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<h1 class="mume-header" id="stm32%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0">STM32学习笔记</h1>
<p>所用板型：NUCLEO-F103RB</p>
<p>MCU：STM32F103RB</p>
<div class="code-chunk" data-id="code-chunk-id-0" data-cmd="toc"><div class="input-div"><div class="btn-group"><div class="run-btn btn"><span>▶︎</span></div><div class="run-all-btn btn">all</div></div><div class="status">running...</div></div><div class="output-div"></div></div><ul>
<li><a href="#stm32%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0">STM32学习笔记</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86">背景知识</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A">名词解释</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#keil-%CE%BCvision-mdk-keil-c51">Keil、μVision、MDK、Keil C51</a></li>
<li><a href="#j-link-st-link-ulink-jtag-swd-swim">J-Link、ST-Link、ULink、JTAG、SWD、SWIM</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F">开发方式</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87ide%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91">通过IDE开发</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E6%89%8B%E5%8A%A8make%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85">手动make开发（适合高级使用者）</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E4%B8%8E%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E5%BA%93%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91">基于寄存器开发与基于库开发</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91">基于寄存器开发</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E5%BA%93%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91">基于库开发</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#step-by-step-guidance">Step-by-step Guidance</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">配置开发环境</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AAblink">实现一个"<code>Blink</code>"</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#%E4%B8%80-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8stm32cubemx%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81">一. 使用STM32CubeMX生成基础配置代码</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E4%BA%8C-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8keil%E7%BC%96%E5%86%99%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F">二. 使用Keil编写程序</a></li>
<li><a href="#3-%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91-%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD">3. 编译、下载</a></li>
<li><a href="#4-debug">4. Debug</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD">中断</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#arduino-stm32">Arduino-STM32</a></li>
<li><a href="#reference">Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86">背景知识</h2>
<p>这里是一些有的没的背景知识，归纳在这一部分。如果你很急，可以直接跳到<a href="#step-by-step-guidance">step-by-step-guidance</a>。</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A">名词解释</h3>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="keil-%CE%BCvision-mdk-keil-c51">Keil、μVision、MDK、Keil C51</h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Keil</strong>是公司的名称，<strong>有时候也指Keil公司的所有软件开发工具</strong>，目前2005年Keil由ARM公司收购，成为ARM的公司之一。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>μVision</strong>是Keil公司开发的一个集成开发环境（IDE），和Eclipse类似。它包括工程管理，源代码编辑，编译设置，下载调试和模拟仿真等功能，μVision有μVision2、μVision3、μVision4、μVision5四个版本，目前最新的版本是μVision5。它提供一个环境，让开发者易于操作，并不提供能具体的编译和下载功能，需要软件开发者添加。μVision通用于Keil的开发工具中，例如MDK，PK51，PK166，DK251等。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>因此，你寻找Keil IDE的入口是<code>UV4/UV4.exe</code>。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>MDK（Microcontroller Development Kit）</strong>，也称<strong>MDK-ARM</strong>、<strong>Keil MDK</strong>、<strong>RealView MDK</strong>、<strong>Keil For ARM</strong>，都是同一个东西。ARM公司现在统一使用MDK-ARM的称呼，MDK的设备数据库中有很多厂商的芯片，是专为微控制器开发的工具，为满足基于MCU进行嵌入式软件开发的工程师需求而设计，支持ARM7，ARM9，Cortex-M4/M3/M1，Cortex-R0/R3/R4等ARM微控制器内核</p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><img src="STM32-learning-notes/MDK5.png" alt><br>
从上图可以看出，MDK Core 又分成四个部分：μVision IDE with Editor（编辑器），ARM<br>
C/C++ Compiler（编译器），Pack Installer（包安装器），μVision Debugger with Trace（调试跟踪<br>
器）。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="j-link-st-link-ulink-jtag-swd-swim">J-Link、ST-Link、ULink、JTAG、SWD、SWIM</h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>J-Link</strong>是德国SEGGER公司为支持仿真ARM内核芯片推出的JTAG仿真器，很多ARM芯片的接口协议是JTAG，JLink一端接电脑USB接口，一端接CPU的JTAG接口，JLink充当的作用就是USB转JTAG，支持JTAG和SWD两种模式。</p>
<ul>
<li>可配合IAR EWAR，ADS，KEIL，WINARM，RealView等集成开发环境；</li>
<li>支持ARM7/ARM9/ARM11，Cortex M0/M1/M3/M4，Cortex A5/A8/A9等内核芯片的仿真；</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200414133747798.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FsYmVydDk5Mg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center" alt="J-Link"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>ST-Link</strong>是ST意法半导体为评估、开发STM8/STM32系列MCU而设计的集在线仿真与下载为一体的开发工具，支持JTAG/SWD/SWIM三种模式。</p>
<ul>
<li>支持所有带SWIM接口的STM8系列单片机</li>
<li>支持所有带JTAG/SWD接口的STM32系列单片机</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200414134116839.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FsYmVydDk5Mg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center" alt="ST-Link"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>JTAG</strong>（Joint Test Action Group，联合测试行动小组）是一种国际标准测试协议（IEEE 1149.1兼容），主要用于芯片内部测试，现在多数的器件都支持JTAG协议，ARM、DSP、FPGA等，JTAG接口的单片机用电脑USB下载调试程序，需要用到J-Link（USB转JTAG）。</p>
<p>JTAG有10pin的、14pin的和20pin的，尽管引脚数和引脚的排列顺序不同，但是其中有一些引脚是一样的<br>
TDI，TMS，TCK，TDO，分别对应数据输入，模式选择，时钟，数据输出，复位管脚可不接。</p>
<p>占用5个IO口。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>SWD</strong>全称是Serial Wire Debug（串行调试），SWD模式下用JLink给我们的板子debug时，是用标准的二线DIO和CLK，<strong>RESET管脚可不接，当你频繁下载失败时，可接上RESET管脚再试</strong>。</p>
<p>占用2个IO口。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>SWIM</strong>接口常见于ST的STM8系列单片机，ST-Link2与STM8连接只需要4根线，见表格。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="STM32-learning-notes/JTAG_SWD_cable_connections.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F">开发方式</h3>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87ide%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91">通过IDE开发</h4>
<p>通常来说，STM32使用IDE进行开发的较多，使用IDE也较容易上手。</p>
<p>STM32支持若干种不同的IDE进行开发，<a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/design_resource_detail?file_name=UM1727_STM32%E7%9A%84Nucleo%E6%9D%BF%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97&lang=EN&ver=5&cat=user_manual">官方文档</a>给出的支持有：</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>EWARM v7.10.3 or later(a)</strong></p>
<p>30-day evaluation edition</p>
<p>32-Kbyte Limited QuickStart edition (16-Kbyte limitation for Cortex M0)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>MDK-ARM v5.17 or later(a)(b)</strong></p>
<p>MDK-Lite (32-Kbyte code size limitation)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>TrueSTUDIO Lite v5 or later(b)</strong></p>
<p>No limitation</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>SW4STM32 v1.5 and later(a)</strong></p>
<p>No limitation</p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>EWARM指的是通常意义上的IAR，IAR Embedded Workbench for ARM。</p>
<p>其中MDK-ARM指的是通常意义上的Keil，即Keil MDK-ARM。</p>
<p>本文使用<mark>MDK527</mark>。</p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E6%89%8B%E5%8A%A8make%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85">手动make开发（适合高级使用者）</h4>
<p>笔者目前也不会，先提供一个<a href="http://www.stmcu.org.cn/module/forum/thread-603753-1-1.html">链接</a>以供参考。</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E4%B8%8E%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E5%BA%93%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91">基于寄存器开发与基于库开发</h3>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91">基于寄存器开发</h4>
<p>在传统C51中通常对寄存器进行直接操作来实现功能，如设置端口电平为：</p>
<p>对STM32来说，当然也可以这么做。但是STM32的上百个寄存器，相比于51的二十几个，要一个个记住、单独操作不大现实，过于麻烦。所以通常来说，STM32的开发都是使用HAL库进行开发的。</p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E5%BA%93%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91">基于库开发</h4>
<ol>
<li>传统的Keil ARM开发模式<br>
标准库</li>
<li>通过STM的HAL以及CubeMx配置的模式</li>
</ol>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="step-by-step-guidance">Step-by-step Guidance</h2>
<p>在这篇笔记中，使用的是CubeMx + Keil MDK-ARM，使用HAL库进行开发的开发方式。</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">配置开发环境</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.Keil.com/download/product/">MDK5（Keil µvision5）</a>，官方网站下载，本文使用的版本是<mark>MDK527</mark>。（当然可能还要破解一下）（当然也可以去各种X盘下载）</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/design_resource_detail/file/315621/lang/EN/token/959ecda9e5c252b9b101db286ab1736f">ST-Link驱动</a>，在ST官网下载。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>All the STM32 Nucleo boards include an ST-LINK/V2-1 embedded debug tool interface.This interface needs a dedicated USB driver to be installed.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<p>MDK5相关于这几个处理器的固件包（Firmware Package），Keil官网下载/或者在Keil中使用<em>Pack Installer</em>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.st.com/zh/development-tools/stm32cubemx.html">STM32CubeMx</a>，官方网站下载。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AAblink">实现一个"<code>Blink</code>"</h3>
<p><code>Blink</code>相当于单片机编程中的<code>Helloworld</code>，它的目标就是让一个LED（通常是板载的LED）Blink一下。<br>
下面展示使用CubeMX搭建工程，并在Keil中编译下载的方法：</p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E4%B8%80-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8stm32cubemx%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81">一. 使用STM32CubeMX生成基础配置代码</h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p>打开CubeMx，在New Project区进入板型选择器。<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/CubeMX-main-interface.png" alt="CubeMx主界面"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>搜索相应的板子型号，双击搜索结果。<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/CubeMX-board-selector.png" alt="CubeMx版型选择器"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>默认，选Yes。<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/CubeMX-initialize-default-mode.png" alt="默认Yes"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>点击每个引脚可以直接配置其输出方式。在这里由于我们没有需求，所以不用改动。<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/CubeMX-pinout.png" alt="Pinout"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>进入Project Manager。<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/CubeMX-choose-project-manager.png" alt="选择Project Manager"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>设置工程的名字和路径。别忘了将IDE选择为<mark>MDK-ARM V5</mark>。<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/CubeMX-project-manager.png" alt="设置Project Manager"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>点击GENERATE CODE，生成工程！<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/CubeMX-generate-code.png" alt="生成工程"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>这个时候工程已经生成好了，接下来点击Open Project，将工作转移到Keil。<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/CubeMX-open-project.png" alt="打开工程"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E4%BA%8C-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8keil%E7%BC%96%E5%86%99%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F">二. 使用Keil编写程序</h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p>打开Keil主界面，这时候CubeMX已经帮我们配置好了一堆库文件，我们不用管他们。接下来我们只需做自己的事就行了。比如找到<code>main.c</code>：<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/Keil-interface.png" alt="Keil主界面"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>可以看到<code>main.c</code>里这时候已经被CubeMx生成了一堆初始化代码，同样不用管：<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/Keil-main-initialization.png" alt="main.c"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>找到<code>main()</code>函数：<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/Keil-main.png" alt="main()"></p>
<ol start="3">
<li>在<code>main()</code>函数里一堆初始化函数后的循环里加入<code>Blink</code>的功能代码：</li>
</ol>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="C" class="language-c"><span class="token function">HAL_GPIO_WritePin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>GPIOA<span class="token punctuation">,</span>GPIO_PIN_5<span class="token punctuation">,</span>GPIO_PIN_SET<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">HAL_Delay</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">HAL_GPIO_WritePin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>GPIOA<span class="token punctuation">,</span>GPIO_PIN_5<span class="token punctuation">,</span> GPIO_PIN_RESET<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">HAL_Delay</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</pre><p>这段代码对板载LED所在IO口每隔100毫秒进行写一次高/低电平，这里调用的全部都是HAL库的函数。</p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="3-%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91-%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD">3. 编译、下载</h4>
<p>先执行Build将代码编译，如果代码有Error或者Warning，会在下方的Build Output窗口产生报错信息。如果没有问题，那么将板子通过USB连接到电脑，可以进行Download了。这一步将代码烧到STM32板子的flash内。<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/Keil-build&download.png" alt="编译下载"></p>
<p>提示烧写完毕：<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/Keil-download-information.png" alt="下载信息"></p>
<p>这个时候再按一下板子的Reset按钮，就可以看到板载的LED闪起来了。</p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="4-debug">4. Debug</h4>
<p>当然也可以进行（也是非常必要）的一步是debug。选择Debug菜单-Start/Stop Debug Session进入debug模式：<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/Keil-debug.png" alt="Debug"></p>
<p>在这里可以像debug本机程序一样设置断点，单步执行等。在右下角Call Stack里可以监视程序的变量。<br>
<img src="STM32-learning-notes/Keil-debug-interface.png" alt="Debug界面"></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD">中断</h3>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="arduino-stm32">Arduino-STM32</h2>
<p>目前还没试验成功。</p>
<ol>
<li>安装Arduino IDE[^]</li>
<li>工具-开发板管理器-安装Arduino SAM boards (Cortex-M3)
<blockquote>
<p>You must do this step, it installs the arm-none-eabi-g++ toolchain）</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<p>测试[^1]</p>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="reference">Reference</h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/e1b6503f638b">菜鸟两天入门STM32开发</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/design_resource_detail?file_name=UM1724_STM32%E7%9A%8464%E5%BC%95%E8%84%9ANucleo%E6%9D%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C&lang=EN&ver=9&cat=user_manual">STM32的Nucleo版用户手册</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/Albert992/p/12783198.html">教麦叔了解J-Link、ST-Link、ULink、JTAG、SWD、SWIM的区别</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
</body></html>