diff --git a/Project.toml b/Project.toml
index 008a5fdd1..b7361ed72 100644
--- a/Project.toml
+++ b/Project.toml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ NNlibCUDA = "a00861dc-f156-4864-bf3c-e6376f28a68d"
 NearestNeighbors = "b8a86587-4115-5ab1-83bc-aa920d37bbce"
 Random = "9a3f8284-a2c9-5f02-9a11-845980a1fd5c"
 Reexport = "189a3867-3050-52da-a836-e630ba90ab69"
+SnoopPrecompile = "66db9d55-30c0-4569-8b51-7e840670fc0c"
 SparseArrays = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"
 Statistics = "10745b16-79ce-11e8-11f9-7d13ad32a3b2"
 StatsBase = "2913bbd2-ae8a-5f71-8c99-4fb6c76f3a91"
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ NNlib = "0.8"
 NNlibCUDA = "0.2"
 NearestNeighbors = "0.4"
 Reexport = "1"
+SnoopPrecompile = "1"
 StatsBase = "0.33"
 julia = "1.7"
 
diff --git a/invalidations.jl b/invalidations.jl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d41a2b12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/invalidations.jl
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+using SnoopCompileCore
+
+invalidations = @snoopr begin 
+    using GraphNeuralNetworks
+    using Flux
+    # using CUDA
+    # using Graphs
+    # using Random, Statistics, LinearAlgebra
+end
+
+function workload()
+    num_graphs = 3
+    gs = [rand_graph(5, 10) for _ in 1:num_graphs]
+    g = Flux.batch(gs)
+    x = rand(Float32, 4, g.num_nodes)
+    model = GNNChain(GCNConv(4 => 4, relu), 
+                     GCNConv(4 => 4), 
+                     GlobalPool(max), 
+                     Dense(4, 1))
+    y = model(g, x)
+    # @assert size(y) == (1, num_graphs)
+end
+
+tinf = @snoopi_deep begin
+    workload()
+end
+
+using SnoopCompile
+trees = invalidation_trees(invalidations)
+staletrees = precompile_blockers(trees, tinf)
+
+@show length(uinvalidated(invalidations))  # show total invalidations
+
+show(trees[end])  # show the most invalidating method
+
+# Count number of children (number of invalidations per invalidated method)
+n_invalidations = map(SnoopCompile.countchildren, trees)
+
+# (optional) plot the number of children per method invalidations
+import Plots
+Plots.plot(
+    1:length(trees),
+    n_invalidations;
+    markershape=:circle,
+    xlabel="i-th method invalidation",
+    label="Number of children per method invalidations"
+)
+
+# (optional) report invalidations summary
+using PrettyTables  # needed for `report_invalidations` to be defined
+SnoopCompile.report_invalidations(;
+     invalidations,
+     process_filename = x -> last(split(x, ".julia/packages/")),
+     n_rows = 0,  # no-limit (show all invalidations)
+  )
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/GNNGraphs/gatherscatter.jl b/src/GNNGraphs/gatherscatter.jl
index f7aeadf29..c1f781260 100644
--- a/src/GNNGraphs/gatherscatter.jl
+++ b/src/GNNGraphs/gatherscatter.jl
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ _gather(x::Tuple, i) = map(x -> _gather(x, i), x)
 _gather(x::AbstractArray, i) = NNlib.gather(x, i)
 _gather(x::Nothing, i) = nothing
 
-_scatter(aggr, src::Nothing, idx, n) = nothing
-_scatter(aggr, src::NamedTuple, idx, n) = map(s -> _scatter(aggr, s, idx, n), src)
-_scatter(aggr, src::Tuple, idx, n) = map(s -> _scatter(aggr, s, idx, n), src)
-_scatter(aggr, src::Dict, idx, n) = Dict(k => _scatter(aggr, v, idx, n) for (k, v) in src)
+_scatter(aggr::A, src::Nothing, idx, n) where A = nothing
+_scatter(aggr::A, src::NamedTuple, idx, n) where A = map(s -> _scatter(aggr, s, idx, n), src)
+_scatter(aggr::A, src::Tuple, idx, n) where A = map(s -> _scatter(aggr, s, idx, n), src)
+_scatter(aggr::A, src::Dict, idx, n) where A = Dict(k => _scatter(aggr, v, idx, n) for (k, v) in src)
 
 function _scatter(aggr,
                   src::AbstractArray,
diff --git a/src/GraphNeuralNetworks.jl b/src/GraphNeuralNetworks.jl
index 06dfa178a..c02f10046 100644
--- a/src/GraphNeuralNetworks.jl
+++ b/src/GraphNeuralNetworks.jl
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module GraphNeuralNetworks
 
 using Statistics: mean
 using LinearAlgebra, Random
-using Base: tail
+using Base: tail, Fix1, Fix2
 using CUDA
 using Flux
 using Flux: glorot_uniform, leakyrelu, GRUCell, @functor, batch
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ using NNlib, NNlibCUDA
 using NNlib: scatter, gather
 using ChainRulesCore
 using Reexport
+using SnoopPrecompile
 using SparseArrays, Graphs # not needed but if removed Documenter will complain
 
 include("GNNGraphs/GNNGraphs.jl")
@@ -83,4 +84,8 @@ include("msgpass.jl")
 include("mldatasets.jl")
 include("deprecations.jl")
 
+@precompile_all_calls begin
+    include("precompile.jl")
+end
+
 end
diff --git a/src/msgpass.jl b/src/msgpass.jl
index a11f0946c..01b0bdfbc 100644
--- a/src/msgpass.jl
+++ b/src/msgpass.jl
@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ See also [`apply_edges`](@ref) and [`aggregate_neighbors`](@ref).
 """
 function propagate end
 
-function propagate(f, g::GNNGraph, aggr; xi = nothing, xj = nothing, e = nothing)
-    propagate(f, g, aggr, xi, xj, e)
+function propagate(f::F, g::GNNGraph, aggr; xi = nothing, xj = nothing, e = nothing) where F
+    propagate(f, g, aggr, xi, xj, e) 
 end
 
-function propagate(f, g::GNNGraph, aggr, xi, xj, e = nothing)
+function propagate(f::F, g::GNNGraph, aggr, xi, xj, e = nothing) where F
     m = apply_edges(f, g, xi, xj, e)
     m̄ = aggregate_neighbors(g, aggr, m)
     return m̄
@@ -87,12 +87,12 @@ end
 # https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/15276
 ## and zygote issues
 # https://github.com/FluxML/Zygote.jl/issues/1317
-function propagate(f, g::GNNGraph, aggr, l::GNNLayer; xi = nothing, xj = nothing,
-                   e = nothing)
-    propagate((xi, xj, e) -> f(l, xi, xj, e), g, aggr, xi, xj, e)
+function propagate(f::F, g::GNNGraph, aggr, l::GNNLayer; xi = nothing, xj = nothing,
+                   e = nothing) where F
+    propagate(Fix1(f, l), g, aggr, xi, xj, e)
 end
-function propagate(f, g::GNNGraph, aggr, l::GNNLayer, xi, xj, e = nothing)
-    propagate((xi, xj, e) -> f(l, xi, xj, e), g, aggr, xi, xj, e)
+function propagate(f::F, g::GNNGraph, aggr, l::GNNLayer, xi, xj, e = nothing) where F
+    propagate(Fix1(f, l), g, aggr, xi, xj, e)
 end
 
 ## APPLY EDGES
@@ -135,11 +135,11 @@ See also [`propagate`](@ref) and [`aggregate_neighbors`](@ref).
 """
 function apply_edges end
 
-function apply_edges(f, g::GNNGraph; xi = nothing, xj = nothing, e = nothing)
+function apply_edges(f::F, g::GNNGraph; xi = nothing, xj = nothing, e = nothing) where F
     apply_edges(f, g, xi, xj, e)
 end
 
-function apply_edges(f, g::GNNGraph, xi, xj, e = nothing)
+function apply_edges(f::F, g::GNNGraph, xi, xj, e = nothing) where F
     check_num_nodes(g, xi)
     check_num_nodes(g, xj)
     check_num_edges(g, e)
@@ -154,12 +154,12 @@ end
 # https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/15276
 ## and zygote issues
 # https://github.com/FluxML/Zygote.jl/issues/1317
-function apply_edges(f, g::GNNGraph, l::GNNLayer; xi = nothing, xj = nothing, e = nothing)
-    apply_edges((xi, xj, e) -> f(l, xi, xj, e), g, xi, xj, e)
+function apply_edges(f::F, g::GNNGraph, l::GNNLayer; xi = nothing, xj = nothing, e = nothing) where F
+    apply_edges(Fix1(f, l), g, xi, xj, e)
 end
 
-function apply_edges(f, g::GNNGraph, l::GNNLayer, xi, xj, e = nothing)
-    apply_edges((xi, xj, e) -> f(l, xi, xj, e), g, xi, xj, e)
+function apply_edges(f::F, g::GNNGraph, l::GNNLayer, xi, xj, e = nothing) where F
+    apply_edges(Fix1(f, l), g, xi, xj, e)
 end
 
 ##  AGGREGATE NEIGHBORS
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ features
 Neighborhood aggregation is the second step of [`propagate`](@ref), 
 where it comes after [`apply_edges`](@ref).
 """
-function aggregate_neighbors(g::GNNGraph, aggr, m)
+function aggregate_neighbors(g::GNNGraph, aggr::A, m) where {A}
     check_num_edges(g, m)
     s, t = edge_index(g)
     return GNNGraphs._scatter(aggr, m, t, g.num_nodes)
diff --git a/src/precompile.jl b/src/precompile.jl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..044b4f62a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/precompile.jl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+function workflow1()
+    nnodes, d = 10, 6
+    ngraphs = 5
+    g = Flux.batch([rand_graph(nnodes, 3*nnodes) for i in 1:ngraphs])
+    x = rand(Float32, d, g.num_nodes)
+    model = GNNChain(GCNConv(d => d, relu), 
+                    GraphConv(d => d, tanh),
+                    GATv2Conv(d => d ÷ 2, relu, heads=2), 
+                    GlobalPool(max), 
+                    Dense(d, 1))
+    y = model(g, x)
+    grad = gradient(m -> sum(m(g, x)), model)[1]
+end
+
+workflow1()
\ No newline at end of file