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| 1 | +import leadImage from './img/placeholder.png'; |
| 2 | +import footer from './blog-footer'; |
| 3 | + |
| 4 | +const html = ` |
| 5 | + <main id="main-content" class="contentzone"> |
| 6 | + <div class="usa-prose"> |
| 7 | + <article> |
| 8 | + <div class="resize-content"> |
| 9 | + <h1>Study Aims to Reduce Lung Cancer Stigma by Teaching Health Professionals Empathy</h1> |
| 10 | +
|
| 11 | + <div id="nvcgSubTitle"> </div> |
| 12 | + <div id= "cgvBody" class="cgdp-blog-post"> |
| 13 | + <a href="#url3" class="usa-link usa-link__blog-post-subscribe">Subscribe</a> |
| 14 | + <p class="cgdp-blog-post_publishing-info"> |
| 15 | + <time datetime="2025-01-15T12:00:00Z">January 15, 2025</time> |
| 16 | + ,by Edward Winstead |
| 17 | + </p> |
| 18 | +
|
| 19 | + <div> |
| 20 | +
|
| 21 | + <!-- Embeded Lead Image --> |
| 22 | + <div data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.image_display_article_medium" class="embedded-entity align-right"> |
| 23 | + <div class="cgdp-image"> |
| 24 | + <figure> |
| 25 | + <img loading="lazy" src="${leadImage}" width="970" height="734" alt="A young man with dark black hair and beard, form fitting orange shirt, with his hands in front of him speaking with a doctor. "> |
| 26 | + <figcaption class="cgdp-image__caption"> |
| 27 | + <div class="cgdp-image__caption-text"> |
| 28 | + <p>People diagnosed with lung cancer are often faced with the stigma of the disease's association with smoking, causing them to experience feelings of guilt and shame.</p> |
| 29 | + </div> |
| 30 | + <p class="cgdp-image__credit">Credit: iStock//nadia_bormotova</p> |
| 31 | + </figcaption> |
| 32 | + </figure> |
| 33 | + </div> |
| 34 | + </div> |
| 35 | + <!-- Embeded Lead Image --> |
| 36 | +
|
| 37 | + <p> |
| 38 | + For people with a history of smoking, a diagnosis of lung cancer can cause feelings of guilt |
| 39 | + and shame due to the stigma that's often associated with the disease. This stigma can hinder |
| 40 | + open communication between patients and health care providers and hinder patients' use of tobacco |
| 41 | + cessation counseling. Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have developed a |
| 42 | + training program to help health care providers reduce lung cancer-related stigma. In this interview, |
| 43 | + the trial's leaders, Smita Banerjee, Ph.D., a behavioral scientist, and Jamie Ostroff, Ph.D., a |
| 44 | + psychologist, discuss the impact of stigma on people with lung cancer and an NCI-supported clinical |
| 45 | + trial that's evaluating the training program. |
| 46 | + </p> |
| 47 | +
|
| 48 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 49 | + <h2>To begin, can you explain what you mean by stigma?</h2> |
| 50 | + <p> |
| 51 | + <span class="cgdp-blog-post__bold">Dr. Banerjee:</span> A classic definition of stigma is a mark of |
| 52 | + disgrace that sets individuals apart from others. In our research, we define stigma as a negative |
| 53 | + appraisal by others that can be attributed to a lung cancer diagnosis and internalized by the |
| 54 | + individual with lung cancer. |
| 55 | + </p> |
| 56 | + </section> |
| 57 | +
|
| 58 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 59 | + <h2>How commonly do people with lung cancer experience stigma?</h2> |
| 60 | + <p> |
| 61 | + <span class="cgdp-blog-post__bold">Dr. Ostroff:</span> In surveys, nearly all people with lung cancer |
| 62 | + say they have experienced stigma from doctors or acquaintances. And almost half of those with lung |
| 63 | + cancer say they have experienced stigma during visits with providers, including during routine |
| 64 | + smoking history assessments. |
| 65 | + </p> |
| 66 | + </section> |
| 67 | +
|
| 68 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 69 | + <p> |
| 70 | + <span class="cgdp-blog-post__bold">Dr. Banerjee:</span> During these conversations, a patient may already |
| 71 | + be feeling guilty for engaging in a certain behavior and putting their family through the experience of |
| 72 | + caring for a loved one with cancer. Health care providers sometimes amplify a patient's feelings of shame |
| 73 | + and guilt through comments that are made without any intention of harming the patient, such as |
| 74 | + “You smoked for 20 years! What were you expecting?” or “You brought this on yourself.” Even facial |
| 75 | + expressions can convey a negative message. |
| 76 | + </p> |
| 77 | + </section> |
| 78 | +
|
| 79 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 80 | + <h2>What are some of the harms that stigma can cause?</h2> |
| 81 | + <p> |
| 82 | + <span class="cgdp-blog-post__bold">Dr. Ostroff:</span> As advances in lung cancer care have accelerated, we are |
| 83 | + now seeing an expanding group of lung cancer patient advocates. In many cases, these advocates are individuals |
| 84 | + who have not struggled with tobacco dependence. We think that stigma may be dividing the advocate community by |
| 85 | + contributing to an “othering” of people who smoke or have smoked. |
| 86 | + </p> |
| 87 | + </section> |
| 88 | +
|
| 89 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 90 | + <h2>What led you to develop the lung cancer training for health care providers?</h2> |
| 91 | + <p> |
| 92 | + <span class="cgdp-blog-post__bold">Dr. Banerjee:</span> We know that smoking is the leading preventable cause of |
| 93 | + lung cancer and 13 other cancers, as well as of countless chronic medical conditions. Advocates have been urging |
| 94 | + us to communicate about the importance of reducing smoking in ways that show compassion, respect, and support |
| 95 | + for individuals struggling with nicotine or tobacco addiction. We credit advocates with bringing this research |
| 96 | + problem to our attention. |
| 97 | + </p> |
| 98 | + </section> |
| 99 | +
|
| 100 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 101 | + <h2>Can you tell us about the trial?</h2> |
| 102 | + <p> |
| 103 | + <span class="cgdp-blog-post__bold">Dr. Ostroff:</span> Building on <a href="#url1" class="usa-link">our previous studies</a>, |
| 104 | + the training offers strategies to help health care providers communicate effectively with people who have a |
| 105 | + smoking history without using stigmatizing language. Sixteen sites nationwide will <a href="#url2" class="usa-link">test |
| 106 | + what we call the Empathic Communication Skills training in a randomized trial</a>. |
| 107 | + </p> |
| 108 | + </section> |
| 109 | +
|
| 110 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 111 | + <p> |
| 112 | + The training is done virtually. Participants can practice skills in small groups with actors playing the roles |
| 113 | + of patients or caregivers. Trained facilitators provide tailored feedback. For health care providers, empathic |
| 114 | + communication involves conveying an understanding of a patient's perspective. This might mean encouraging people |
| 115 | + to express their feelings while also acknowledging and validating these feelings. |
| 116 | + </p> |
| 117 | + </section> |
| 118 | +
|
| 119 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 120 | + <p> |
| 121 | + <span class="cgdp-blog-post__bold">Dr. Banerjee:</span> The role-plays are reminiscent of a standard part of |
| 122 | + medical education called Observed Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), which is a way to evaluate a student's |
| 123 | + clinical skills in a simulated medical environment. We think it's important to emphasize that we're not providing |
| 124 | + a script for health care providers; rather, we are giving them a blueprint for engaging with patients, and it's |
| 125 | + up to each person to develop approaches that work for them and their patients. |
| 126 | + </p> |
| 127 | + </section> |
| 128 | +
|
| 129 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 130 | + <h2>How will you assess the success of the trial?</h2> |
| 131 | + <p> |
| 132 | + <span class="cgdp-blog-post__bold">Dr. Ostroff:</span> We will establish the success of the trial by evaluating the |
| 133 | + impact of Empathic Communication Skills training on health care providers' uptake of communication and empathy |
| 134 | + skills. We will also examine patient responses about their perceptions of lung cancer stigma and satisfaction |
| 135 | + with care. |
| 136 | + </p> |
| 137 | + </section> |
| 138 | +
|
| 139 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 140 | + <p> |
| 141 | + <span class="cgdp-blog-post__bold">Dr. Banerjee:</span> Our hypothesis is that clinicians who are trained in empathic |
| 142 | + communication skills will be better able to engage with patients—and ask them about their smoking history—in a way |
| 143 | + that increases the likelihood that patients will participate in tobacco cessation programs. Clinicians are busy. |
| 144 | + They need evidence-based guidance regarding best practices for taking a smoking history, and we hope our training |
| 145 | + can help meet that need. |
| 146 | + </p> |
| 147 | + </section> |
| 148 | +
|
| 149 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 150 | + <h2>Is there a take-home message about communication between health care providers and people |
| 151 | + with lung cancer who have a history of smoking?</h2> |
| 152 | + <p> |
| 153 | + <span class="cgdp-blog-post__bold">Dr. Ostroff:</span> This trial is part of a national and even international |
| 154 | + movement to change the conversation around lung cancer. We know that words matter, and they matter to our |
| 155 | + patients. When stigma enters the medical consultation room, it can interfere with health care providers' |
| 156 | + ability to provide the recommended cancer care. |
| 157 | + </p> |
| 158 | + </section> |
| 159 | +
|
| 160 | + <section class="cgdp-article-body__section" aria-labelledby="full-align-center"> |
| 161 | + <p> |
| 162 | + <span class="cgdp-blog-post__bold">Dr. Banerjee:</span> Taking a smoking history really does not need to be a |
| 163 | + painful medical procedure. We believe that learning certain communication skills can improve that experience |
| 164 | + and ultimately people's health. |
| 165 | + </p> |
| 166 | + </section> |
| 167 | + </div> |
| 168 | + </div> |
| 169 | + </div> |
| 170 | + ${footer} |
| 171 | + </article> |
| 172 | + </div> |
| 173 | + </main> |
| 174 | +`; |
| 175 | + |
| 176 | +export default html; |
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