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WSL.html
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<h1 class="mume-header" id="wsl%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E9%AA%8C%E5%8F%8A%E9%A3%9F%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95">WSL使用体验及食用方法</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#wsl%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E9%AA%8C%E5%8F%8A%E9%A3%9F%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95">WSL使用体验及食用方法</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#wsl%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D">WSL介绍</a></li>
<li><a href="#wsl%E9%A3%9F%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95">WSL食用方法</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E6%9B%B4%E6%8D%A2%E6%BA%90">更换源</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E7%BB%99wsl%E5%8A%A0%E4%B8%8Agui">给WSL加上GUI</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ubuntu%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2">使用Ubuntu默认桌面</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#%E5%85%B3%E6%8E%89wsl%E7%9A%84%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BA%E9%9F%B3">关掉WSL的提示音</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="wsl%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D">WSL介绍</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>Windows Subsystem for Linux（WSL）是一个在Windows 10上能够运行> 原生Linux二进制可执行文件（ELF格式）的兼容层。它是由微软与> Canonical公司合作开发，其目标是使纯正的Ubuntu 14.04 "Trusty > Tahr"（等Linux发行版的）映像能下载和解压到用户的本地计算机，并且映像内的工具和实用工具能在此子系统上原生运行。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
<p>相比于虚拟机他的优势有：</p>
<p>占用内存和CPU资源更少。在WSL上直接运行软件消耗资源和在Windows上差不多。Windows可以直接访问WSL环境。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>相比于多系统他的优势有</p>
<p>不需要重启更换系统（省事），文件交互简单。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="wsl%E9%A3%9F%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95">WSL食用方法</h2>
<p>一个主要的参考文档：</p>
<p><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-on-server">微软官方的WSL说明文档</a></p>
<p>主要步骤如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>开启Windows中的WSL组件。</p>
<p>略。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>安装WSL的Linux发行版镜像</p>
<p>通常可以直接在Microsoft Store安装。由于我是LTSC 2019，没有Microsoft Store，非常尴尬。百度了一圈之后找到了直接下载的链接：<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual">手动下载Linux镜像的链接</a>，挑选一个使用<strong>迅雷</strong>下载即可。</p>
<p>下载完成后，后缀名改成.zip解压，找到文件夹中对应Linux发行版的启动器进行安装。（但官方文档确实就是这么写的）</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>运行WSL</p>
<p>直接运行Linux发行版的启动器；或者配置好环境变量后，在Powershell/CMD中运行wsl或者bash。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>如果出现</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash">Error: 0x80070005 ?????
</pre><p>是因为没有以管理员权限运行。使用管理员权限打开即可。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E6%9B%B4%E6%8D%A2%E6%BA%90">更换源</h2>
<p>Ubuntu自带源在国内访问速度太慢，因此可以更换国内的源，比如清华源、中科大源、<a href="https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/">阿里云源</a>等。</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>先备份一下原来的，以免搞坏了。</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">cd</span> /etc/apt
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">cp</span> sources.list sources.list.backup
</pre><p>复制了一份并命名为<code>sources.list.backup</code>，到时候再<code>cp</code>回来就行。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>更改源配置</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">vi</span> sources.list
</pre><p>可以把里面原来的都删掉或者注释掉，然后加上网站上复制来的源，下面提供一些<a href="https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b11waT1Yb">范例</a>：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>ubuntu 16.04 配置如下：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash">deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
</pre></li>
<li>
<p>ubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置如下：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash">deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
</pre></li>
<li>
<p>ubuntu 20.04(focal) 配置如下：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash">deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>更新</p>
<p>保存退出之后，更新一下<code>apt</code>就可以正常使用了。</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> update
</pre></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>特别注意，源需要换对应OS版本的，不然可能会出现</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info class="language-"><code>The following packages have unmet dependencies:
</code></pre><p>这是因为源对应系统版本不对，找不到依赖了。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E7%BB%99wsl%E5%8A%A0%E4%B8%8Agui">给WSL加上GUI</h2>
<p>需要说明的是WSL本身不支持GUI，但是可以通过XServer间接实现GUI，使用的软件为<a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/vcxsrv/">VcXsrv</a>。这部分主要参考了<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/w_weilan/article/details/82862913">这篇文章</a>。</p>
<p>大致工作原理为：</p>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>VcXsrv启动Xserver服务用于监听；</li>
<li>WSL启动程序后把界面数据发送给Xserver；</li>
<li>Xserver接收到数据进行绘制，于是在Win下看到图形界面。</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>主要步骤如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>下载安装和启动<a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/vcxsrv/">VcXsrv</a>。一直下一步就行。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>配置DISPLAY</p>
<p>使用vi打开</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">vi</span> ~/.bashrc
</pre><p>在最后加上一行：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">export</span> DISPLAY<span class="token operator">=</span>:0.0
</pre><p>保存退出后更新一下：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">source</span> ~/.bashrc
</pre></li>
<li>
<p>打开VcXsrv的<strong>XLaunch</strong>，配置看着选就行。</p>
<p>这个时候XLaunch已经在Windows后台运行了，在WSL打开带GUI的程序时会弹出窗口。比如试一试Firefox：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token function">install</span> firefox
firefox
</pre><blockquote>
<p>由于更新的原因，新版Firefox在WSL上是跑不起来的。可以通过</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">apt-cache</span> madison firefox
</pre><p>我这里查找得到结果有</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash">firefox <span class="token operator">|</span> 79.0+build1-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 <span class="token operator">|</span> http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages
firefox <span class="token operator">|</span> 79.0+build1-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 <span class="token operator">|</span> http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages
firefox <span class="token operator">|</span> 45.0.2+build1-0ubuntu1 <span class="token operator">|</span> http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/ main amd64 Packages
firefox <span class="token operator">|</span> 45.0.2+build1-0ubuntu1 <span class="token operator">|</span> http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/ main Sources
firefox <span class="token operator">|</span> 79.0+build1-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 <span class="token operator">|</span> http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main Sources
firefox <span class="token operator">|</span> 79.0+build1-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 <span class="token operator">|</span> http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main Sources
</pre><p>选择一个旧版本firefox进行安装。我测试的Firefox 45.0.2可以跑起来。</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token function">install</span> firefox<span class="token operator">=</span>45.0.2+build1-0ubuntu1
</pre></blockquote>
<p>还有个问题就是中文显示不全。安装一下字体包即可解决：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token function">install</span> fonts-noto-cjk
</pre></li>
<li>
<p>安装桌面</p>
<p>选用的是<strong>xfce4</strong>，使用：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token function">install</span> xfce4 dbus-x11
</pre><p>打开XShell并在WSL执行：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash">xfce4-session
</pre><p>即可进入桌面。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>使用vscode</p>
<p>由于相距原教程已经过去一段时间，vscode已经更新了新的特性，原教程中安装vscode的方法不再必要（也不可行，在WSL运行vscode会报错）。现在不需要在WSL中另外安装visual-studio-code，只需要在Windows的vscode中安装Remote - WSL插件，再在WSL中键入：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash">code
</pre><p>即可。</p>
<p>vscode是在windows上运行的，但是所需的插件需要在vscode中点击“在WSL中安装”才能正常调试。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ubuntu%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2">使用Ubuntu默认桌面</h3>
<ol>
<li>安装</li>
</ol>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> ubuntu-desktop unity compizconfig-settings-manager
</pre><p>**配置dbus以避免出现错误**</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> dpkg-reconfigure dbus <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">service</span> dbus restart
</pre><p>配置完之后务必重启一下WSL。</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>配置桌面<br>
先打开VcXsrv，然后</li>
</ol>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> ccsm
</pre><p>这个时候切换到VcXsrv可以进行一些配置，具体可以参考<a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/34884285">这里</a></p>
<ol start="3">
<li>启动</li>
</ol>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> compiz
</pre><blockquote>
<p>我只在Ubuntu 16.04成功了。18.04进去是黑屏，我也不知道为什么。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E5%85%B3%E6%8E%89wsl%E7%9A%84%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BA%E9%9F%B3">关掉WSL的提示音</h2>
<p>WSL有许多毫无必要并且非常刺耳的提示音，听多了特别令人烦躁，因此可以想办法关掉它。</p>
<p>bash<br>
1.sudo vi /etc/inputrc<br>
2.取消注释 set bell-style none<br>
3.退出重启</p>
<blockquote>
<p>但是这个不能取消掉VIM里的提示声，你可以选择关闭系统声音，按照如下步骤：打开控制面板——>打开硬件和声音——>打开声音——>选择声音——>修改关键性停止的声音方案，来取消提示音。</p>
<p><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/50/07378255d876ce3830964b5f0b29b05a_hd.jpg" alt></p>
<p>链接：<a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/42228124/answer/115022693">https://www.zhihu.com/question/42228124/answer/115022693</a><br>
来源：知乎</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
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