diff --git a/coordinator/internal/api/device_auth.go b/coordinator/internal/api/device_auth.go
index 778c85150..def1abc19 100644
--- a/coordinator/internal/api/device_auth.go
+++ b/coordinator/internal/api/device_auth.go
@@ -126,7 +126,10 @@ func (s *Server) handleDeviceToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		})
 
 	case "approved":
-		// Generate a long-lived provider token.
+		// Generate and persist the provider token first, then consume the
+		// device code. This ordering ensures that a transient failure in token
+		// creation leaves the device code in "approved" state so the client
+		// can retry, rather than permanently invalidating it.
 		tokenBytes := make([]byte, 32)
 		if _, err := rand.Read(tokenBytes); err != nil {
 			writeJSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, errorResponse("server_error", "failed to generate token"))
@@ -146,6 +149,22 @@ func (s *Server) handleDeviceToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			return
 		}
 
+		// Consume the device code to prevent a second poll from issuing a
+		// second token. If this fails (race: another request already consumed
+		// it, or a DB error), revoke the token we just created and return the
+		// appropriate status — the device code remains in its current state
+		// and the client can retry if it was a transient error.
+		if err := s.store.ConsumeDeviceCode(dc.DeviceCode); err != nil {
+			_ = s.store.RevokeProviderToken(rawToken)
+			// Distinguish race (already consumed) from transient store failure.
+			if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not approved") || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "consumed") {
+				writeJSON(w, http.StatusGone, errorResponse("expired_token", "device code is no longer valid"))
+			} else {
+				writeJSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, errorResponse("server_error", "failed to finalize token"))
+			}
+			return
+		}
+
 		s.logger.Info("provider token issued",
 			"account_id", dc.AccountID,
 			"user_code", dc.UserCode,
diff --git a/coordinator/internal/store/interface.go b/coordinator/internal/store/interface.go
index 4c2322190..0be9b6b2d 100644
--- a/coordinator/internal/store/interface.go
+++ b/coordinator/internal/store/interface.go
@@ -234,6 +234,12 @@ type Store interface {
 	// ApproveDeviceCode links a device code to an account, marking it approved.
 	ApproveDeviceCode(deviceCode, accountID string) error
 
+	// ConsumeDeviceCode atomically transitions a device code from approved to
+	// consumed. Returns an error if the code is not in the approved state.
+	// Must be called when issuing a provider token to prevent a second poll
+	// from minting an additional token for the same approval.
+	ConsumeDeviceCode(deviceCode string) error
+
 	// DeleteExpiredDeviceCodes removes device codes that have passed their expiry.
 	DeleteExpiredDeviceCodes() error
 
diff --git a/coordinator/internal/store/memory.go b/coordinator/internal/store/memory.go
index 69544f0ef..e7117d859 100644
--- a/coordinator/internal/store/memory.go
+++ b/coordinator/internal/store/memory.go
@@ -1095,6 +1095,21 @@ func (s *MemoryStore) ApproveDeviceCode(deviceCode, accountID string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *MemoryStore) ConsumeDeviceCode(deviceCode string) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	dc, ok := s.deviceCodesByCode[deviceCode]
+	if !ok {
+		return errors.New("device code not found")
+	}
+	if dc.Status != "approved" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("device code is %s, not approved", dc.Status)
+	}
+	dc.Status = "consumed"
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *MemoryStore) DeleteExpiredDeviceCodes() error {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
diff --git a/coordinator/internal/store/postgres.go b/coordinator/internal/store/postgres.go
index dbea9e43c..e43b68a71 100644
--- a/coordinator/internal/store/postgres.go
+++ b/coordinator/internal/store/postgres.go
@@ -1829,6 +1829,24 @@ func (s *PostgresStore) ApproveDeviceCode(deviceCode, accountID string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *PostgresStore) ConsumeDeviceCode(deviceCode string) error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	tag, err := s.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`UPDATE device_codes SET status = 'consumed'
+		 WHERE device_code = $1 AND status = 'approved'`,
+		deviceCode,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("store: consume device code: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return errors.New("device code not found or not in approved state")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *PostgresStore) DeleteExpiredDeviceCodes() error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()