grave accent), 8, 52--53, @305, +356.
|``| ( `` ), @3--5, @24, 394--395.
|"| (double quote or ditto mark), 52, 53, 134; \also hexadecimal.
|\"| (dieresis or umlaut accent), @7, 9, @24, @25, 52--53, 55, +356.
|(| (left parenthesis), 51, 134, @140, @145--150, 345.
|\(|, 409.
|)| (right parenthesis), 51, 134, @140, @145--150, 345.
|[| (left bracket), 51, 134, @146--148, 171, @408, @437.
|[]|, +28, @+79, @302.
|[1]|, 23, +119.
|]| (right bracket), 51, 134, @146--147, 171, 345, @408, @437.
|{| (left brace), @13--14, @19--21, 38, 51, @200--202, +203--+204, @205--206,
216, +269, 275--276, +283, +286, +291, @330.
|\{| ( $\{$ ), 134, @146--147, @174--175, +361.
|{}|, @19, @54, 82, 95, 114, @129, 130, 150, 169, @196, @242, 253, 262,
@305, @315, @318, 351, 393.
|}| (right brace), @13--14, @19--21, 38, 51, @200--202, +203--+204, @205--206,
+269, 275--276, +279, 301, @330.
|\}| ( $\}$ ), 134, @146--147, @174--175, +361.
\goodbreak
|+| (plus sign), 51, 132, 268.
|\+| (begin tabbed line), @231--234, 249, 339, +354.
|-| (hyphen or minus), @4, 51, 93, 95, @127, 132, 268.
*|\-| (discretionary hyphen), 95, 283, 287, 292, +455.
|--|, |---|, \see en-dash, em-dash.
$\pm$, \see |\pm|.
$\mp$, \see |\mp|.
|*| (asterisk), 23, 25, 51, 99, 113, 116, @132--133, 154, @326.
|\*| (discretionary $\times$), 173, +357.
|**|, 23, 25, 344.
|/| (slash), 51, @132, @146--147, @320, 430.
*|\/| (italic correction), @14, @64, +287, +292, @306, 382, 455.
\| (vertical line), 52, 53, 132, @146--147, @171, @174, 438.
|\|\| ( $\Vert$ ), @146--147, @171, +361, 435, 438.
|\| (backslash), @7, 38, 39, 40, 51, 146--147, +343, @436.
|\\|, 38, 378, 418.
|<| (less than sign), 52, 53, @133, 150, 154, 209.
\leavevmode{\tt\rlap<\char`\_}, 45, 135, 369; \also |\le|.
|=| (equals sign), 51, @133, 209, 226, 275, @376.
|\=| (macron accent), 52, @53, +356.
$\buildrel \rm def \over=$, 181, @437.
\leavevmode{\tt\rlap/=}, 45, 135, 369; \also |\ne|.
|>| (greater than sign), 52, 53, @133, 150, 209.
|\>| (medium space), 167, 171, +357.
\leavevmode{\tt\rlap>\char`\_}, 45, 135, 369; \also |\ge|.
\<>, \see angle brackets.
|,| (comma), 51, @72--73, @134, @161--162, @172--174, @394--395, 430.
|\,| (thin space), 5, @167--173, 305, +357, @409--410.
|.| (period), 51, @72--73, 133--134, 149, @161, +345, @394--395, 430.
\sub space after, @73--75; +76.
|\.| (dot accent), 52, +356.
$\ldots\,$, \see |\ldots|, ellipses.
$\cdots\,$, \see |\cdots|, ellipses.
\leavevmode\smash{$\vdots\,$}, \see |\vdots|, ellipses.
|;| (semicolon), 51, @134, 161.
|\;| (thick space), 167, 171, +357.
|:| (colon), 51, @133--134, @155, 161, @174, @438.
$:=$, 133.
|?|\hbox{ }(question mark), 31, 51, 73, 161.
|?`|\hbox{ }(open question), 51.
|!|\hbox{ }(exclamation point), 51, @72, 73, 75, @169.
|!`|\hbox{ }(open exclamation), 51.
|\!| (negative thin space), +167, @169, +357.
|_| (underscore), 38, 51, @128--130, 134.
|\_| ( \_ ), 38, @165, +356.
|^| (hat), 38, 51, @128--130, 134, 369, @423.
|\^| (circumflex accent), 52--53, +356.
|^^|, 45, +47, @48, +368, 370, 423.
|^^M| (ASCII \<return>), 45, 249, 331, +343, 345, @348, @352, 380, @390--391,
@421, 423.
|\^^M|, 8, @305, +351.
|~| (tilde), 38, 51, 343, +353; \also ties.
|\~| (tilde accent), 52, +356, 387.
{\tt\char'13\char'14}, 135, 343, 368, 429; \also |\uparrow|, |\downarrow|.
|@| (at sign), 51, 98--99, 132, 134, @344, @364, @408, 414.
|@@|, 98--99.
|\@ne|, +345.
\newletter
|\aa| ( \aa\ ), +356.
|\AA| ( \AA\ ), +356.
abbreviations, @73--74, @340; \also macros.
*|\above| (general fraction), @143, 152, +292, 444--445.
*|\abovedisplayshortskip|, +189, 274, @348, @415.
*|\abovedisplayskip|, +189, +190, 194, 274, 291, @348, @415.
*|\abovewithdelims|, 152, +292, 444--445.
absolute value, @146, @149, @171, @175.
Acc atom, 158, 289, 443.
*|\accent| (general accent), 9, 54, 86, 283, +286.
accents (\'{} \`{} \"{} etc\period), 7, @52--53, @339, +356, 357, 427--429.
\sub as ligatures, 46, 54.
\sub in math, @135--137, 141, 164--165, +359, 435, +443.
\sub on top of accents, 136.
\sub table, 52, 135, 339.
|\active| (category 13), @241, +343, @395, @421.
active character, 37, 40, 209, 241, 307, 377, 380--381, 394--395.
active math character, 155, +289.
active spaces, 381, 394, 421.
|\acute| (math accent: $\acute x$), 135, +359.
acute accent (\'{}), \see |\'|, |\acute|.
|\address|, @403--404, +407.
*|\adjdemerits|, +98, 273, @314, @348.
*|\advance|, @21, @118--119, @218, @256, +276, @355.
|\advancepageno|, 256, @257, +362, @416.
|\ae| ( \ae\ ), vii, 17, 45--46, @52--53, @239, +356.
|\AE| ( \AE\ ), @52--53, +356.
*|\afterassignment|, 215, +279, @352, @364, @376, @401.
*|\aftergroup|, 215, +279, @363, @374, @377, 379.
`ain, \see reverse apostrophe.
al-Khw\^arizm\^\i, abu Ja`far Mu\d{h}ammad ibn M\^us\^a, 53.
|\aleph| ( $\aleph$ ), 9, +358, 435.
Alice, 4, 387, 394.
alignment displays, 190, 193, +291.
\<alignment material>, 282, 285.
alignments, 231--249, +282, 302--303, 385--386, 392; \also tabbing.
Alka-Seltzer, 404--405.
all caps, \see |\uppercase|.
Allen, Todd Andrew, 377.
allocation, 121--122, +346, +347.
|\allocationnumber|, 346.
|\allowbreak|, @174, +353, @396.
|\allowhyphens|, @394, +395.
|\alpha| ( $\alpha$ ), @127, @201, +358, 434.
|\Alpha|, 434.
alphabetic constants, @44--46, 215, +269, 270, 309, +367, 385.
alternatives, \see |\cases|.
|\amalg| ( $\amalg$ ), +358, 436.
American Mathematical Society, ii, vii.
ampersand, +25, 38, 51, @175--177, @190--196, @231--248, +282,
344, 385--386, 428.
\AmSTeX, 164, +420, 434.
anatomy of \TeX, 38--39, +46, 85, +267, 349, 373, 379, 385, 386, +456.
|\angle| ( $\angle$ ), +358, 435.
angle brackets ( $\langle\,\rangle$ ), 59, @146--147, 150, +268, 420,
437; \also |\langle|, |\rangle|.
angstrom unit, \see |\AA|.
|\annotations|, 403, @404, +407.
answers to the exercises, 305--337.
Antisthenes of Athens, 239.
apostrophe, 3--5, 51, @130, 155, 201, 324; \also octal.
|\approx| ( $\approx$ ), 128, 436.
Arabic, 66.
|\arccos| ( $\arccos$ ), 162, +361.
Archytas of Taras, 239.
|\arcsin| ( $\arcsin$ ), 162, 361.
|\arctan| ( $\arctan$ ), 162, 361.
Arenski\u\i, Anton Stepanovich, 410.
|\arg| ( $\arg$ ), 162, 361.
arguments, 33, 200--205, @263, 268, @375--380.
Aristippus of Cyrene, 239.
Aristophanes, 239.
Aristotle, 35.
arithmetic, 117--119, \see |\advance|, |\multiply|, |\divide|.
\<arithmetic>, +276.
arrays, @176--178, \see matrices.
arrows, @146--147, @182, @226, +437.
|\arrowvert| ( $\big\arrowvert$ ), 150, +359.
|\Arrowvert| ( $\big\Arrowvert$ ), 150, +359.
{\sl\backup The Art of Computer Programming}, 259--260.
as is, \see |\obeylines|, |\obeyspaces|, verbatim.
ASCII, 3, 43--45, 49, 214, 343, +367, 371.
\<assignment>, +275.
assignments, 275--278, 373.
|\ast| ( $\ast$ ), 436.
asterisk, 23, 25, 51, 99, 113, 116, @132--133, 154, @326.
|\asymp| ( $\asymp$ ), 436.
|at|, 16--17, 60, 213, 277, @408, @414, 433.
\<at clause>, +277.
at sign, 51, 98--99, 132, 134, @344, @364, @408, 414.
AT\&T, 247.
atoms, 157--159, 170--171, 289--290, 441--447.
\sub table of atomic types, 158.
*|\atop|, @143, @145, 152, @178, +292, +444.
*|\atopwithdelims|, @152, +292, @324, @360, +444.
author, typesetting by, 182, 412--413.
auxiliary spaces, \see ties.
axis line, 150--152, 179, 443--447.
\newletter
|\b| (bar-under accent), 52, +356.
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 408.
Bach, P\period\ D\period\ Q\period, 410--411, 481.
backslash, @7, 38, 39, 40, 51, 146--147, 343, @436.
|\backslash| ( \backup$\backslash$ \backup), @38, @146--147, +359, 435, @436.
backspacing, @66, 82--83, 222, @394--395, @418.
Backus, John Warner, 268.
Bacon, Francis, viscount St\period\ Albans, 41.
Bacon, Leonard, 1.
bad breaks, avoiding, 27--30, 91--94, 173--174, 197.
badness, @28--30, 97--99, 111--113, 302.
*|\badness|, 214, @229, 271.
\<balanced text>, 275, +276, 385.
balancing columns, 386--388, @396--397, @417.
|\bar| (math accent: $\bar x$), 135, @136.
bar accent (\={}), \see |\=|, |\bar|.
bar-under accent (\b{\hbox{ }}), \see |\b|.
Barrett, Percy Reginald, 197.
Barrough, Philip, 229.
baseline, 15, +63, 77, 80--81, 150.
*|\baselineskip| (normal vertical distance between baselines), @78--79, +80,
104, 194, 253, @256, 274, 281, 342, 349, @351--352, @409, @414--415.
*|\batchmode|, +32, +277, 299, @336.
Batey, Charles, 197.
beauty, 1.
Beck, Simone, 233, 236.
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 408, 410--411.
Beeton, Barbara Ann Neuhaus Friend Smith, 483.
|\beginchapter|, 418.
*|\begingroup|, 21, @249, @262, +279, @380, @407, @419.
|\beginsection|, @340--341, +355.
*|\belowdisplayshortskip|, +189, 274, @348, @415.
*|\belowdisplayskip|, +189, +190, 194, 274, 291, @348, @415.
Bemer, Robert William, \see TEX, ASCII.
bent bars, \see angle brackets.
Bertholle, Louisette, 233, 236.
|\beta| ( $\beta$ ), @127, 434.
|\Beta|, 434.
|\bf| (use {\bf boldface} type), @13--14, @164--165, @328, +351, @409,
@414--415.
|\bffam|, +351, @414--415.
|\bgroup| (implicit |{|), 269, +351, @363, 382, +385, @407, @421.
Bibby, Duane Robert, i.
Biblical references, 303, @311.
bibliographies, 4, @74, 93, @340--341.
|\big| (largish delimiter), 147, 171, @320, @359, +360, @414--415.
|\Big| (between |\big| and |\bigg|), 147, 175, @359, +360.
big-$O$ notation, 132, @161--162, @169.
big point, 57, \see |bp|.
|\bigbreak|, 111, 116, +353, @363.
|\bigcap| (large $\cap$), 147, 435.
|\bigcirc| ( $\bigcirc$ ), 436.
|\bigcup| (large $\cup$), 147, 435.
|\bigg| (large delimiter), @147, 175, 196, 327, @359, +360.
|\Bigg| (larger than |\bigg|), 147, 175, @359, +360.
|\bigggl|, |\bigggr|, 324.
|\biggl| (|\bigg| left delimiter), 147, @149, +359, 437.
|\Biggl| (|\Bigg| left delimiter), 147, 149, +359, 437.
|\biggm| (|\bigg| middle delimiter), 147, +359.
|\Biggm| (|\Bigg| middle delimiter), 147, +359.
|\biggr| (|\bigg| right delimiter), 147, @149, +359.
|\Biggr| (|\Bigg| right delimiter), 147, 149, +359.
|\bigl| (|\big| left delimiter), @146--147, 149--150, 155, 171, @175, +359, 437.
|\Bigl| (|\Big| left delimiter), 147, +359, 437.
|\bigm| (|\big| middle delimiter), 147, +359, 171, @175.
|\Bigm| (|\Big| middle delimiter), 147, +359.
|\bigodot| (large $\odot$), 435.
|\bigoplus| (large $\oplus$), 435.
|\bigotimes| (large $\otimes$), 435.
|\bigr| (|\big| right delimiter), @146--147, 149--150, 171, @175, +359.
|\Bigr| (|\Big| right delimiter), 147, +359.
|\bigskip|, 70, 109, 111, 115--116, +352, @355, @407, @410--412.
|\bigskipamount|, 123, +349, @352--353, @363.
|\bigsqcup| (large $\sqcup$), 435.
|\bigtriangledown| ( $\bigtriangledown$ ), 436.
|\bigtriangleup| ( $\bigtriangleup$ ), 436.
|\bigtype|, 408--409, 411.
|\biguplus| (large $\uplus$), +358, 435.
|\bigvee| (large $\vee$), 435.
|\bigwedge| (large $\wedge$), 435.
Bill, 387, 394.
Bin atom, 158, 170--171, 289, 442--444, 446.
binary operations, @132--133, 154--155, 164, 196, 358, 435, +436;
\also Bin atom.
binary search, 387--388.
binomial coefficient, 143, \see |\choose|.
*|\binoppenalty|, 101, 174, 272, 322, @348, +446.
black box, 64, +221, +222.
blackboard bold (e\period g\period, $\rm I\!R$), 164, 434.
blank line in input file, 24, 37, +47, @340--341, 381.
blank space, \see spaces.
Blase B\"ohning, Maria Dorothea, 248.
block structure, \see grouping.
block style, 405--407.
|\bmit| (boldface math italic), 156.
|\bmod| ( $\bmod$ ), @164, 322, +361.
|\body|, @403--404, +407.
Boehm, Peter James, 159.
B\"ohning, Jobst Heinrich, 248.
B\"ohning, Martin John Henry, 248.
Bohning Knuth, Louise Marie, 248.
boldface, 13, 156, 164--165, 386.
book design, 412.
book preparation, 303, 425.
|\bordermatrix|, @177, +361.
|\bot| ( $\bot$ ), 435.
*|\botmark|, 213, +258, 259--260, @262--263, 280.
boundary item, 157, 442, 446.
Bourbaki, Nicolas, 106.
|\bowtie| ( $\bowtie$ ), +358, 436.
\<box>, 120, 222, +278, 282, 285, 290.
*|\box| (use box register), 120--122, 151, 222, +278, 346, @354, @386, @387.
|\box255|, 125, 253--258.
\<box dimension>, +271, 277.
box displays, 66, 75, 79, 158--159, 302, 455.
box memory, 300, 394.
\<box or rule>, +281.
\<box size assignment>, +277.
\<box specification>, 222, +278.
\cstok{boxed} control sequence names, 38.
boxed material, @223, @420.
boxes, 63--67, 77--83, 221--229.
*|\boxmaxdepth|, +81, 113, 249, @255, 274, @348.
|bp| (big point), +57, 270.
|\brace| (notation like $n\brace k$), +360.
|\braceld|, |\bracelu|, |\bracerd|, |\braceru| (pieces of horizontal braces),
@+357.
braces, 51, 216, +269, 275--276, 279, 283, 286, 289--291, 330, 345, 385--386.
\sub for arguments to macros, @20, @200--202, +203, +204, @205--206, 385--386.
\sub for grouping, @13--14, @19--21, 232, 248, 253.
\sub horizontal, @176, 225--226, @339.
\sub implicit, +269, \see |\bgroup|, |\egroup|.
\sub in math formulas, @145--147, @174--176.
|\bracevert| ( $\big\bracevert$ ), 150, +359.
|\brack| (notation like $n\brack k$), +360.
brackets, 51, 134, @146--148, 171, @408, @437.
|\break| (force line or page break), 94, 97, 106, 114, 193, +353.
breakpoints, +96, 97--100, +110, 111--114, 394.
\sub avoiding bad, 27--30, 91--94, 109--111, 173--174, 197.
\sub discretionary, @95--96, 173, +287, +292, @357.
\sub forcing good, 94, 105, 109--111, 114.
\sub in displays, 195--197.
\sub in formulas, 173--174, 446--447.
|\breve| (math accent: $\breve x$), 135.
breve accent (\u{}), \see |\u|, |\breve|.
British pound sign, 54.
brochures, 251.
*|\brokenpenalty|, +104, 105, 272, @348.
Brooks, Frederick Phillips, Jr\period, 365.
Brown, Peter John, 425.
|\buildrel|, +361, @437.
built-up (extensible) characters, 442.
built-up fractions, \see |\over|.
|\bull| ( $\bull$ ), +420.
Bull, John, 239.
|\bullet| ( $\bullet$ ), @133, 154, @355, 436.
bulleted lists, 102, 105.
business correspondence, 200, 403--408.
|by|, @118, +276.
|\bye|, 87--88, @340, +357.
Byron, George Gordon No\"el Byron, baron, vii.
\newletter
|\c| (cedilla accent), @24--25, 52, +356.
|\cal| (calligraphic caps), 164, +351, 431, 434.
calculus, 168--169, 180--181.
camera alignment, 416--417.
|\cap| ( $\cap$ ), 133, 436.
capacity of \TeX, 100, 300--301, 383.
caps and small caps, 203.
captions, 115.
caret, 369.
caron, \see h\'a\v cek.
carriage return, 231, \see \<return>, |\cr|.
|\cases| ( $\bigl\{{\cdots\atop\cdots}$ ), 175, +362.
Caswell, Herbert Ernest, 413.
*|\catcode|, @39, 134, 214, +271, 305, @343, @380--382, @384, @390--391,
@421, @424.
category codes, 37--40, +47, 48, 203--205, 209--210, 214, 381.
\sub table, 37.
|cc| (cicero), 57, 270.
|\cdot| ( $\cdot$ ), @133, @172, 319, 436.
|\cdotp|, 358, +359, 438.
|\cdots| ( $\cdots$ ), @172, @176, @180--181, +359, 438.
cedilla accent (\c{\ }), 25, 52, 54, \see |\c|.
ceiling brackets ( $\lceil\,\rceil$ ), 146--147, \see |\lceil|, |\rceil|.
centering, 71, 233, 236.
|\centering|, +347, 348, 362.
|\centerline| (make a centered line), @20, @24, 33, 71, 85, 101, @117, 232,
311, @340, +353.
|\cents| ( \hbox{\rm\rlap/c} ), 140, +319.
Ces\`aro, Ernesto, 53.
Cha\u\i kovski\u\i, P\"etr Il'ich, 410--411.
*|\char|, @43--46, 76, 86, 155, 283, +286, 289, @340, @427, 452.
\<character>, +289.
character codes, 43--46, 367--370; \also category codes.
\<character token>, +270.
*|\chardef|, 44, 121, 155, 210, 214, 215, 272, +277, 336, @343, @345, 452.
\<chardef token>, +271, 272.
Charles XII of Sweden, 92.
Chaundy, Theodore William, 197.
|\check| (math accent: $\check x$), 135.
check accent (\v{}), \see |\v|, |\check|.
chemical typesetting, 179.
Cherry, Lorinda Landgraf, 159.
|\chi| ( $\chi$ ), 1, 434.
Chicago, University of, Press, 125, 293, 418, 439.
Child, Julia, 233, 236.
Children's Television Workshop, ii.
choice, four-way, 157, +292, +442.
|\choose| (notation like \setbox0=\hbox{$n\choose k$}\dp0=0pt\box0),
139, 143, 152, 178, +360.
Christie Mallowan, Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa (Miller), 249.
cicero, \see |cc|.
|\circ| ( $\circ$ ), @133, @323, 436.
circles, \see |\circ|, |\bigcirc|.
circular quotation, 101.
circumflex, 369, \see hat.
circumflex accent (\^{}), 52, +356, \see |\^|.
classes of math characters, table, 154.
*|\cleaders|, +224, 225--226, @357, @374.
|\cleartabs|, @234, +354.
Close atom, 158, 170--171, 289, 443--444, 446.
*|\closein|, 217, 280.
*|\closeout|, 226--228, 254, +280, @422.
|\closing|, @403--404, +407.
closings, 134, 147, 154--155, 359, +437; \also Close atom.
club lines, 104, 272, 398.
*|\clubpenalty|, 104, 113, 272, 317, @348, @419.
|\clubsuit| ( $\clubsuit$ ), 435.
|cm| (centimeter), @24, +57, 270.
|cmbx| fonts, 60, 350, 413, 428, 433.
|cmex| fonts, 157, 225, 350, 432--433.
|cmmi| fonts, 350--351, 413--414, 430, 433.
|cmr| fonts, 16--17, 60, 63--64, 76, 350, 413, 427, 433.
|cmsl| fonts, 63--64, 350, 413, 428, 433.
|cmsy| fonts, 157, 350--351, 413--414, 431.
|cmti| fonts, 350, 413, 428, 433.
|cmtt| fonts, 60, 350, 413--414, 429, 433.
\<code assignment>, +277.
\<codename>, +271.
codes for characters, 43--46, 367--370.
Coelho, Manuel Rodrigues, 239.
coerce \<dimen> to \<number>, 270.
coerce \<glue> to \<dimen>, 270.
coerce \<number> to \<dimen>, 336.
\<coerced dimen>, +270.
\<coerced integer>, +269.
\<coerced mudimen>, +270.
collective signs, \see large operators.
colon, 51, @133--134, @155, 161, @174, @438.
|\colon| ( $\colon$ ), @134, +359, @438.
color, 229.
column vector, 177.
column width, 29, 231, @257, @387, 417.
|\columns|, 231, 354.
comma, 51, @72--73, @134, @161--162, @172--174, @394--395, 430.
commands, 267--293.
comments, 26, 47, 337, @340.
communication between macros, 211, 328--329, 375--376, 407--408.
commutative diagram, @182.
composing stick, 64--65.
compound fraction, @143.
compound matrix, @181.
Computer Modern fonts, 16, 350, 427--438.
computer programs, 38, 165, @234.
concert programs, 408--412.
conditionals, 206--208, +209, +210, 211, 240, @308, @384.
|\cong| ( $\cong$ ), 151, 360, 436.
constants, +269, 270, 308.
continued fractions, @142.
\<control sequence>, +275, 277.
control sequences, 7--11, +46, 199, 457.
\sub misspelled, 31--32.
control space (|\|\]), @8, 10, 19, @73, @74, 86--87, 154, @163, @167, 283,
+285, +290, 351, @381.
control symbols, 7--8, 46--47.
control words, 7--8, 38, 46--47, 204.
coordinates, 389.
|\coprod| (large $\amalg$), 435.
*|\copy| (copy a box), 120, 151, +222, 278, @329, @374, @386, @407.
|\copyright| ( \copyright\ ), ii, @308, 339, +356.
Cornet, Peeter, 239.
Correa de Arauxo, Francisco, 239.
correspondence, 200, 403--408.
|\cos| ( $\cos$ ), 162, 361.
|\cosh| ( $\cosh$ ), 162, 361.
cost of a page break, 111--113, 124.
|\cot| ( $\cot$ ), 162, 361.
|\coth| ( $\coth$ ), 162, 361.
*|\count| registers, 118--122, 207--208, +271, +276, @346--347, @379.
\sub |\count0|, +119, @207, 252--254, +362.
*|\countdef|, 119, 121, 210, 215, 271, +277, @346--347.
\<countdef token>, +271.
Cowper, William, 35.
*|\cr| (end of aligned row), @175--177, @190--197, @231--238, +245, +248,
275, 282, 351, 352, 385--386, @412, @418, @421.
\sub avoiding, 249.
cramped styles, 140--141, 445.
*|\crcr| (force |\cr|), 249, 275, 282, @361--362, 385, @412, @421.
Crocker, Betty, 425.
cross, \see |\dag| (~\dag~), |\times| (~$\times$~).
crotchets, \see brackets.
|\csc| ( $\csc$ ), 162, 361.
*|\csname|, 40--41, +213, @348, @375.
|\csname\endcsname|, 46, 308.
cube root, @130--131.
Cummings, Edward Estlin, 49.
|\cup| ( $\cup$ ), 133, 436.
curly braces, \see braces.
current font, 13, 20, 154, 163, 213--214.
current page, 112, 122--125, 278, 280.
cyclic preambles, +241, @242, @246, @361, @412.
Cyrillic characters, 370.
\newletter
|\d| (dot-under accent), 52--53, +356.
|\dag| ( \dag\ ), 53, 117, +356, 438--439.
|\dagger| ($\dagger$ as binary operator), 436, 439.
Dale, Robert William, 283.
|\danger|, 419.
dangerous bend, v--vi, 5, 15, 44--45, 70, 419.
Danish characters, 45--46, 52--53, 370.
|\dash|, 30.
dashes, 4, @26, @30, 51, 93, 95.
|\dashv| ( $\dashv$ ), 436.
date, today's, 406.
*|\day|, 273, 349, @406.
|dd| (didot point), +57, 270, 272.
|\ddag| ( \ddag\ ), 117, +356, 438--439.
|\ddagger| ($\ddagger$ as binary operator), 436, 439.
|\ddot| (math accent: $\ddot x$), 135, +359.
|\ddots| ( \smash{$\ddots$} ), 177, +359.
|\ddt| (debugging aid), 248.
De Vinne, Theodore Low, 107.
*|\deadcycles|, 214, +255, 264, 271, 283, @401.
debugging, 205, 248, 298--303, 347.
decent lines, 97, 99.
\<decimal constant>, +270.
decimal points, 57, 134, 240.
\<def>, +275.
*|\def|, 44, 136, 199--208, 215, 275--276.
default output routine, 253--255.
default rule thickness, 443--447.
default values of parameters, 348--349.
*|\defaulthyphenchar|, 273, @348.
*|\defaultskewchar|, 273, @348.
defining a control sequence, 199--208.
\<definition>, +275.
\<definition text>, +275.
|\deg| ( $\deg$ ), 162, 361.
degrees ( $^\circ$ ), @180.
*|\delcode|, +156, 214, 271, +290, @345.
\<delete> (ASCII code 127), 37, 39, 343, 369.
deleting tokens, 32, 215, @295--297.
\<delim>, 289--290.
delimited arguments and parameters, 203--205, 249, @263, @375--377, @407.
*|\delimiter|, +156, 289--290, @359.
*|\delimiterfactor|, 152, 273, @348, +446.
delimiters, 145--150, 156--157, @171, +290, 437, +442.
*|\delimitershortfall|, 152, 274, @348, +446.
|\delta| ( $\delta$ ), @127, 434.
|\Delta| ( $\Delta$ ), @169, @186, 434.
demerits, 94, 97--99, 273, @451.
denominator, 141, 152, 179, 444--445.
|depth|, 221, 224, +282, 337.
depth of a box, 63--67, 77, 80--82, 225.
Derek, Bo, 293.
descenders, 63, 113, 319, 323.
design size, 16--17, 213.
|\det| ( $\det$ ), 162, +361.
device-independent output, 23; \also |.dvi|.
Diabelli, Antonio, 408.
diagnostic form of lists, 66, 75, 79, 158--159, 302, 455.
dialogs with the user, 217--218.
|\diamond| ( $\diamond$ ), 436.
diamond leaders, viii.
|\diamondsuit| ( $\diamondsuit$ ), 435.
D\'\i az de la Pe\~na, Maximiliano Antonio Tem\'\i stocles, 384.
Dick and Jane, 72--74, 76.
Dictionaries, 259, 449--453.
Didot, Fran\c cois Ambroise, 57.
didot point, 57, \see |dd|.
dieresis (\"{}), +52, 53, 356, \see |\"|.
diesis ( \ddag\ ), \see |\ddag|.
Dieter, Ulrich Otto, 14.
\<digit>, +269.
\<digit string>, 57.
digits, 51, 132, 435, 453.
\sub width of, 60, 241, 427.
|\dim| ( $\dim$ ), 162, 361.
\<dimen>, 59, 61, 71, 118, +270, 271.
\<dimen parameter>, 271, +274, 276.
*|\dimen| registers, 118--122, +271, +276, @346--347, @349, @360, @363, @395.
\<dimen variable>, +276.
*|\dimendef|, 119, 215, +277, @346--347.
\<dimendef token>, +271.
dimensions, 57--61.
\sub as arguments, 204, 362.
Dionysius I of Syracuse, 239.
diphthongs, \see |\ae|, |\oe|.
discardable items, 95, 110--112, 124, @393.
*|\discretionary|, 95--96, 283, 286, +287, +292.
discretionary hyphens, 28, 95--96, 453, +455.
discretionary multiplication signs, 173, +357.
display math mode, 85--89, 289--293.
display style, 140--142, 441--447.
*|\displayindent|, 188, 190, 274, 291, 349.
*|\displaylimits|, 144, 159, +292, 443.
|\displaylines|, 194, @196, +362.
displays, 87, 103, @139--145, @166--167, 185--197, @232, @241, 315.
\sub at beginning of paragraph, 316.
\sub non-centered, 186, 326, 375--376, 420--421.
\sub positioning of, +188--+190.
*|\displaystyle|, 141--142, +292, @362.
*|\displaywidowpenalty|, 104, 272, @348.
*|\displaywidth|, 188, 190, 274, 349.
Disraeli [Beaconsfield], Benjamin, earl, 219.
ditto mark, 53, 441.
|\div| ( $\div$ ), 436.
*|\divide|, @118--119, @218--219, +276, @391, @397, @398, @417.
|\do|, 344, 380, 423.
dollar sign, 4, 38, 51, 54, 86--88, @92, 127, @134--135, @185--186, 283,
+287, +293.
Donnelley, Richard Robert, vii.
|\dospecials|, +344, 380, 422--423.
|\dosupereject|, 256, +364.
|\dot| (math accent: $\dot x$), 135.
dot accent (\.{}), \see |\.|, |\dot|.
dot-under accent (\d{\hbox{ }}), \see |\d|.
|\doteq| ( $\doteq$ ), +361, 436.
|\dotfill| (\hbox to 4em{\dotfill}), 244, @334, @335, @340--341, +357.
dotless letters, 52--53, 136, 435.
|\dots| ( \dots\ ), 173, +356; \also ellipses.
double-column format, @257, 386--388, @417.
double dagger, \see |\ddag|, |\ddagger|.
double dangerous-bend signs, vi, 419.
double integrals, @169, @180.
double quote mark, 52, 53, 134; \also hexadecimal.
*|\doublehyphendemerits|, 98, 273, @348, @451.
|\downarrow| ( $\downarrow$ ), @146--147, @182, +359, 437.
|\Downarrow| ( $\Downarrow$ ), @146--147, +359, 437.
|\downbracefill| (\hbox to 4em{\downbracefill}), 225--226, 331, +357.
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 401.
*|\dp|, 120, 271, @316, +388--+389, @417.
dragon curve, 391.
Drofnats, Revinu Jitis, 24, 27--28, 73--74, 404--406, 408, 410--412.
Dudeney, Henry Ernest, 249, 334.
Dull, Brutus Cyclops, 131, 173, 260.
|\dummy|, 401.
*|\dump|, +283, +286, 336, @344.
Durant, William James, 239.
|.dvi|, 23, 43, 60, 119, 213, 228, 254, 279, 280, 302, 367, 374.
Dvo\v r\'ak, Anton\'\i n Leopold, 409.
$dx$, @168.
\newletter
EBCDIC, 43.
*|\edef|, @215--216, 275, @328, @348, @373--374.
editing, 34, 139, 197.
efficiency, 329, 333, 342, 345, 347, 383, 384, 394, 400, 423.
|\egroup| (implicit |}|), 269, +351, @363, 382, +385, @407, @421.
Ehlert, Ernst Fred, 248.
Ehlert Bohning, Pauline Anna Marie, 248.
|\eightpoint|, +415, @416.
|\eject| (force page break), @24--25, 105, 109, 189, +353, @418, @419.
elbows, \see angle brackets.
|\ell| ( $\ell$ ), 132, 435.
ellipses ( $\cdots$ ), 73, 172--174, 176--177, 180--182, 245.
Elphinstone, Mountstuart, 89.
*|\else|, 207, 210, +213.
|em|, 60, 154, 166, 214, +270, @352, @414, 433.
em-dash ( --- ), 4, 302.
em quad, \see |\quad|.
embellished letters, \see accents.
emergency stops, 299--300.
*|\emergencystretch|, +107, 274.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 41.
emphatics, \see dot-under.
\<empty>, +268.
|\empty|, @263, +351, @378.
empty discretionary, 95, 286.
empty group, 19, 253, 305.
empty line in input file, 24, 37, +47, @340--341, 381.
\sub at end of file, 217.
empty line in output, 114, 316.
empty page, 114.
|\emptyset| ( $\emptyset$ ), 128, 435.
en-dash ( -- ), 4, 187, 252, 314.
en quad, 71, \see |\enspace|.
*|\end|, 23, 26, @27, 87, +264, +283, 286, 299, @336, @403.
end of an input file, 206, 214, 217.
end of file line, \see \<return>, |\cr|.
end of file page, \see \<formfeed>.
end of paragraph, 286, \see |\par|.
|\endchapter|, 418--419.
*|\endcsname|, 40--41, +213, 283, @348, @375.
endgame, 87, 264, 283.
|\endgraf|, @262, 286, @331, +351, @407, @416, @419.
*|\endgroup|, 21, @249, @262, +279, @380, @407, @419.
*|\endinput|, 47, +214.
|\endinsert|, 115--116, +363.
|\endletter|, @403--404, +407.
|\endline|, +351.
*|\endlinechar|, +48, 273, @331, +348, @390--391.
|\endtemplate|, 240.
|\enskip|, 71, +352.
|\enspace|, @202, +352, @419.
enumerated cases, in formulas, 175.
\sub in separate paragraphs, @102, @340.
\sub within a paragraph, 92.
enunciations, \see |\proclaim|.
epigraphs, 418--419, 425.
|\epsilon| ( $\epsilon$ ), 1, 128, 434.
|\eqalign|, @190--191, 193, 242, 326, +362.
|\eqalignno|, @192--193, 194, +362.
\<eqno>, +293.
*|\eqno|, @186--187, 189--191, 193, +293, 375--376.
\<equals>, +275, 276--277.
equals sign, 51, @133, 209, 226, 275, @376.
equation numbers, 186--196.
|\equiv| ( $\equiv$ ), @133, 436.
Erd\H os, P\'al (= Paul), 53.
*|\errhelp|, 275, +280, @347.
*|\errmessage|, 216, +279--+280, @347, @418.
error messages, 30--33, 295--301, 308--309.
error recovery, 31--32, 46, 215, 295--303, 309.
*|\errorcontextlines|, +34, 273, @348.
*|\errorstopmode|, +32, +33, +277, 299.
es-zet ( \ss\ ), \see |\ss|.
\<escape> (ASCII code 27), 369.
escape character, 7, 37, 421.
*|\escapechar|, 40, 213, +228, 273, @308, +348, @377.
|\eta| ( $\eta$ ), 434.
|etc.|, 302.
Eulerian numbers, 152.
Evagoras of Salamis, 239.
even-numbered pages, 252--253, @416.
*|\everycr|, 275, @362.
*|\everydisplay|, 179, 275, +287, @326.
*|\everyhbox|, 275, 279.
*|\everyjob|, 275.
*|\everymath|, 179, 275, +287, +293, 326.
*|\everypar|, @105, 215, 253, @262, 275, +282, +283, @333, @381, @407, @421.
*|\everyvbox|, 275, 279.
|ex|, 60, 154, +270, @356, 433.
exception dictionary, 449, 452--453.
exclamation point, 51, @72, 73, 75, 161, @169.
|\exercise|, 10, +422.
exercises, vii, 1--303.
*|\exhyphenpenalty|, +96, @262, 272, @348.
|\exists| ( $\exists$ ), 435.
|\exp| ( $\exp$ ), 162, 361.
*|\expandafter|, @40, +213, 215, @260, @308, @330, @348, @374--380.
expansion of expandable tokens, 212--216, 238, 267, 373--374.
\sub avoiding, 216, 262--263, 377.
explicit hyphens, 4, 93, 454.
explicit kerns, 40, 280, 306, 454--455.
exponents, \see superscripts.
extensible characters, 442.
extension fonts, 157, @351, 432--433, 441, 447.
extensions to \TeX, 226, 228--229.
eyestrain, reducing, 59.
\newletter
faces, 13, 17, 390.
\<factor>, 270.
factorial, @169, @181.
*|\fam|, 154--159, 273, +289--+290, 346--347, @351, 358, @414--415.
families, 153--159, 289--290, 346, 431, 442.
\<family assignment>, +277.
\<family member>, +271, 277.
family tree, 248.
family 0 (math roman fonts), 153--157, @351.
family 1 (math italic fonts), 155--157, @351.
family 2 (math symbol fonts), 157, @351, 431, 441, 447.
family 3 (math extension fonts), 157, @351, 432--433, 441, 447.
{\tt Fatal format file error}, 299.
feasible breakpoints, 99, 315.
fences, \see openings, closings, delimiters.
ffl, \see ligatures.
*|\fi|, 207, 210, +213.
Fibonacci, Leonardo, of Pisa, 166.
fields of atoms, 158--159, 289--291.
|fil|, 72, 118--119, +271, @348, @394.
\<fil dimen>, +271.
\<fil unit>, +271.
|\filbreak|, 111, +353.
\<file name>, 214, 216, 226, 277, +278.
file names, 25, 214, 216--217, 226, 278.
file pages, 343.
file types, \see |.dvi|, |.fmt|, |.tfm|, |.tex|, log file, terminal.
|fill|, 72, 118--119, +271, @347.
fill page with blank space, \see |\vfill|.
\<filler>, +276, 278, 280--282, 289.
|filll|, 72, 118, +271, @332.
*|\finalhyphendemerits|, 98, @106, 273, @348, @451.
*|\firstmark|, 213, +258, 259--260, 280.
|\fiverm|, 153, +350, @351, @414--415.
|\flat| ( $\flat$ ), @409, 435.
floating insertions, 115--116, 125, @363.
*|\floatingpenalty|, 123--125, 272, 281, @363.
floor brackets ( $\lfloor\,\rfloor$ ), 146--147, \see |\lfloor|, |\rfloor|.
flush left, 72, 142, 177, 181, 196.
flush right, 71--72, 106, 142, 177, 196, 233, 419.
|.fmt|, 39, 344.
|\fmtname| and |\fmtversion|, 364.
|\folio| (typeset page number), 252--253, +362, @406, @416.
\<font>, +213, 214, 271, 277.
*|\font|, 16--17, 60, 210, +213, 214--215, 271, +276.
\<font assignment>, +277.
font metric files, 46, 433.
\<font range>, +271.
\<fontdef token>, +271.
*|\fontdimen|, 76, 157, @179, 214, +271, +277, @355--356, @375, @390, +433,
441, 447.
*|\fontname|, 213, 214.
fonts, 13--17; \also Computer Modern fonts.
|\footins|, 256, +363, 396--399, @416.
|\footline|, 252, 256, @340--341, +362.
|\footnote|, 82, 116, 251, 256, 340, +363, 382, 416.
|\footnoterule|, 256, +364.
footnotes, 105, @116--117, 121, 125, @173, 416--417.
\sub short, 395--400.
|\forall| ( $\forall$ ), 435.
forbidden control sequence, 206.
Ford, Patrick Kildea, 293.
foreign languages, 45--46, 52--54, 370, 387, 449, 451.
form letters, 200, 207--209.
format file, 25--26, 39, 283, 344.
format-independent documents, 194, 203.
formats, 11, 39, 200, 403--425, 434.
\<formfeed> (ASCII code 12), 343, 369.
formulas, 127--199.
Foss, Sam Walter, 439.
fractions, 67, 139--143, 152, 170, 179, 186, 332, 444--445.
\sub huge, 196.
\sub slashed form, 67, 139--140, 233, 236.
Fraktur, 164, 434.
Franklin, Benjamin, 65.
French, 54, 340--341, 455.
|\frenchspacing|, 74, @340, +351, 381, 401.
Frescobaldi, Girolamo, 239.
front matter, 413.
|\frown| ( $\frown$ ), 436.
full stop, \see period.
|\fullhsize|, 257.
|\fullline|, 257.
funny space, 377.
*|\futurelet|, +207, 215, @262, 277, @363, @375--377, @423.
|\futurenonspacelet|, 376.
\newletter
Galilei, Galileo, 101.
galley file, 303, 425.
Gamble, James, 38.
|\gamma| ( $\gamma$ ), @127, 434.
|\Gamma| ( $\Gamma$ ), @127, @169, +358, 434.
|\gcd| ( $\gcd$ ), 162, @192, 361.
*|\gdef|, +206, 215, 275, @352, @407.
|\ge| ( $\ge$ ), 9, 45, @175, 318, +361, 438.
\<general text>, +276, 277, 279, 280, 287, 292.
generalized fraction, 152, 157, +292, +444--+445.
generic coding, 194, 203.
generic matrix, 177, 245.
|\geq| ( $\geq$ ), 318, 436.
German, 52, 96, 451.
German black letters, \see Fraktur.
|\getfactor|, +375.
|\gets| ( $\gets$ ), +361, 438.
|\gg| ( $\gg$ ), 436.
Gibbon, Edward, 117.
*|\global|, @21, 119, 206, @218, 232, 256, +275, 301, 307, 320, 346.
\<global assignment>, 179, +277.
*|\globaldefs|, 238, 273, +275.
glue, 63, 69--83, 95, 110, 157, 222--225, 302, 412.
\sub above and below displays, 189--190, 194.
\sub at top of page, 113--114, 124, 256.
\sub between aligned columns, 237--239, 247, 392.