diff --git a/docs/release_notes.rst b/docs/release_notes.rst index 8a74e590..5032ba11 100644 --- a/docs/release_notes.rst +++ b/docs/release_notes.rst @@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ Upcoming Release * Align `snakemake` version and the related `mock_snakemake` to PyPSA-Eur (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/177) +* Improve filename consistency in the sources (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/178) + * Include further unit tests for compile_cost_assumptions_usa.py (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/182) * Updates the documentation with compile_cost_assumptions_usa.py (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/186) diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv index db513ebd..29bc21cf 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv @@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.324,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,C stored,0.676,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2479,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BioSNG,FOM,1.608,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BioSNG,VOM,2.8712,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,FOM,1.608,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,VOM,2.8712,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, -BioSNG,investment,2658.5,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, +BioSNG,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, +BioSNG,investment,2658.5,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, Biomass gasification,efficiency,0.35,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, Biomass gasification,investment,1467.7693,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, @@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ Biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",, BtL,C in fuel,0.2455,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,C stored,0.7545,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2767,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BtL,FOM,2.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,FOM,2.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, BtL,efficiency,0.35,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0,, BtL,investment,3638.1722,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0,, -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, CCGT,FOM,2.32,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,FOM,2.32,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,FOM,2.32,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Conservative @@ -82,22 +82,22 @@ CCGT,VOM,5.1,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data CCGT,VOM,5.1,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Conservative CCGT,VOM,5.1,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,VOM,5.1,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Moderate -CCGT,c_b,1.8,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_b,1.8,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, CCGT,discount rate,0.0394356097560977,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2022",,2018.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0394356097560977,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2022",,2018.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,discount rate,0.0394356097560977,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2022",,2018.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0394356097560977,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2022",,2018.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0394356097560977,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2022",,2018.0,R&D,Conservative CCGT,discount rate,0.0394356097560977,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2022",,2018.0,R&D,Moderate -CCGT,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +CCGT,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, CCGT,investment,922.2101929128293,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,investment,922.2101929128293,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,investment,922.2101929128293,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,investment,922.2101929128293,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Conservative CCGT,investment,922.2101929128293,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,investment,922.2101929128293,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Moderate -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.636,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.636,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.32,t_CO2/MWh_FT,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,"Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).",,, Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.7,per unit,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, @@ -996,12 +996,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3.,,, Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.",,, -Haber-Bosch,investment,1785.0713,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,investment,1785.0713,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.",,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,0.05,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,efficiency,0.734,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, @@ -1974,11 +1974,11 @@ Nuclear - Small,fuel,7.148158693409742,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/ Nuclear - Small,fuel,7.148158693409742,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Moderate Nuclear - Small,investment,7988.951076893019,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Moderate Nuclear - Small,investment,7988.951076893019,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Moderate -OCGT,FOM,1.7772,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -OCGT,investment,480.3903,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +OCGT,FOM,1.7772,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +OCGT,investment,480.3903,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.4985390795770976,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Advanced Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.4929294755368033,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Conservative Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.4969333242365903,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Moderate @@ -3392,18 +3392,18 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2481,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,276873.6097,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0,, -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .",,, -air separation unit,investment,1003392.2397,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +air separation unit,investment,1003392.2397,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, -battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -battery inverter,investment,285.7198,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +battery inverter,investment,285.7198,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, battery storage,CF,0.249,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,CF,0.249,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Conservative battery storage,CF,0.249,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Moderate @@ -3422,38 +3422,38 @@ battery storage,investment,2466.1471894621736,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.opene battery storage,investment,2466.1471894621736,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,2466.1471894621736,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Conservative battery storage,investment,2466.1471894621736,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Moderate -battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,167272.82,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,167272.82,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,96.2077,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, bioethanol crops,fuel,62.1519,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biogas,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, -biogas CC,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas CC,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas manure,fuel,19.7575,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.5939,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,964.7165,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.1613,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,investment,192.9697,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.5939,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,964.7165,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,VOM,4.1613,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,investment,192.9697,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biomass,CF,0.635,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Advanced biomass,CF,0.635,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Conservative biomass,CF,0.635,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Moderate @@ -3492,165 +3492,165 @@ biomass,investment,4416.158654589623,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ biomass,investment,4416.158654589623,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Conservative biomass,investment,4416.158654589623,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Moderate biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biomass CHP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,investment,3300000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass EOP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,FOM,5.8029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,VOM,2.2361,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,investment,926.3933,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biomass boiler,FOM,7.3854,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,investment,722.4205,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,investment,3300000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass EOP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,FOM,5.8029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,VOM,2.2361,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,investment,926.3933,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biomass boiler,FOM,7.3854,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,investment,722.4205,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0,, biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.3926,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.6074,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2227,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,21.6979,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,21.6979,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,investment,5591.3924,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0688,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.485,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,investment,2010.6211,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,investment,5591.3924,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,VOM,3.0688,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.485,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,investment,2010.6211,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4715,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.0281,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,investment,1625.2908,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.3935,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.0281,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3546,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.0392,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,596.837,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,FOM,1.5286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,VOM,0.9524,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central resistive heater,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4715,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.0281,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,investment,1625.2908,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.3935,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.0281,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3546,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.0392,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,596.837,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,FOM,1.5286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,VOM,0.9524,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central resistive heater,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5767.0987,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,FOM,0.5176,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,investment,0.6133,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.8942,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.78,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,FOM,0.5176,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,investment,0.6133,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.8942,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.78,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,,, @@ -3717,23 +3717,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9578,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9578,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,994.7283,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.5595,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,994.7283,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.5595,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.97,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,investment,330.2494,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,206.4059,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8535,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.97,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,investment,330.2494,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,206.4059,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8535,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1587.3324,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1587.3324,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -3747,48 +3747,48 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.7408,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.7408,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,4237.1194,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, direct air capture,FOM,1.3,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,electricity-input,0.24,MWh_el/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, direct air capture,heat-input,1.17,MWh_th/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,investment,11034260.0394,USD/t_CO2/h,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,years,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct firing gas,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0,, @@ -3804,11 +3804,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0,, -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8711,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,investment,80.56,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8711,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,investment,80.56,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC,,, @@ -3830,29 +3830,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3183,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.0309,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6217,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,investment,1028678.3556,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2022.0,, -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, electrolysis,investment,2000.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0,, -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,investment,1900.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -fuel cell,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,investment,1900.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +fuel cell,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, fuelwood,fuel,15.9997,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,,,, gas,fuel,7.65,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.1077,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,investment,54.9273,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.1077,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,investment,54.9273,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0,, @@ -3890,12 +3890,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,investment,398.9496,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -home battery storage,investment,342.3682,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,investment,398.9496,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery storage,investment,342.3682,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, hydro,CF,0.343199424206558,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Advanced hydro,CF,0.343199424206558,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Conservative hydro,CF,0.343199424206558,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Moderate @@ -3930,23 +3930,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,2022 hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,15.0133,USD/kWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0526,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,60.3186,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,investment,3.1747,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0928,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,2.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1052.7581,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1113,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,877.2984,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0526,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,60.3186,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,investment,3.1747,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0928,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,2.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1052.7581,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1113,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,877.2984,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0,, iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, iron-air battery,investment,23.45,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, @@ -3991,11 +3991,11 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH,,, methanolisation,investment,819108.478,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0,, methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0,, -micro CHP,FOM,6.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.599,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,investment,10630.1681,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +micro CHP,FOM,6.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.599,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,investment,10630.1681,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, nuclear,CF,0.937,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Moderate nuclear,CF,0.937,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Moderate nuclear,FOM,1.96,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Moderate @@ -4038,7 +4038,7 @@ offwind,investment,3448.224266155566,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ offwind,investment,3284.728535446727,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Advanced offwind,investment,3748.422881315576,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Conservative offwind,investment,3448.224266155566,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Moderate -offwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +offwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -4052,12 +4052,12 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, -oil,FOM,2.5656,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +oil,FOM,2.5656,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, oil,fuel,25.98,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, onwind,CF,0.481,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Advanced onwind,CF,0.481,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Conservative onwind,CF,0.481,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Moderate @@ -4082,7 +4082,7 @@ onwind,investment,1462.0,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucke onwind,investment,1462.0,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Advanced onwind,investment,1462.0,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Conservative onwind,investment,1462.0,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Moderate -onwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +onwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0,, @@ -4149,12 +4149,12 @@ solar-rooftop,investment,1783.645004757945,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.o solar-rooftop,investment,1783.645004757945,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Conservative solar-rooftop,investment,1783.645004757945,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Moderate solar-rooftop,lifetime,35.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.2152,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,872.3118,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.079,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1241.9355,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.2152,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,872.3118,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.079,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,investment,1241.9355,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solar-utility,CF,0.3005277955541486,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Advanced solar-utility,CF,0.2951671639064763,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Conservative solar-utility,CF,0.2983528432893143,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,Market,Moderate @@ -4179,42 +4179,42 @@ solar-utility,investment,1333.2622854273138,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei. solar-utility,investment,1333.3244563409264,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Advanced solar-utility,investment,1333.3244563409264,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Conservative solar-utility,investment,1333.3244563409264,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2020.0,R&D,Moderate -solar-utility,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,1.8605,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,650.3522,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,1.8605,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,650.3522,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,,,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,4237.1194,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0,, -waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv index 3b3a3e6d..7c54cf8a 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv @@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3321,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,C stored,0.6679,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2449,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6195,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BioSNG,VOM,2.3395,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,FOM,1.6195,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,VOM,2.3395,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.615,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, -BioSNG,investment,2179.97,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, +BioSNG,efficiency,0.615,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, +BioSNG,investment,2179.97,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, Biomass gasification,efficiency,0.3792,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, Biomass gasification,investment,1467.7693,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, @@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ Biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",, BtL,C in fuel,0.2571,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,C stored,0.7429,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2724,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BtL,FOM,2.5263,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,FOM,2.5263,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, BtL,efficiency,0.3667,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0,, BtL,investment,3378.3027,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0,, -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, CCGT,FOM,1.95,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,FOM,1.95,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,FOM,1.95,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -82,22 +82,22 @@ CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-dat CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,c_b,1.9,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_b,1.9,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,efficiency,0.57,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +CCGT,efficiency,0.57,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, CCGT,investment,1319.3961678558885,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,investment,1319.3961678558885,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,investment,1319.3961678558885,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,investment,1319.3961678558885,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,investment,1319.3961678558885,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,investment,1319.3961678558885,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, @@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.0512,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.0512,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.32,t_CO2/MWh_FT,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,"Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).",,, Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.7,per unit,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, @@ -1032,12 +1032,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3.,,, Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.",,, -Haber-Bosch,investment,1622.5424,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,investment,1622.5424,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.",,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,0.05,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,efficiency,0.734,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, @@ -2150,11 +2150,11 @@ Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.225,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0,, Ni-Zn-store,investment,306333.1401,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0,, Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0,, -OCGT,FOM,1.7784,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -OCGT,investment,470.4853,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +OCGT,FOM,1.7784,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +OCGT,investment,470.4853,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Offshore Wind - Class 2,CF,0.4752,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced Offshore Wind - Class 2,CF,0.4597,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate Offshore Wind - Class 2,CF,0.4505,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3478,18 +3478,18 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2362,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,258047.096,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0,, -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .",,, -air separation unit,investment,912034.4091,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +air separation unit,investment,912034.4091,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, -battery inverter,FOM,0.2512,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -battery inverter,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -battery inverter,investment,227.5176,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +battery inverter,FOM,0.2512,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +battery inverter,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +battery inverter,investment,227.5176,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, battery storage,FOM,2.28,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,FOM,2.31,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate battery storage,FOM,2.33,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3502,38 +3502,38 @@ battery storage,investment,2993.96156718101,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei. battery storage,investment,1913.500456544061,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,2353.909079599318,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate battery storage,investment,2993.96156718101,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,167272.82,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,167272.82,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,116.9293,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, bioethanol crops,fuel,72.2943,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biogas,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, -biogas CC,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas CC,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas manure,fuel,19.8126,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.2111,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,884.3234,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.4251,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,investment,205.2039,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.2111,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,884.3234,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,VOM,4.4251,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,investment,205.2039,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3572,165 +3572,165 @@ biomass,investment,5005.775900702775,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ biomass,investment,5005.775900702775,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate biomass,investment,5005.775900702775,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,VOM,2.2255,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4554,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2998,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7088,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,investment,3487.6605,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,VOM,2.2255,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4554,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2998,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7088,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,investment,3487.6605,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,VOM,2.5909,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,investment,903.7477,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biomass boiler,FOM,7.434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,investment,704.761,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,FOM,3.5955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,VOM,2.2255,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4554,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2998,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7088,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,investment,3487.6605,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass EOP,FOM,3.5955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,VOM,2.2255,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4554,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2998,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7088,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,investment,3487.6605,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,FOM,5.7785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,VOM,2.5909,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,investment,903.7477,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biomass boiler,FOM,7.434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,investment,704.761,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0,, biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4028,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5972,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.219,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1905,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,18.0816,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1905,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,18.0816,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,investment,4348.8608,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,investment,2800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0369,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_b,0.925,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5025,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,investment,1989.708,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,FOM,3.313,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,c_b,0.98,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,investment,4348.8608,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,investment,2800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,VOM,3.0369,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_b,0.925,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5025,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,investment,1989.708,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,FOM,3.313,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,c_b,0.98,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,investment,608.4774,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,investment,608.4774,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.313,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.98,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,investment,608.4774,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,VOM,1.1111,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.035,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,investment,58.2022,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4691,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.0453,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,investment,1577.4881,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.2884,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.0453,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3733,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.183,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.72,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,566.9951,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,FOM,1.6077,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0053,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central resistive heater,investment,68.7844,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.313,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.98,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,investment,608.4774,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,VOM,1.1111,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.035,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,investment,58.2022,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4691,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.0453,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,investment,1577.4881,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.2884,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.0453,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3733,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.183,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.72,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,566.9951,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,FOM,1.6077,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0053,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central resistive heater,investment,68.7844,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3642.4702,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3642.4702,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5617.7823,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3642.4702,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,FOM,0.5338,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,investment,0.5947,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3642.4702,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,FOM,0.5338,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,investment,0.5947,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,,, @@ -3803,23 +3803,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,947.1084,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.6243,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,947.1084,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.6243,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,investment,322.1765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,201.3603,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8384,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,investment,322.1765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,201.3603,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8384,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1534.4214,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1534.4214,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -3833,48 +3833,48 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.8995,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.8995,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3972.2994,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, direct air capture,FOM,1.3,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,electricity-input,0.24,MWh_el/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, direct air capture,heat-input,1.17,MWh_th/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,investment,11034260.0394,USD/t_CO2/h,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,years,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct firing gas,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0,, @@ -3890,11 +3890,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0,, -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3933,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8761,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,investment,75.525,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3933,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8761,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,investment,75.525,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC,,, @@ -3916,29 +3916,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.32,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.0469,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6272,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,investment,1012666.8328,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2022.0,, -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.264,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency,0.5874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.264,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, electrolysis,investment,1800.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0,, -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.264,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,investment,1400.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -fuel cell,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.264,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,investment,1400.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +fuel cell,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, fuelwood,fuel,15.261,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,,,, gas,fuel,12.91,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0574,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,investment,50.35,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0574,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,investment,50.35,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0,, @@ -3976,12 +3976,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2512,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,investment,321.2749,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -home battery storage,investment,280.1877,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,FOM,0.2512,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,investment,321.2749,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery storage,investment,280.1877,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4016,23 +4016,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,2022 hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,15.0133,USD/kWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0794,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,53.9217,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.6456,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0929,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,996.93,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1115,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,830.775,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0794,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,53.9217,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.6456,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0929,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,996.93,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1115,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,830.775,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0,, iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, iron-air battery,investment,23.45,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, @@ -4077,11 +4077,11 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH,,, methanolisation,investment,761417.4621,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0,, methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0,, -micro CHP,FOM,6.4286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.604,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,investment,9224.3988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +micro CHP,FOM,6.4286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.604,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,investment,9224.3988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0,, nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0,, offwind,CF,0.4985,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced @@ -4108,7 +4108,7 @@ offwind,investment,7490.463492926807,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ offwind,investment,4678.5633018482695,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced offwind,investment,5794.139724389535,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,7490.463492926807,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -4122,12 +4122,12 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, -oil,FOM,2.5143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +oil,FOM,2.5143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, oil,fuel,44.83,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, onwind,CF,0.528364567901234,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced onwind,CF,0.513456666666666,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate onwind,CF,0.500883333333333,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4152,7 +4152,7 @@ onwind,investment,1632.638533920156,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_v onwind,investment,1544.2437353547416,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced onwind,investment,1569.0990734589152,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate onwind,investment,1632.638533920156,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -onwind,lifetime,28.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +onwind,lifetime,28.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0,, @@ -4219,12 +4219,12 @@ solar-rooftop,investment,1692.558588782558,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.o solar-rooftop,investment,1744.249794670278,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-rooftop,investment,1818.212696019045,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative solar-rooftop,lifetime,37.5,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.3559,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,719.0594,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.1576,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1040.9908,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.3559,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,719.0594,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.1576,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,investment,1040.9908,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solar-utility,CF,0.3256644667904598,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced solar-utility,CF,0.3202687659970471,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate solar-utility,CF,0.31317993005031264,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4249,42 +4249,42 @@ solar-utility,investment,1540.6284021118563,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei. solar-utility,investment,1456.236613013845,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced solar-utility,investment,1491.6407443350658,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-utility,investment,1540.6284021118563,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -solar-utility,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.0365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,552.4113,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.0365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,552.4113,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,,,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3972.2994,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0,, -waste CHP,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP,VOM,28.4644,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2051,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7627,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,investment,8829.8509,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,VOM,28.4644,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2051,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7627,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,investment,8829.8509,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP,VOM,28.4644,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2051,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7627,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,investment,8829.8509,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,VOM,28.4644,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2051,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7627,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,investment,8829.8509,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv index b482005e..1de19604 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv @@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3402,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,C stored,0.6598,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2419,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BioSNG,VOM,1.8078,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,FOM,1.6375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,VOM,1.8078,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, -BioSNG,investment,1701.44,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, +BioSNG,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, +BioSNG,investment,1701.44,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, Biomass gasification,efficiency,0.4083,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, Biomass gasification,investment,1467.7693,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, @@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ Biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",, BtL,C in fuel,0.2688,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,C stored,0.7312,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2681,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BtL,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, BtL,efficiency,0.3833,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0,, BtL,investment,3118.4333,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0,, -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, CCGT,FOM,1.97,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,FOM,1.97,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,FOM,1.97,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -82,22 +82,22 @@ CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-dat CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,c_b,2.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_b,2.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +CCGT,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, CCGT,investment,1270.4759889970424,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,investment,1270.4759889970424,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,investment,1270.4759889970424,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,investment,1270.4759889970424,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,investment,1270.4759889970424,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,investment,1270.4759889970424,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, @@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.4663,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.4663,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.32,t_CO2/MWh_FT,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,"Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).",,, Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.7,per unit,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, @@ -1032,12 +1032,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3.,,, Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.",,, -Haber-Bosch,investment,1460.0135,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,investment,1460.0135,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.",,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,0.05,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,efficiency,0.734,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, @@ -2180,11 +2180,11 @@ Nuclear - Small,investment,12681.1268480299,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei. Nuclear - Small,investment,6416.740269468895,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced Nuclear - Small,investment,9650.0006770512,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate Nuclear - Small,investment,12681.1268480299,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -OCGT,FOM,1.7795,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -OCGT,investment,460.5804,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +OCGT,FOM,1.7795,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +OCGT,investment,460.5804,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.5038,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.4811,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.4655,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3634,18 +3634,18 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0,, -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .",,, -air separation unit,investment,820676.5784,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +air separation unit,investment,820676.5784,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, -battery inverter,FOM,0.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -battery inverter,investment,169.3155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +battery inverter,FOM,0.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +battery inverter,investment,169.3155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, battery storage,FOM,2.25,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,FOM,2.28,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate battery storage,FOM,2.31,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3658,38 +3658,38 @@ battery storage,investment,2435.3666727168898,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.opene battery storage,investment,1529.1188270716973,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,1960.6556392580724,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate battery storage,investment,2435.3666727168898,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,154405.68,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,154405.68,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,137.6508,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, bioethanol crops,fuel,82.4367,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biogas,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, -biogas CC,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas CC,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas manure,fuel,19.8676,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.8282,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,803.9304,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.6704,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,investment,170.2068,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.8282,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,803.9304,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,VOM,3.6704,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,investment,170.2068,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3728,165 +3728,165 @@ biomass,investment,4778.09277674874,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_v biomass,investment,4778.09277674874,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate biomass,investment,4778.09277674874,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5822,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,investment,3397.1862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,investment,2700000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5822,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,investment,3397.1862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7529,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,VOM,2.9457,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,investment,881.102,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biomass boiler,FOM,7.4851,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,investment,687.1015,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,FOM,3.5822,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,investment,3397.1862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,investment,2700000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass EOP,FOM,3.5822,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,investment,3397.1862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,FOM,5.7529,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,VOM,2.9457,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,investment,881.102,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biomass boiler,FOM,7.4851,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,investment,687.1015,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0,, biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4129,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5871,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2153,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.61,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,investment,3106.3291,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,electricity-input,0.022,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-output,1.54,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,investment,2600000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.6561,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,VOM,3.005,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.52,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,investment,1968.7948,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.127,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.61,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,investment,3106.3291,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,electricity-input,0.022,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-output,1.54,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,investment,2600000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.6561,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,VOM,3.005,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.52,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,investment,1968.7948,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.127,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,FOM,3.3214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,investment,592.6041,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,investment,592.6041,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,investment,592.6041,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,FOM,3.8,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4735,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.4843,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,investment,1529.6854,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.7314,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.4843,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.394,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.3268,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.73,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,537.1533,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,investment,592.6041,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,FOM,3.8,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4735,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.4843,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,investment,1529.6854,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.7314,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.4843,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.394,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.3268,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.73,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,537.1533,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3544.5017,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3544.5017,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5207.5282,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3544.5017,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,FOM,0.551,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,investment,0.5761,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.6826,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3544.5017,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,FOM,0.551,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,investment,0.5761,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.6826,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,,, @@ -3959,23 +3959,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0014,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0014,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,899.4884,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.6924,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,899.4884,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.6924,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.98,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,investment,314.1035,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,196.3147,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8223,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.98,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,investment,314.1035,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,196.3147,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8223,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -3989,48 +3989,48 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3707.4795,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, direct air capture,FOM,1.3,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,electricity-input,0.24,MWh_el/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, direct air capture,heat-input,1.17,MWh_th/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct air capture,heat-output,1.0,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,heat-output,1.0,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,investment,11034260.0394,USD/t_CO2/h,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,years,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0,, @@ -4046,11 +4046,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0,, -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8811,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8811,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC,,, @@ -4072,29 +4072,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3217,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.0637,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6328,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,investment,996519.4349,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2022.0,, -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6217,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2228,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency,0.6217,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2228,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, electrolysis,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0,, -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6217,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2228,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,investment,875.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -fuel cell,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6217,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2228,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,investment,875.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +fuel cell,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, fuelwood,fuel,14.5224,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,,,, gas,fuel,14.05,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -gas boiler steam,FOM,4.18,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,FOM,4.18,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0,, @@ -4132,12 +4132,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,FOM,0.3375,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,investment,241.3377,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -home battery storage,investment,214.7158,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,FOM,0.3375,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,investment,241.3377,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery storage,investment,214.7158,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4172,23 +4172,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,2022 hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,15.0133,USD/kWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.1133,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,47.5247,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.1164,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0931,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,941.1019,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1117,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,784.2516,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.1133,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,47.5247,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.1164,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0931,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,941.1019,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1117,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,784.2516,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0,, iron-air battery,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, iron-air battery,investment,15.61,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, @@ -4233,11 +4233,11 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH,,, methanolisation,investment,703726.4462,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0,, methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0,, -micro CHP,FOM,6.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,investment,7841.7127,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +micro CHP,FOM,6.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,investment,7841.7127,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4300,7 +4300,7 @@ offwind,investment,6844.352726331988,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ offwind,investment,3201.94383126809,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced offwind,investment,4387.258886079124,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,6844.352726331988,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -4314,12 +4314,12 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, -oil,FOM,2.463,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +oil,FOM,2.463,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, oil,fuel,44.22,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, onwind,CF,0.567055,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced onwind,CF,0.53259,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate onwind,CF,0.5043,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4344,7 +4344,7 @@ onwind,investment,1577.391784816776,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_v onwind,investment,1341.672321975661,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced onwind,investment,1407.9532235867798,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate onwind,investment,1577.391784816776,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0,, @@ -4411,12 +4411,12 @@ solar-rooftop,investment,1310.8854115787103,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei. solar-rooftop,investment,1491.8046321857305,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-rooftop,investment,1750.6747869064166,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.573,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,565.8069,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.2737,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,investment,840.0461,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.573,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,565.8069,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.2737,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,investment,840.0461,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solar-utility,CF,0.34127013771564374,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced solar-utility,CF,0.3291298109304652,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate solar-utility,CF,0.31317993005031264,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4441,42 +4441,42 @@ solar-utility,investment,1364.9377461958204,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei. solar-utility,investment,1069.5664843527793,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced solar-utility,investment,1193.4809439770536,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-utility,investment,1364.9377461958204,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.2884,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,454.4703,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.2884,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,454.4703,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,,,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3707.4795,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0,, -waste CHP,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP,VOM,28.064,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2081,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7619,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,investment,8582.5944,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,VOM,28.064,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2081,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7619,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,investment,8582.5944,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP,VOM,28.064,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2081,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7619,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,investment,8582.5944,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,VOM,28.064,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2081,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7619,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,investment,8582.5944,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv index 0f62a472..02bc6ae2 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv @@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3496,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,C stored,0.6504,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2385,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6302,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BioSNG,VOM,1.7812,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,FOM,1.6302,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,VOM,1.7812,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6475,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, -BioSNG,investment,1674.855,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, +BioSNG,efficiency,0.6475,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, +BioSNG,investment,1674.855,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, Biomass gasification,efficiency,0.4375,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, Biomass gasification,investment,1467.7693,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, @@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ Biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",, BtL,C in fuel,0.2805,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,C stored,0.7195,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2638,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BtL,FOM,2.7484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,FOM,2.7484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, BtL,efficiency,0.4,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0,, BtL,investment,2858.5639,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0,, -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, CCGT,FOM,1.98,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,FOM,1.98,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,FOM,1.98,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -82,22 +82,22 @@ CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-dat CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,c_b,2.05,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_b,2.05,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,efficiency,0.585,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +CCGT,efficiency,0.585,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, CCGT,investment,1221.4443746510465,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,investment,1221.4443746510465,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,investment,1221.4443746510465,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,investment,1221.4443746510465,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,investment,1221.4443746510465,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,investment,1221.4443746510465,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, @@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.9346,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.9346,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.32,t_CO2/MWh_FT,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,"Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).",,, Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.7,per unit,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, @@ -1032,12 +1032,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3.,,, Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.",,, -Haber-Bosch,investment,1327.0808,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,investment,1327.0808,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.",,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,0.05,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,efficiency,0.734,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, @@ -2204,11 +2204,11 @@ Nuclear - Small,investment,12053.348291196737,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.opene Nuclear - Small,investment,3838.585696914429,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced Nuclear - Small,investment,7862.963514634311,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate Nuclear - Small,investment,12053.348291196737,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -OCGT,FOM,1.785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -OCGT,investment,454.3898,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +OCGT,FOM,1.785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +OCGT,investment,454.3898,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.5143,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.488,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.4693,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3658,18 +3658,18 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0,, -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .",,, -air separation unit,investment,745954.8206,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +air separation unit,investment,745954.8206,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, -battery inverter,FOM,0.4154,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -battery inverter,investment,137.5688,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +battery inverter,FOM,0.4154,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +battery inverter,investment,137.5688,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, battery storage,FOM,2.23,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,FOM,2.27,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate battery storage,FOM,2.31,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3682,38 +3682,38 @@ battery storage,investment,2355.543027581879,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei battery storage,investment,1404.6314998388416,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,1810.448370300624,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate battery storage,investment,2355.543027581879,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,147972.11,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,147972.11,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,137.5968,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, bioethanol crops,fuel,84.2795,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biogas,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, -biogas CC,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas CC,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas manure,fuel,19.8729,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.4454,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,723.5374,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.3842,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.373,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,investment,153.313,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.4454,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,723.5374,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.3842,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,VOM,3.373,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,investment,153.313,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3752,165 +3752,165 @@ biomass,investment,4622.580626925884,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ biomass,investment,4622.580626925884,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate biomass,investment,4622.580626925884,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5717,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,investment,3318.3391,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.024,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,investment,2550000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5717,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,investment,3318.3391,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7396,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,VOM,3.0344,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.7818,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,investment,860.0901,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biomass boiler,FOM,7.4981,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.865,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,investment,670.7159,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,FOM,3.5717,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,investment,3318.3391,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.024,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,investment,2550000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass EOP,FOM,3.5717,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,investment,3318.3391,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,FOM,5.7396,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,VOM,3.0344,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,efficiency,0.7818,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,investment,860.0901,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biomass boiler,FOM,7.4981,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.865,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,investment,670.7159,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0,, biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4197,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5803,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2128,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.5331,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.5331,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,investment,2681.013,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,electricity-input,0.021,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-output,1.51,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.4868,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.25,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9741,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5238,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,investment,1948.5297,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.1694,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,investment,2681.013,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,electricity-input,0.021,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-output,1.51,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.4868,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.25,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,VOM,2.9741,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5238,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,investment,1948.5297,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.1694,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,FOM,3.3545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,FOM,3.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4723,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.5503,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,investment,1505.7841,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.6701,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.5503,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4041,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.373,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.735,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,523.7245,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,FOM,1.6583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,FOM,3.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4723,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.5503,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,investment,1505.7841,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.6701,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.5503,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4041,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.373,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.735,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,523.7245,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,FOM,1.6583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3493.3,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3493.3,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5061.4763,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3493.3,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,FOM,0.5714,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,investment,0.5556,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.5768,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3493.3,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,FOM,0.5714,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,investment,0.5556,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.5768,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,,, @@ -3983,23 +3983,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0335,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0335,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,875.6784,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7009,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,875.6784,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7009,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,investment,306.613,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,191.6331,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8594,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,investment,306.613,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,191.6331,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8594,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9375,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1428.5992,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9375,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1428.5992,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -4013,48 +4013,48 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3442.6595,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, direct air capture,FOM,1.3,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,electricity-input,0.24,MWh_el/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, direct air capture,heat-input,1.17,MWh_th/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct air capture,heat-output,0.875,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,heat-output,0.875,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,investment,11034260.0394,USD/t_CO2/h,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,years,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0,, @@ -4070,11 +4070,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0,, -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8333,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8333,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC,,, @@ -4096,29 +4096,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3233,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.081,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6385,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,investment,980372.0369,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2022.0,, -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6374,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2039,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency,0.6374,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2039,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, electrolysis,investment,1350.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0,, -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6374,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2039,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,investment,775.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -fuel cell,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6374,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2039,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,investment,775.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +fuel cell,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, fuelwood,fuel,13.8577,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,,,, gas,fuel,14.05,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -gas boiler steam,FOM,4.07,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,FOM,4.07,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0,, @@ -4156,12 +4156,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,FOM,0.4154,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,investment,197.4367,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -home battery storage,investment,179.5623,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,FOM,0.4154,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,investment,197.4367,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery storage,investment,179.5623,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4196,23 +4196,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,2022 hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,15.0133,USD/kWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.3897,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,38.075,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.8519,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0922,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,911.617,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1107,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,759.6808,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.3897,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,38.075,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.8519,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0922,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,911.617,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1107,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,759.6808,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0,, iron-air battery,FOM,1.1063,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, iron-air battery,investment,11.79,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, @@ -4257,11 +4257,11 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH,,, methanolisation,investment,657729.5552,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0,, methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0,, -micro CHP,FOM,6.1765,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,investment,7406.062,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +micro CHP,FOM,6.1765,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,investment,7406.062,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4324,7 +4324,7 @@ offwind,investment,4003.3242223556554,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3 offwind,investment,2884.275059395028,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced offwind,investment,3386.8417865142433,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,4003.3242223556554,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -4338,12 +4338,12 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, -oil,FOM,2.4498,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +oil,FOM,2.4498,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, oil,fuel,44.22,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -oil,investment,361.1181,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +oil,investment,361.1181,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, onwind,CF,0.569498579234972,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced onwind,CF,0.5347425,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate onwind,CF,0.507375,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4368,7 +4368,7 @@ onwind,investment,1522.1515178729378,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ onwind,investment,1258.7992531108473,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced onwind,investment,1334.6919677529645,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate onwind,investment,1522.1515178729378,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0,, @@ -4435,12 +4435,12 @@ solar-rooftop,investment,929.2122343748616,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.o solar-rooftop,investment,1239.359469701182,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-rooftop,investment,1683.1368777937876,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.6467,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,513.1614,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3189,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,investment,769.5846,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.6467,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,513.1614,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3189,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,investment,769.5846,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solar-utility,CF,0.3568758086408277,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced solar-utility,CF,0.33799085586388306,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate solar-utility,CF,0.31317993005031264,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4465,42 +4465,42 @@ solar-utility,investment,1189.2470902797832,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei. solar-utility,investment,682.8963556917138,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced solar-utility,investment,895.3211436190419,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-utility,investment,1189.2470902797832,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.3606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,419.3908,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.3606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,419.3908,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,,,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3442.6595,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0,, -waste CHP,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP,VOM,27.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2102,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,investment,8307.058,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2102,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,investment,8307.058,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP,VOM,27.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2102,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,investment,8307.058,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,VOM,27.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2102,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,investment,8307.058,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv index 417058ff..b6e1bb20 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv @@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3591,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,C stored,0.6409,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.235,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6226,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BioSNG,VOM,1.7546,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,FOM,1.6226,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,VOM,1.7546,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.665,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, -BioSNG,investment,1648.27,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, +BioSNG,efficiency,0.665,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, +BioSNG,investment,1648.27,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, Biomass gasification,efficiency,0.4667,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, Biomass gasification,investment,1467.7693,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, @@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ Biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",, BtL,C in fuel,0.2922,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,C stored,0.7078,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2595,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BtL,FOM,2.8364,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BtL,VOM,1.1311,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,FOM,2.8364,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,VOM,1.1311,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, BtL,efficiency,0.4167,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0,, BtL,investment,2598.6944,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0,, -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, CCGT,FOM,2.0,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,FOM,2.0,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,FOM,2.0,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -82,22 +82,22 @@ CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-dat CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,c_b,2.1,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_b,2.1,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +CCGT,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, CCGT,investment,1172.5241957922008,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,investment,1172.5241957922008,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,investment,1172.5241957922008,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,investment,1172.5241957922008,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,investment,1172.5241957922008,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,investment,1172.5241957922008,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, @@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.4029,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.4029,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.32,t_CO2/MWh_FT,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,"Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).",,, Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.7,per unit,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, @@ -1032,12 +1032,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3.,,, Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.",,, -Haber-Bosch,investment,1194.148,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,investment,1194.148,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.",,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,0.05,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,efficiency,0.734,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, @@ -2204,11 +2204,11 @@ Nuclear - Small,investment,10170.012620697247,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.opene Nuclear - Small,investment,2979.200839396273,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced Nuclear - Small,investment,6373.765879286903,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate Nuclear - Small,investment,10170.012620697247,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -OCGT,FOM,1.7906,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -OCGT,investment,448.1992,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +OCGT,FOM,1.7906,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +OCGT,investment,448.1992,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.5189,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.4911,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.471,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3658,18 +3658,18 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0,, -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .",,, -air separation unit,investment,671233.0629,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +air separation unit,investment,671233.0629,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, -battery inverter,FOM,0.54,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -battery inverter,investment,105.8222,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +battery inverter,FOM,0.54,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +battery inverter,investment,105.8222,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, battery storage,FOM,2.22,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,FOM,2.26,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate battery storage,FOM,2.3,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3682,38 +3682,38 @@ battery storage,investment,2275.7193824468677,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.opene battery storage,investment,1278.6935363448383,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,1660.514026361502,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate battery storage,investment,2275.7193824468677,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3636,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,141538.54,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3636,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,141538.54,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,137.5427,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, bioethanol crops,fuel,86.1222,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biogas,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, -biogas CC,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas CC,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas manure,fuel,19.8782,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.0626,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,643.1443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.8139,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.0755,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,investment,136.4191,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.0626,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,643.1443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.8139,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,VOM,3.0755,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,investment,136.4191,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3752,165 +3752,165 @@ biomass,investment,4463.248081168639,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ biomass,investment,4463.248081168639,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate biomass,investment,4463.248081168639,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,investment,3239.492,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.023,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,investment,3239.492,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7257,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,VOM,3.1231,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.5312,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,investment,839.0781,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biomass boiler,FOM,7.5118,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.87,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,investment,654.3303,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,FOM,3.5606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,investment,3239.492,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.023,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass EOP,FOM,3.5606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,investment,3239.492,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,FOM,5.7257,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,VOM,3.1231,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,efficiency,0.5312,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,investment,839.0781,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biomass boiler,FOM,7.5118,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.87,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,investment,654.3303,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0,, biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4265,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5735,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2103,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.8083,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.8083,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,investment,2255.697,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9431,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5275,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,investment,1928.2647,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.2117,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3889,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,investment,2255.697,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,VOM,2.9431,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5275,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,investment,1928.2647,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.2117,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,FOM,3.3889,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,investment,571.4397,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,investment,571.4397,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3889,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,investment,571.4397,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,FOM,3.6,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4711,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.6163,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,investment,1481.8828,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.6088,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.6163,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4147,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4192,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.74,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,510.2956,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,FOM,1.6167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3889,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,investment,571.4397,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,FOM,3.6,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4711,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.6163,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,investment,1481.8828,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.6088,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.6163,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4147,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4192,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.74,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,510.2956,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,FOM,1.6167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3442.0984,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3442.0984,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4917.5537,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3442.0984,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,FOM,0.5934,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,investment,0.535,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3442.0984,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,FOM,0.5934,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,investment,0.535,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,,, @@ -3983,23 +3983,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0674,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0674,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,851.8684,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7099,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,851.8684,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7099,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.985,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,investment,299.1224,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,186.9515,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8994,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.985,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,investment,299.1224,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,186.9515,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8994,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -4013,48 +4013,48 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3177.8395,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, direct air capture,FOM,1.3,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,electricity-input,0.24,MWh_el/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, direct air capture,heat-input,1.17,MWh_th/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,investment,11034260.0394,USD/t_CO2/h,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,years,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0,, @@ -4070,11 +4070,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0,, -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC,,, @@ -4096,29 +4096,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.325,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.0989,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6443,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,investment,964224.6389,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2022.0,, -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6532,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1849,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency,0.6532,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1849,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, electrolysis,investment,1200.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0,, -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6532,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1849,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,investment,675.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -fuel cell,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6532,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1849,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,investment,675.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +fuel cell,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, fuelwood,fuel,13.193,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,,,, gas,fuel,14.05,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.96,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.96,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0,, @@ -4156,12 +4156,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,FOM,0.54,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,investment,152.982,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -home battery storage,investment,144.093,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,FOM,0.54,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,investment,152.982,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery storage,investment,144.093,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4196,23 +4196,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,2022 hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,15.0133,USD/kWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.8484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,28.6253,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.5873,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,882.132,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1096,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,735.11,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.8484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,28.6253,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.5873,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,882.132,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1096,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,735.11,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0,, iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, iron-air battery,investment,10.4,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, @@ -4257,11 +4257,11 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH,,, methanolisation,investment,611732.6641,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0,, methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0,, -micro CHP,FOM,6.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,investment,6970.4113,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +micro CHP,FOM,6.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,investment,6970.4113,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4324,7 +4324,7 @@ offwind,investment,3896.1161811018264,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3 offwind,investment,2744.84036843788,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced offwind,investment,3259.167825953445,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,3896.1161811018264,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -4338,12 +4338,12 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, -oil,FOM,2.4365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +oil,FOM,2.4365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, oil,fuel,44.22,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -oil,investment,359.2662,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +oil,investment,359.2662,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, onwind,CF,0.571945765027322,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced onwind,CF,0.536895,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate onwind,CF,0.51045,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4368,7 +4368,7 @@ onwind,investment,1466.9112509291103,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ onwind,investment,1175.9261842460237,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced onwind,investment,1261.4307119191492,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate onwind,investment,1466.9112509291103,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0,, @@ -4435,12 +4435,12 @@ solar-rooftop,investment,877.4402441804747,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.o solar-rooftop,investment,1135.9770579257422,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-rooftop,investment,1535.2110750962524,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.7372,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,460.516,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3731,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,investment,699.1231,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.7372,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,460.516,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3731,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,investment,699.1231,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solar-utility,CF,0.36318917778067694,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced solar-utility,CF,0.3442858401228646,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate solar-utility,CF,0.3214502386548362,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4465,42 +4465,42 @@ solar-utility,investment,1091.2717747262031,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei. solar-utility,investment,642.7871536832729,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced solar-utility,investment,824.5128809765989,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-utility,investment,1091.2717747262031,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.4459,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,384.3112,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.4459,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,384.3112,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,,,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3177.8395,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0,, -waste CHP,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP,VOM,27.5443,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2123,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7622,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,investment,8031.5216,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.5443,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2123,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7622,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,investment,8031.5216,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP,VOM,27.5443,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2123,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7622,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,investment,8031.5216,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,VOM,27.5443,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2123,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7622,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,investment,8031.5216,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv index 403cd5c3..19c169ff 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv @@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3686,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,C stored,0.6314,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2315,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6148,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BioSNG,VOM,1.728,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,FOM,1.6148,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,VOM,1.728,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, -BioSNG,investment,1621.685,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, +BioSNG,efficiency,0.6825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, +BioSNG,investment,1621.685,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, Biomass gasification,efficiency,0.4958,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, Biomass gasification,investment,1467.7693,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, @@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ Biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",, BtL,C in fuel,0.3039,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,C stored,0.6961,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2552,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BtL,FOM,2.9164,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,FOM,2.9164,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, BtL,efficiency,0.4333,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0,, BtL,investment,2338.825,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0,, -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, CCGT,FOM,2.03,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,FOM,2.03,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,FOM,2.03,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -82,22 +82,22 @@ CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-dat CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,c_b,2.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_b,2.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +CCGT,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, CCGT,investment,1123.6040169333548,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,investment,1123.6040169333548,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,investment,1123.6040169333548,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,investment,1123.6040169333548,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,investment,1123.6040169333548,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,investment,1123.6040169333548,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, @@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.818,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.818,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.32,t_CO2/MWh_FT,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,"Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).",,, Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.7,per unit,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, @@ -1032,12 +1032,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3.,,, Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.",,, -Haber-Bosch,investment,1054.8211,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,investment,1054.8211,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.",,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,0.05,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,efficiency,0.734,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, @@ -2204,11 +2204,11 @@ Nuclear - Small,investment,8914.45550703092,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei. Nuclear - Small,investment,2692.739220223554,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced Nuclear - Small,investment,5480.247298078459,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate Nuclear - Small,investment,8914.45550703092,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -OCGT,FOM,1.7964,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -OCGT,investment,442.0086,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +OCGT,FOM,1.7964,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +OCGT,investment,442.0086,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.5224,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.4935,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.4723,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3658,18 +3658,18 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0,, -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .",,, -air separation unit,investment,592917.0978,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +air separation unit,investment,592917.0978,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, -battery inverter,FOM,0.675,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -battery inverter,investment,84.6577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +battery inverter,FOM,0.675,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +battery inverter,investment,84.6577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, battery storage,FOM,2.2,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,FOM,2.25,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate battery storage,FOM,2.3,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3682,38 +3682,38 @@ battery storage,investment,2195.895737311857,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei battery storage,investment,1154.2156174951945,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,1510.915585958442,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate battery storage,investment,2195.895737311857,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.381,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,135104.97,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.381,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,135104.97,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,134.6872,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, bioethanol crops,fuel,87.9862,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biogas,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, -biogas CC,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas CC,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas manure,fuel,19.9144,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.6798,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,562.7513,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.4434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,VOM,2.8874,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,investment,130.7968,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.6798,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,562.7513,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.4434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,VOM,2.8874,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,investment,130.7968,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3752,165 +3752,165 @@ biomass,investment,4313.669217086782,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ biomass,investment,4313.669217086782,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate biomass,investment,4313.669217086782,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biomass CHP,FOM,3.549,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,investment,3160.6449,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0215,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass EOP,FOM,3.549,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,investment,3160.6449,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,VOM,3.2118,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.2806,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,investment,818.0661,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biomass boiler,FOM,7.5261,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.875,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,investment,637.9448,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,FOM,3.549,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,investment,3160.6449,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0215,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass EOP,FOM,3.549,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,investment,3160.6449,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,FOM,5.7111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,VOM,3.2118,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,efficiency,0.2806,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,investment,818.0661,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biomass boiler,FOM,7.5261,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.875,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,investment,637.9448,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0,, biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4332,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5668,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2078,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.1583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.1583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.64,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,investment,1904.4308,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,electricity-input,0.019,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.5715,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9122,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5312,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,investment,1907.9996,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.45,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,FOM,3.4245,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.64,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,investment,1904.4308,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,electricity-input,0.019,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.5715,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,VOM,2.9122,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5312,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,investment,1907.9996,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.45,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,FOM,3.4245,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,investment,560.8575,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,investment,560.8575,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.4245,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,investment,560.8575,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4698,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.411,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,investment,1457.9814,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.5475,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.411,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4654,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.745,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,496.8668,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,FOM,1.575,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.4245,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,investment,560.8575,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4698,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.411,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,investment,1457.9814,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.5475,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.411,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4654,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.745,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,496.8668,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,FOM,1.575,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3390.8967,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3390.8967,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4836.5672,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3390.8967,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,FOM,0.6171,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,investment,0.5144,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3390.8967,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,FOM,0.6171,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,investment,0.5144,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,,, @@ -3983,23 +3983,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.1033,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.1033,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,828.0584,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7194,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,828.0584,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7194,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9875,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,investment,291.6319,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,182.2699,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.9426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9875,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,investment,291.6319,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,182.2699,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.9426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.0125,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1322.777,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.0125,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1322.777,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -4013,48 +4013,48 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2913.0196,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, direct air capture,FOM,1.3,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,electricity-input,0.24,MWh_el/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, direct air capture,heat-input,1.17,MWh_th/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,investment,11034260.0394,USD/t_CO2/h,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,years,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0,, @@ -4070,11 +4070,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0,, -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.35,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.35,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC,,, @@ -4096,29 +4096,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3267,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.1173,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6503,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,investment,948077.241,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2022.0,, -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6763,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1571,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency,0.6763,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1571,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, electrolysis,investment,1100.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0,, -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6763,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1571,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,investment,575.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -fuel cell,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6763,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1571,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,investment,575.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +fuel cell,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, fuelwood,fuel,12.5949,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,,,, gas,fuel,14.05,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.85,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.935,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.85,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.935,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0,, @@ -4156,12 +4156,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,FOM,0.675,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,investment,122.6452,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -home battery storage,investment,129.8051,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,FOM,0.675,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,investment,122.6452,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery storage,investment,129.8051,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4196,23 +4196,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,2022 hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,15.0133,USD/kWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.873,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,25.424,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.4286,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0886,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.175,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,864.006,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1063,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,720.005,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.873,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,25.424,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.4286,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0886,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.175,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,864.006,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1063,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,720.005,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0,, iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, iron-air battery,investment,10.4,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, @@ -4257,11 +4257,11 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH,,, methanolisation,investment,565735.7731,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0,, methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0,, -micro CHP,FOM,6.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,investment,6534.7606,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +micro CHP,FOM,6.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,investment,6534.7606,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4324,7 +4324,7 @@ offwind,investment,3815.032908682297,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ offwind,investment,2641.4625083055157,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced offwind,investment,3163.568624971313,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,3815.032908682297,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -4338,12 +4338,12 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, -oil,FOM,2.4231,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +oil,FOM,2.4231,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, oil,fuel,44.22,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -oil,investment,357.4144,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +oil,investment,357.4144,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, onwind,CF,0.574396557377049,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced onwind,CF,0.5390475,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate onwind,CF,0.513525,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4368,7 +4368,7 @@ onwind,investment,1411.6709839852829,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ onwind,investment,1093.0531153812144,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced onwind,investment,1188.1694560853446,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate onwind,investment,1411.6709839852829,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0,, @@ -4435,12 +4435,12 @@ solar-rooftop,investment,825.6682539860877,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.o solar-rooftop,investment,1032.5946461503024,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-rooftop,investment,1387.285272398717,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.7726,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,437.2089,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3858,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,investment,667.4686,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.7726,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,437.2089,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3858,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,investment,667.4686,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solar-utility,CF,0.3695025469205262,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced solar-utility,CF,0.3505808243818462,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate solar-utility,CF,0.32972054725935973,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4465,42 +4465,42 @@ solar-utility,investment,993.296459172623,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.or solar-utility,investment,602.6779516748321,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced solar-utility,investment,753.7046183341562,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-utility,investment,993.296459172623,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.4972,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,368.412,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.4972,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,368.412,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,,,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,2913.0196,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0,, -waste CHP,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP,VOM,27.2845,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2144,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7624,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,investment,7755.9852,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.2845,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2144,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7624,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,investment,7755.9852,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP,VOM,27.2845,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2144,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7624,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,investment,7755.9852,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,VOM,27.2845,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2144,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7624,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,investment,7755.9852,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv index ff9bba25..cc542137 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv @@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.378,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,C stored,0.622,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2281,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6067,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BioSNG,VOM,1.7014,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,FOM,1.6067,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BioSNG,VOM,1.7014,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0,, BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, -BioSNG,investment,1595.1,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, +BioSNG,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0,, +BioSNG,investment,1595.1,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0,, BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, Biomass gasification,efficiency,0.525,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, Biomass gasification,investment,1467.7693,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, @@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ Biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",, BtL,C in fuel,0.3156,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,C stored,0.6844,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, BtL,CO2 stored,0.251,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -BtL,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0,, BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, BtL,efficiency,0.45,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0,, BtL,investment,2078.9555,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0,, -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0,, CCGT,FOM,2.05,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,FOM,2.05,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,FOM,2.05,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -82,22 +82,22 @@ CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-dat CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,VOM,6.94,USD/MWh,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,c_b,2.2,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_b,2.2,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,discount rate,0.0535847804878049,per unit,"NREL, NREL ATB 2024",,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +CCGT,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, CCGT,investment,1074.572402587359,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced CCGT,investment,1074.572402587359,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate CCGT,investment,1074.572402587359,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative CCGT,investment,1074.572402587359,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced CCGT,investment,1074.572402587359,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate CCGT,investment,1074.572402587359,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0,, CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0,, @@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.2331,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.2331,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0,, Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.32,t_CO2/MWh_FT,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,"Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).",,, Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.7,per unit,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, @@ -1032,12 +1032,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3.,,, Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.",,, -Haber-Bosch,investment,915.4941,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,investment,915.4941,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.",,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,0.05,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,2010.0,, Heavy oil partial oxidation,efficiency,0.734,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",,,, @@ -2204,11 +2204,11 @@ Nuclear - Small,investment,7972.787671781175,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei Nuclear - Small,investment,2406.277601050836,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced Nuclear - Small,investment,4884.568243939496,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate Nuclear - Small,investment,7972.787671781175,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -OCGT,FOM,1.8023,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -OCGT,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -OCGT,investment,435.818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +OCGT,FOM,1.8023,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +OCGT,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +OCGT,investment,435.818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.5251,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.4953,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate Offshore Wind - Class 10,CF,0.4734,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3658,18 +3658,18 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0,, Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0,, -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .",,, -air separation unit,investment,514601.1327,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +air separation unit,investment,514601.1327,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0,, +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0,, -battery inverter,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -battery inverter,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +battery inverter,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +battery inverter,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, battery storage,FOM,2.17,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,FOM,2.23,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate battery storage,FOM,2.29,%/year,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3682,38 +3682,38 @@ battery storage,investment,2116.072092176847,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei battery storage,investment,1029.7553766985518,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,1361.7370189395238,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate battery storage,investment,2116.072092176847,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,128671.4,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,128671.4,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,131.8317,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, bioethanol crops,fuel,89.8502,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biogas,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0,, biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,,,, -biogas CC,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas CC,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0,, +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biogas manure,fuel,19.9506,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.2969,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,482.3582,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,VOM,2.6993,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,investment,125.1744,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.2969,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,482.3582,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,VOM,2.6993,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,investment,125.1744,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0,, +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate biomass,CF,0.6,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -3752,165 +3752,165 @@ biomass,investment,4135.457972325422,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ biomass,investment,4135.457972325422,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate biomass,investment,4135.457972325422,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,investment,3081.7978,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,investment,3081.7978,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,FOM,5.6957,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,VOM,3.3005,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -biomass HOP,investment,797.0541,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -biomass boiler,FOM,7.5412,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.88,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,investment,621.5592,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,FOM,3.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,investment,3081.7978,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0,, +biomass EOP,FOM,3.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,investment,3081.7978,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,FOM,5.6957,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,VOM,3.3005,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,efficiency,0.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +biomass HOP,investment,797.0541,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0,, +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +biomass boiler,FOM,7.5412,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.88,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,investment,621.5592,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0,, +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0,, biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.44,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.56,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2053,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0,, biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,investment,1553.1646,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,electricity-input,0.018,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,investment,1800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.8255,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,VOM,2.8813,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.535,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, -central coal CHP,investment,1887.7345,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,investment,1553.1646,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0,, +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,electricity-input,0.018,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,investment,1800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.8255,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,VOM,2.8813,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.535,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0,, +central coal CHP,investment,1887.7345,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,investment,550.2752,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,investment,550.2752,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,investment,550.2752,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4684,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.2056,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,investment,1434.0801,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.4861,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.2056,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4378,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.5116,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,483.438,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,FOM,1.5333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,investment,550.2752,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4684,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.2056,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,investment,1434.0801,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.4861,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.2056,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4378,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.5116,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,483.438,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0,, +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,FOM,1.5333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0,, +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3339.6951,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3339.6951,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4755.697,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3339.6951,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,FOM,0.6429,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,investment,0.4938,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3339.6951,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,FOM,0.6429,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,investment,0.4938,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0,, +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0,, clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,,, @@ -3983,23 +3983,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.1413,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.1413,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,804.2484,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7293,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,804.2484,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7293,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,investment,284.1413,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,177.5883,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.9895,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,investment,284.1413,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,177.5883,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.9895,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -4013,48 +4013,48 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0,, +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0,, decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0,, +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2648.1996,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, direct air capture,FOM,1.3,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,electricity-input,0.24,MWh_el/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, direct air capture,heat-input,1.17,MWh_th/t_CO2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,investment,11034260.0394,USD/t_CO2/h,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0,, direct air capture,years,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,,, -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0,, @@ -4070,11 +4070,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0,, electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0,, -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0,, +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0,, electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0,, electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC,,, @@ -4096,29 +4096,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3283,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.1364,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6563,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,,,, electrobiofuels,investment,931929.843,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2022.0,, -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency,0.6994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, electrolysis,investment,1000.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0,, -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,investment,475.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, -fuel cell,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,investment,475.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0,, +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0,, +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +fuel cell,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0,, +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, fuelwood,fuel,11.9967,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0,, gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,,,, gas,fuel,14.05,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.74,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.94,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.74,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.94,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0,, gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0,, @@ -4156,12 +4156,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,investment,92.5188,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -home battery storage,investment,114.9165,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, -home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,investment,92.5188,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +home battery storage,investment,114.9165,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0,, +home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate hydro,CF,0.33,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4196,23 +4196,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,2022 hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,15.0133,USD/kWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,,2022.0,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,-,,, hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.9048,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,22.2227,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.2699,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,845.88,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,704.9,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.9048,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,22.2227,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.2699,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0,, +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,845.88,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,704.9,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0,, iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, iron-air battery,investment,10.4,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,, @@ -4257,11 +4257,11 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH,,, methanolisation,investment,519738.882,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0,, methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0,, -micro CHP,FOM,6.4286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, -micro CHP,investment,6099.1099,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +micro CHP,FOM,6.4286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0,, +micro CHP,investment,6099.1099,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0,, +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate nuclear,CF,0.93,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4324,7 +4324,7 @@ offwind,investment,3750.0838044308034,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3 offwind,investment,2559.9516152941696,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced offwind,investment,3087.59817371129,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,3750.0838044308034,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, @@ -4338,12 +4338,12 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, -oil,FOM,2.4095,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, +oil,FOM,2.4095,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, oil,fuel,44.22,USD/MWh_th,World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets,,2010.0,, -oil,investment,355.5625,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +oil,investment,355.5625,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0,, +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, onwind,CF,0.576850956284153,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced onwind,CF,0.5412,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate onwind,CF,0.5166,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4368,7 +4368,7 @@ onwind,investment,1356.4307170414445,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_ onwind,investment,1010.1800465163968,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced onwind,investment,1114.9082002515315,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate onwind,investment,1356.4307170414445,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, +onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0,, organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0,, @@ -4435,12 +4435,12 @@ solar-rooftop,investment,773.8962637917009,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.o solar-rooftop,investment,929.2122343748616,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-rooftop,investment,1239.359469701182,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.812,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,413.9018,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3998,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,investment,635.814,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.812,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,413.9018,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3998,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,investment,635.814,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solar-utility,CF,0.3758159160603752,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Advanced solar-utility,CF,0.3568758086408277,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Moderate solar-utility,CF,0.33799085586388306,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,Market,Conservative @@ -4465,42 +4465,42 @@ solar-utility,investment,895.3211436190419,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.o solar-utility,investment,562.568749666391,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Advanced solar-utility,investment,682.8963556917138,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Moderate solar-utility,investment,895.3211436190419,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,,2022.0,R&D,Conservative -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.5531,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,352.5127,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.5531,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,352.5127,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0,, +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,,,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0,, +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,,, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,2648.1996,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0,, uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0,, -waste CHP,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP,VOM,27.0247,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2165,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP,investment,7480.4488,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.0247,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2165,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,investment,7480.4488,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP,VOM,27.0247,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2165,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP,investment,7480.4488,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,VOM,27.0247,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2165,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,investment,7480.4488,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0,, +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0,, water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/costs_2020.csv index 772860b1..ab101fe5 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2020.csv @@ -44,28 +44,28 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.324,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.676,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2479,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.608,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.8712,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.608,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,2.8712,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2658.5,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,2658.5,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.2455,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.7545,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2767,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 +BtL,FOM,2.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, BtL,efficiency,0.35,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,3638.1722,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3295,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.8,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,931.235,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 +CCGT,FOM,3.3295,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,c_b,1.8,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +CCGT,investment,931.235,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.636,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.636,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.36,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -305,12 +305,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1785.0713,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,investment,1785.0713,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 @@ -445,11 +445,11 @@ Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2238,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,investment,344828.4062,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7772,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,480.3903,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +OCGT,FOM,1.7772,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +OCGT,investment,480.3903,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -533,215 +533,215 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2481,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,276873.6097,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,1003392.2397,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +air separation unit,investment,1003392.2397,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -battery inverter,investment,285.7198,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -battery storage,investment,245.5074,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,167272.82,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +battery inverter,investment,285.7198,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +battery storage,investment,245.5074,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,167272.82,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,96.2077,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 bioethanol crops,fuel,62.1519,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas CC,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas manure,fuel,19.7575,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.5939,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,964.7165,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.1613,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,192.9697,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.5939,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,964.7165,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,4.1613,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,192.9697,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3300000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.8029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.2361,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,926.3933,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.3854,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,722.4205,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass CHP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,3300000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass EOP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass EOP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass HOP,FOM,5.8029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 +biomass HOP,VOM,2.2361,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 +biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass HOP,investment,926.3933,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biomass boiler,FOM,7.3854,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +biomass boiler,investment,722.4205,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.3926,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.6074,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2227,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,21.6979,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,21.6979,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,5591.3924,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0688,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.485,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,2010.6211,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,5591.3924,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,VOM,3.0688,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.485,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 +central coal CHP,investment,2010.6211,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4715,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.0281,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,1625.2908,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.3935,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.0281,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3546,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.0392,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,596.837,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.5286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.9524,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas boiler,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central gas boiler,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4715,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.0281,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,investment,1625.2908,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.3935,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.0281,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3546,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.0392,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,596.837,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central resistive heater,FOM,1.5286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,VOM,0.9524,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central resistive heater,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5767.0987,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.5176,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.6133,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.8942,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.78,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit storage,FOM,0.5176,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water pit storage,investment,0.6133,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water pit storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.8942,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.78,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, @@ -765,23 +765,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9578,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9578,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,994.7283,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.5595,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,994.7283,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.5595,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.97,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,330.2494,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,206.4059,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8535,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.97,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,investment,330.2494,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,206.4059,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8535,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1587.3324,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1587.3324,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -795,47 +795,47 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.7408,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.7408,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,4237.1194,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -851,11 +851,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8711,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,80.56,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8711,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,80.56,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -877,29 +877,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3183,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.1766,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6217,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,investment,559887.2932,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 electrolysis,investment,2000.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,1900.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis small,investment,1900.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +fuel cell,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,15.9997,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.1077,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,54.9273,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.1077,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,54.9273,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -914,12 +914,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -home battery inverter,investment,398.9496,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -home battery storage,investment,342.3682,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +home battery inverter,investment,398.9496,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery storage,investment,342.3682,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -932,23 +932,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): http hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0526,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,60.3186,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,3.1747,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0928,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,2.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1052.7581,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1113,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,877.2984,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0526,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,60.3186,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,investment,3.1747,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0928,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,2.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1052.7581,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1113,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,877.2984,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 iron-air battery,investment,23.45,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 @@ -993,21 +993,21 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, methanolisation,investment,819108.478,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.599,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,10630.1681,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +micro CHP,FOM,6.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.599,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,investment,10630.1681,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.5093,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 +offwind,FOM,2.5093,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1992.6105,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +offwind,investment,1992.6105,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 +offwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -1021,16 +1021,16 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.5656,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +oil,FOM,2.5656,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2514,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.5873,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1183.9119,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +onwind,FOM,1.2514,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +onwind,VOM,1.5873,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 +onwind,investment,1183.9119,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +onwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 @@ -1054,50 +1054,50 @@ solar-rooftop,FOM,1.1471,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed inv solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 solar-rooftop,investment,1057.1237,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 solar-rooftop,lifetime,35.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.2152,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,872.3118,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.079,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1241.9355,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.0089,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,562.5,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,1.8605,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,650.3522,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.2152,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,872.3118,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.079,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,investment,1241.9355,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility,FOM,2.0089,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility,investment,562.5,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,1.8605,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,650.3522,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,4237.1194,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/costs_2025.csv index 640345c3..729814c6 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2025.csv @@ -44,28 +44,28 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3321,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.6679,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2449,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6195,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.3395,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6195,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,2.3395,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.615,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2179.97,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.615,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,2179.97,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.2571,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.7429,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2724,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.5263,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 +BtL,FOM,2.5263,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, BtL,efficiency,0.3667,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,3378.3027,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3392,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.9,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.57,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,904.7795,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 +CCGT,FOM,3.3392,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,c_b,1.9,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,efficiency,0.57,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +CCGT,investment,904.7795,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.0512,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.0512,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.343,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -305,12 +305,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1622.5424,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,investment,1622.5424,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 @@ -445,11 +445,11 @@ Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.225,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,investment,306333.1401,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7784,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,470.4853,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +OCGT,FOM,1.7784,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +OCGT,investment,470.4853,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -533,215 +533,215 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2362,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,258047.096,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,912034.4091,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +air separation unit,investment,912034.4091,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.2512,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -battery inverter,investment,227.5176,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -battery storage,investment,197.8874,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,167272.82,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +battery inverter,FOM,0.2512,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +battery inverter,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +battery inverter,investment,227.5176,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +battery storage,investment,197.8874,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,167272.82,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,116.9293,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 bioethanol crops,fuel,72.2943,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas CC,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas manure,fuel,19.8126,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.2111,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,884.3234,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.4251,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,205.2039,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.2111,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,884.3234,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,4.4251,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,205.2039,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.2255,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4554,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2998,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7088,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3487.6605,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.2255,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4554,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2998,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7088,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3487.6605,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.5909,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,903.7477,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,704.761,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP,FOM,3.5955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass CHP,VOM,2.2255,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4554,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2998,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7088,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,investment,3487.6605,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass EOP,FOM,3.5955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass EOP,VOM,2.2255,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4554,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2998,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7088,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,investment,3487.6605,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass HOP,FOM,5.7785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 +biomass HOP,VOM,2.5909,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 +biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass HOP,investment,903.7477,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biomass boiler,FOM,7.434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +biomass boiler,investment,704.761,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4028,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5972,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.219,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1905,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,18.0816,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1905,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,18.0816,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,4348.8608,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0369,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.925,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5025,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1989.708,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.313,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.98,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,4348.8608,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,2800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,VOM,3.0369,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_b,0.925,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5025,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 +central coal CHP,investment,1989.708,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,FOM,3.313,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,c_b,0.98,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,608.4774,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP,investment,608.4774,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.313,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.98,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,608.4774,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.1111,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.035,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,58.2022,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4691,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.0453,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,1577.4881,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.2884,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.0453,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3733,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.183,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.72,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,566.9951,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.6077,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0053,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,68.7844,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.313,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.98,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,investment,608.4774,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas boiler,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,VOM,1.1111,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.035,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central gas boiler,investment,58.2022,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4691,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.0453,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,investment,1577.4881,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.2884,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.0453,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3733,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.183,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.72,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,566.9951,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central resistive heater,FOM,1.6077,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0053,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central resistive heater,investment,68.7844,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3642.4702,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3642.4702,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5617.7823,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3642.4702,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.5338,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.5947,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3642.4702,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit storage,FOM,0.5338,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water pit storage,investment,0.5947,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water pit storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, @@ -765,23 +765,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,947.1084,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.6243,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,947.1084,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.6243,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,322.1765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,201.3603,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8384,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,investment,322.1765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,201.3603,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8384,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1534.4214,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1534.4214,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -795,47 +795,47 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.8995,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.8995,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3972.2994,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -851,11 +851,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3933,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8761,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,75.525,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3933,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8761,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,75.525,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -877,29 +877,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.32,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.1951,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6272,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,investment,512440.2631,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.264,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency,0.5874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.264,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 electrolysis,investment,1800.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.264,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,1400.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.264,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis small,investment,1400.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +fuel cell,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,15.261,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0574,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,50.35,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0574,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,50.35,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -914,12 +914,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2512,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -home battery inverter,investment,321.2749,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -home battery storage,investment,280.1877,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery inverter,FOM,0.2512,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +home battery inverter,investment,321.2749,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery storage,investment,280.1877,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -932,23 +932,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): http hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0794,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,53.9217,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.6456,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0929,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,996.93,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1115,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,830.775,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0794,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,53.9217,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.6456,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0929,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,996.93,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1115,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,830.775,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 iron-air battery,investment,23.45,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 @@ -993,21 +993,21 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, methanolisation,investment,761417.4621,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.4286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.604,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,9224.3988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +micro CHP,FOM,6.4286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.604,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,investment,9224.3988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.3741,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 +offwind,FOM,2.3741,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1769.1171,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +offwind,investment,1769.1171,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -1021,16 +1021,16 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.5143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +oil,FOM,2.5143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2347,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.508,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1139.8826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,28.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +onwind,FOM,1.2347,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +onwind,VOM,1.508,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 +onwind,investment,1139.8826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +onwind,lifetime,28.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 @@ -1054,50 +1054,50 @@ solar-rooftop,FOM,1.2567,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed inv solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 solar-rooftop,investment,880.0251,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 solar-rooftop,lifetime,37.5,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.3559,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,719.0594,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.1576,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1040.9908,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.1982,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,473.1156,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.0365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,552.4113,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.3559,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,719.0594,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.1576,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,investment,1040.9908,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility,FOM,2.1982,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility,investment,473.1156,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.0365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,552.4113,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3972.2994,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,28.4644,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2051,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7627,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,8829.8509,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,28.4644,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2051,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7627,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,8829.8509,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP,VOM,28.4644,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2051,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7627,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,investment,8829.8509,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,VOM,28.4644,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2051,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7627,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,investment,8829.8509,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/costs_2030.csv index 23530ac9..d623a11c 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2030.csv @@ -44,28 +44,28 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3402,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.6598,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2419,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.8078,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,1.8078,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1701.44,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,1701.44,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.2688,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.7312,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2681,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 +BtL,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, BtL,efficiency,0.3833,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,3118.4333,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3494,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,878.324,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 +CCGT,FOM,3.3494,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,c_b,2.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +CCGT,investment,878.324,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.4663,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.4663,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.326,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -305,12 +305,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1460.0135,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,investment,1460.0135,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 @@ -445,11 +445,11 @@ Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7795,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,460.5804,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +OCGT,FOM,1.7795,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +OCGT,investment,460.5804,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -533,215 +533,215 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,820676.5784,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +air separation unit,investment,820676.5784,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -battery inverter,investment,169.3155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -battery storage,investment,150.2675,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,154405.68,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +battery inverter,FOM,0.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +battery inverter,investment,169.3155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +battery storage,investment,150.2675,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,154405.68,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,137.6508,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 bioethanol crops,fuel,82.4367,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas CC,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas manure,fuel,19.8676,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.8282,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,803.9304,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.6704,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,170.2068,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.8282,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,803.9304,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,3.6704,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,170.2068,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5822,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3397.1862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2700000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5822,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3397.1862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7529,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.9457,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,881.102,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.4851,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,687.1015,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP,FOM,3.5822,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,investment,3397.1862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,2700000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass EOP,FOM,3.5822,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,investment,3397.1862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass HOP,FOM,5.7529,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 +biomass HOP,VOM,2.9457,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 +biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass HOP,investment,881.102,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biomass boiler,FOM,7.4851,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +biomass boiler,investment,687.1015,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4129,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5871,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2153,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.61,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,3106.3291,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.022,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.54,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2600000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.6561,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.005,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.52,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1968.7948,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.127,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.61,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,3106.3291,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.022,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.54,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,2600000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.6561,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,VOM,3.005,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.52,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 +central coal CHP,investment,1968.7948,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.127,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,FOM,3.3214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,592.6041,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP,investment,592.6041,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,592.6041,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.8,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4735,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.4843,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,1529.6854,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.7314,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.4843,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.394,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.3268,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.73,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,537.1533,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,investment,592.6041,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas boiler,FOM,3.8,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4735,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.4843,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,investment,1529.6854,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.7314,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.4843,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.394,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.3268,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.73,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,537.1533,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central resistive heater,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3544.5017,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3544.5017,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5207.5282,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3544.5017,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.551,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.5761,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.6826,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3544.5017,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit storage,FOM,0.551,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water pit storage,investment,0.5761,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.6826,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, @@ -765,23 +765,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0014,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0014,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,899.4884,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.6924,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,899.4884,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.6924,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.98,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,314.1035,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,196.3147,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8223,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.98,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,investment,314.1035,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,196.3147,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8223,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -795,47 +795,47 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3707.4795,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.0,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,6000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,1.0,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,6000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -851,11 +851,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8811,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8811,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -877,29 +877,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3217,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2142,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6328,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,investment,466206.9921,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6217,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2228,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency,0.6217,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2228,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 electrolysis,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6217,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2228,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,875.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6217,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2228,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis small,investment,875.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +fuel cell,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,14.5224,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,4.18,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,4.18,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -914,12 +914,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.3375,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -home battery inverter,investment,241.3377,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -home battery storage,investment,214.7158,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery inverter,FOM,0.3375,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +home battery inverter,investment,241.3377,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery storage,investment,214.7158,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -932,23 +932,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): http hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.1133,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,47.5247,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.1164,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0931,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,941.1019,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1117,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,784.2516,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.1133,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,47.5247,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.1164,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0931,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,941.1019,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1117,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,784.2516,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 iron-air battery,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 iron-air battery,investment,15.61,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 @@ -993,21 +993,21 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, methanolisation,investment,703726.4462,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,7841.7127,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +micro CHP,FOM,6.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,investment,7841.7127,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.3185,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 +offwind,FOM,2.3185,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1682.1226,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +offwind,investment,1682.1226,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -1021,16 +1021,16 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.463,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +oil,FOM,2.463,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.4286,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1095.8533,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +onwind,FOM,1.2167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +onwind,VOM,1.4286,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 +onwind,investment,1095.8533,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 @@ -1054,50 +1054,50 @@ solar-rooftop,FOM,1.4234,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed inv solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 solar-rooftop,investment,702.9265,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.573,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,565.8069,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.2737,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,840.0461,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.4757,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,383.7312,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.2884,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,454.4703,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.573,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,565.8069,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.2737,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,investment,840.0461,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility,FOM,2.4757,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility,investment,383.7312,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.2884,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,454.4703,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3707.4795,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,28.064,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2081,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7619,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,8582.5944,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,28.064,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2081,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7619,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,8582.5944,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP,VOM,28.064,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2081,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7619,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,investment,8582.5944,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,VOM,28.064,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2081,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7619,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,investment,8582.5944,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/costs_2035.csv index e7109aa1..d5099e19 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2035.csv @@ -44,28 +44,28 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3496,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.6504,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2385,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6302,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.7812,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6302,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,1.7812,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6475,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1674.855,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.6475,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,1674.855,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.2805,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.7195,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2638,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.7484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 +BtL,FOM,2.7484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, BtL,efficiency,0.4,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,2858.5639,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3252,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.05,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.585,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,870.3873,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 +CCGT,FOM,3.3252,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,c_b,2.05,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,efficiency,0.585,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +CCGT,investment,870.3873,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.9346,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.9346,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.3135,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -305,12 +305,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1327.0808,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,investment,1327.0808,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 @@ -445,11 +445,11 @@ Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,454.3898,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +OCGT,FOM,1.785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +OCGT,investment,454.3898,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -533,215 +533,215 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,745954.8206,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +air separation unit,investment,745954.8206,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.4154,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -battery inverter,investment,137.5688,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -battery storage,investment,124.8702,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,147972.11,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +battery inverter,FOM,0.4154,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +battery inverter,investment,137.5688,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +battery storage,investment,124.8702,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,147972.11,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,137.5968,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 bioethanol crops,fuel,84.2795,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas CC,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas manure,fuel,19.8729,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.4454,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,723.5374,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.3842,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.373,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,153.313,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.4454,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,723.5374,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.3842,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,3.373,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,153.313,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5717,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3318.3391,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.024,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2550000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5717,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3318.3391,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7396,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.0344,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.7818,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,860.0901,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.4981,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.865,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,670.7159,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP,FOM,3.5717,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,investment,3318.3391,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.024,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,2550000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass EOP,FOM,3.5717,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,investment,3318.3391,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass HOP,FOM,5.7396,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 +biomass HOP,VOM,3.0344,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 +biomass HOP,efficiency,0.7818,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass HOP,investment,860.0901,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biomass boiler,FOM,7.4981,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.865,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +biomass boiler,investment,670.7159,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4197,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5803,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2128,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.5331,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.5331,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,2681.013,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.021,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.51,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.4868,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.25,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9741,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5238,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1948.5297,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.1694,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,2681.013,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.021,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.51,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.4868,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.25,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,VOM,2.9741,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5238,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 +central coal CHP,investment,1948.5297,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.1694,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,FOM,3.3545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4723,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.5503,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,1505.7841,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.6701,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.5503,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4041,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.373,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.735,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,523.7245,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.6583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas boiler,FOM,3.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4723,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.5503,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,investment,1505.7841,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.6701,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.5503,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4041,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.373,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.735,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,523.7245,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central resistive heater,FOM,1.6583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3493.3,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3493.3,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5061.4763,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3493.3,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.5714,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.5556,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.5768,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3493.3,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit storage,FOM,0.5714,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water pit storage,investment,0.5556,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.5768,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, @@ -765,23 +765,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0335,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0335,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,875.6784,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7009,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,875.6784,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7009,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,306.613,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,191.6331,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8594,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,investment,306.613,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,191.6331,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8594,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9375,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1428.5992,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9375,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1428.5992,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -795,47 +795,47 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3442.6595,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.875,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,5500000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,0.875,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,5500000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -851,11 +851,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8333,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8333,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -877,29 +877,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3233,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2339,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6385,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,investment,428759.8057,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6374,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2039,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency,0.6374,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2039,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 electrolysis,investment,1350.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6374,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2039,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,775.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6374,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2039,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis small,investment,775.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +fuel cell,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,13.8577,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,4.07,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,4.07,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -914,12 +914,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.4154,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -home battery inverter,investment,197.4367,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -home battery storage,investment,179.5623,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery inverter,FOM,0.4154,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +home battery inverter,investment,197.4367,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery storage,investment,179.5623,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -932,23 +932,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): http hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.3897,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,38.075,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.8519,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0922,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,911.617,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1107,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,759.6808,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.3897,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,38.075,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.8519,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0922,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,911.617,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1107,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,759.6808,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 iron-air battery,FOM,1.1063,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 iron-air battery,investment,11.79,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 @@ -993,21 +993,21 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, methanolisation,investment,657729.5552,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.1765,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,7406.062,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +micro CHP,FOM,6.1765,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,investment,7406.062,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 +offwind,FOM,2.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1622.2443,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +offwind,investment,1622.2443,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -1021,16 +1021,16 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.4498,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +oil,FOM,2.4498,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,361.1181,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2017,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.3715,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1065.167,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +oil,investment,361.1181,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +onwind,FOM,1.2017,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +onwind,VOM,1.3715,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 +onwind,investment,1065.167,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 @@ -1054,50 +1054,50 @@ solar-rooftop,FOM,1.4828,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed inv solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 solar-rooftop,investment,641.373,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.6467,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,513.1614,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3189,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,769.5846,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.498,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,352.2779,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.3606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,419.3908,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.6467,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,513.1614,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3189,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,investment,769.5846,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility,FOM,2.498,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility,investment,352.2779,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.3606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,419.3908,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3442.6595,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,27.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2102,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,8307.058,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2102,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,8307.058,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP,VOM,27.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2102,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,investment,8307.058,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,VOM,27.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2102,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,investment,8307.058,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/costs_2040.csv index 3ff63cb7..4e829332 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2040.csv @@ -44,28 +44,28 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3591,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.6409,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.235,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6226,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.7546,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6226,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,1.7546,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.665,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1648.27,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.665,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,1648.27,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.2922,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.7078,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2595,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.8364,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1311,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 +BtL,FOM,2.8364,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1311,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, BtL,efficiency,0.4167,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,2598.6944,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3006,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.1,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,862.4506,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 +CCGT,FOM,3.3006,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,c_b,2.1,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +CCGT,investment,862.4506,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.4029,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.4029,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.301,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -305,12 +305,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1194.148,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,investment,1194.148,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 @@ -445,11 +445,11 @@ Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7906,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,448.1992,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +OCGT,FOM,1.7906,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +OCGT,investment,448.1992,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -533,215 +533,215 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,671233.0629,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +air separation unit,investment,671233.0629,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.54,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -battery inverter,investment,105.8222,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -battery storage,investment,99.4728,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3636,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,141538.54,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +battery inverter,FOM,0.54,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +battery inverter,investment,105.8222,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +battery storage,investment,99.4728,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3636,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,141538.54,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,137.5427,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 bioethanol crops,fuel,86.1222,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas CC,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas manure,fuel,19.8782,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.0626,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,643.1443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.8139,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.0755,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,136.4191,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.0626,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,643.1443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.8139,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,3.0755,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,136.4191,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3239.492,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.023,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3239.492,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7257,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.1231,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.5312,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,839.0781,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.5118,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.87,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,654.3303,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP,FOM,3.5606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,investment,3239.492,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.023,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass EOP,FOM,3.5606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,investment,3239.492,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass HOP,FOM,5.7257,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 +biomass HOP,VOM,3.1231,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 +biomass HOP,efficiency,0.5312,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass HOP,investment,839.0781,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biomass boiler,FOM,7.5118,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.87,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +biomass boiler,investment,654.3303,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4265,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5735,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2103,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.8083,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.8083,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,2255.697,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9431,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5275,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1928.2647,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.2117,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3889,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,2255.697,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,VOM,2.9431,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5275,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 +central coal CHP,investment,1928.2647,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.2117,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,FOM,3.3889,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,571.4397,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP,investment,571.4397,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3889,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,571.4397,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.6,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4711,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.6163,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,1481.8828,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.6088,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.6163,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4147,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4192,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.74,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,510.2956,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.6167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3889,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,investment,571.4397,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas boiler,FOM,3.6,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4711,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.6163,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,investment,1481.8828,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.6088,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.6163,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4147,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4192,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.74,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,510.2956,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central resistive heater,FOM,1.6167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3442.0984,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3442.0984,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4917.5537,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3442.0984,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.5934,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.535,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3442.0984,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit storage,FOM,0.5934,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water pit storage,investment,0.535,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, @@ -765,23 +765,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0674,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0674,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,851.8684,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7099,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,851.8684,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7099,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.985,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,299.1224,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,186.9515,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8994,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.985,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,investment,299.1224,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,186.9515,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8994,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -795,47 +795,47 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3177.8395,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,5000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,5000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -851,11 +851,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -877,29 +877,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.325,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2543,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6443,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,investment,392280.346,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6532,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1849,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency,0.6532,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1849,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 electrolysis,investment,1200.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6532,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1849,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,675.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6532,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1849,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis small,investment,675.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +fuel cell,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,13.193,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.96,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.96,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -914,12 +914,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.54,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -home battery inverter,investment,152.982,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -home battery storage,investment,144.093,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery inverter,FOM,0.54,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +home battery inverter,investment,152.982,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery storage,investment,144.093,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -932,23 +932,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): http hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.8484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,28.6253,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.5873,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,882.132,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1096,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,735.11,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.8484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,28.6253,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.5873,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,882.132,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1096,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,735.11,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 iron-air battery,investment,10.4,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 @@ -993,21 +993,21 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, methanolisation,investment,611732.6641,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,6970.4113,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +micro CHP,FOM,6.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,investment,6970.4113,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.1762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 +offwind,FOM,2.1762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1562.3661,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +offwind,investment,1562.3661,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -1021,16 +1021,16 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.4365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +oil,FOM,2.4365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,359.2662,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1858,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.3143,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1034.4807,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +oil,investment,359.2662,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +onwind,FOM,1.1858,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +onwind,VOM,1.3143,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 +onwind,investment,1034.4807,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 @@ -1054,50 +1054,50 @@ solar-rooftop,FOM,1.5552,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed inv solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 solar-rooftop,investment,579.8196,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.7372,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,460.516,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3731,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,699.1231,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.5247,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,320.8246,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.4459,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,384.3112,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.7372,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,460.516,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3731,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,investment,699.1231,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility,FOM,2.5247,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility,investment,320.8246,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.4459,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,384.3112,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3177.8395,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,27.5443,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2123,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7622,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,8031.5216,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.5443,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2123,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7622,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,8031.5216,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP,VOM,27.5443,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2123,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7622,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,investment,8031.5216,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,VOM,27.5443,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2123,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7622,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,investment,8031.5216,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/costs_2045.csv index 7aafd4ea..de108515 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2045.csv @@ -44,28 +44,28 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3686,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.6314,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2315,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6148,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.728,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6148,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,1.728,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1621.685,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.6825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,1621.685,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.3039,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.6961,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2552,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.9164,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 +BtL,FOM,2.9164,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, BtL,efficiency,0.4333,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,2338.825,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.2755,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,854.514,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 +CCGT,FOM,3.2755,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,c_b,2.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +CCGT,investment,854.514,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.818,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.818,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.2885,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -305,12 +305,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1054.8211,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,investment,1054.8211,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 @@ -445,11 +445,11 @@ Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7964,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,442.0086,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +OCGT,FOM,1.7964,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +OCGT,investment,442.0086,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -533,215 +533,215 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,592917.0978,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +air separation unit,investment,592917.0978,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.675,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -battery inverter,investment,84.6577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -battery storage,investment,89.4197,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.381,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,135104.97,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +battery inverter,FOM,0.675,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +battery inverter,investment,84.6577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +battery storage,investment,89.4197,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.381,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,135104.97,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,134.6872,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 bioethanol crops,fuel,87.9862,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas CC,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas manure,fuel,19.9144,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.6798,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,562.7513,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.4434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,2.8874,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,130.7968,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.6798,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,562.7513,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.4434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,2.8874,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,130.7968,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.549,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3160.6449,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0215,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.549,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3160.6449,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.2118,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.2806,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,818.0661,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.5261,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.875,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,637.9448,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP,FOM,3.549,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,investment,3160.6449,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0215,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass EOP,FOM,3.549,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,investment,3160.6449,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass HOP,FOM,5.7111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 +biomass HOP,VOM,3.2118,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 +biomass HOP,efficiency,0.2806,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass HOP,investment,818.0661,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biomass boiler,FOM,7.5261,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.875,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +biomass boiler,investment,637.9448,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4332,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5668,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2078,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.1583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.1583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.64,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,1904.4308,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.019,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.5715,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9122,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5312,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1907.9996,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.45,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.4245,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.64,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,1904.4308,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.019,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.5715,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,VOM,2.9122,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5312,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 +central coal CHP,investment,1907.9996,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.45,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,FOM,3.4245,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,560.8575,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP,investment,560.8575,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.4245,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,560.8575,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4698,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.411,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,1457.9814,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.5475,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.411,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4654,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.745,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,496.8668,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.575,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.4245,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,investment,560.8575,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas boiler,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4698,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.411,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,investment,1457.9814,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.5475,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.411,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4654,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.745,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,496.8668,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central resistive heater,FOM,1.575,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3390.8967,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3390.8967,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4836.5672,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3390.8967,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.6171,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.5144,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3390.8967,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit storage,FOM,0.6171,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water pit storage,investment,0.5144,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, @@ -765,23 +765,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.1033,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.1033,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,828.0584,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7194,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,828.0584,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7194,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9875,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,291.6319,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,182.2699,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.9426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9875,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,investment,291.6319,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,182.2699,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.9426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.0125,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1322.777,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.0125,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1322.777,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -795,47 +795,47 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2913.0196,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,4500000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,4500000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -851,11 +851,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.35,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.35,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -877,29 +877,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3267,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2754,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6503,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,investment,356768.6132,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6763,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1571,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency,0.6763,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1571,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 electrolysis,investment,1100.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6763,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1571,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,575.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6763,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1571,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis small,investment,575.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +fuel cell,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,12.5949,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.85,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.935,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.85,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.935,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -914,12 +914,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.675,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -home battery inverter,investment,122.6452,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -home battery storage,investment,129.8051,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery inverter,FOM,0.675,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +home battery inverter,investment,122.6452,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery storage,investment,129.8051,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -932,23 +932,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): http hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.873,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,25.424,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.4286,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0886,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.175,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,864.006,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1063,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,720.005,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.873,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,25.424,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.4286,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0886,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.175,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,864.006,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1063,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,720.005,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 iron-air battery,investment,10.4,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 @@ -993,21 +993,21 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, methanolisation,investment,565735.7731,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,6534.7606,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +micro CHP,FOM,6.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,investment,6534.7606,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.1709,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 +offwind,FOM,2.1709,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1543.1486,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +offwind,investment,1543.1486,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -1021,16 +1021,16 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.4231,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +oil,FOM,2.4231,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,357.4144,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1817,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.3,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1026.8091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +oil,investment,357.4144,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +onwind,FOM,1.1817,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +onwind,VOM,1.3,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 +onwind,investment,1026.8091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 @@ -1054,50 +1054,50 @@ solar-rooftop,FOM,1.5792,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed inv solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 solar-rooftop,investment,552.3387,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.7726,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,437.2089,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3858,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,667.4686,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.5269,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,306.7008,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.4972,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,368.412,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.7726,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,437.2089,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3858,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,investment,667.4686,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility,FOM,2.5269,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility,investment,306.7008,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.4972,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,368.412,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,2913.0196,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,27.2845,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2144,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7624,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,7755.9852,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.2845,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2144,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7624,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,7755.9852,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP,VOM,27.2845,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2144,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7624,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,investment,7755.9852,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,VOM,27.2845,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2144,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7624,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,investment,7755.9852,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/costs_2050.csv index d9be62c7..9c269e46 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2050.csv @@ -44,28 +44,28 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.378,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.622,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2281,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6067,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.7014,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6067,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,1.7014,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1595.1,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,1595.1,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.3156,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.6844,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.251,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 +BtL,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, BtL,efficiency,0.45,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,2078.9555,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.2,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 +CCGT,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 +CCGT,c_b,2.2,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +CCGT,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +CCGT,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.2331,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.2331,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.276,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -305,12 +305,12 @@ HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.101 HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,915.4941,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,investment,915.4941,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 @@ -445,11 +445,11 @@ Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.8023,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,435.818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +OCGT,FOM,1.8023,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 +OCGT,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +OCGT,investment,435.818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -533,215 +533,215 @@ Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'c Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,514601.1327,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +air separation unit,investment,514601.1327,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 +air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -battery inverter,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -battery storage,investment,79.3666,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,128671.4,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +battery inverter,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +battery inverter,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +battery storage,investment,79.3666,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,128671.4,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,131.8317,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 bioethanol crops,fuel,89.8502,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas CC,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas manure,fuel,19.9506,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.2969,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,482.3582,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,2.6993,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,125.1744,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.2969,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,482.3582,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,2.6993,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,125.1744,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3081.7978,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3081.7978,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.6957,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.3005,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,797.0541,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.5412,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.88,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,621.5592,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP,FOM,3.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass CHP,investment,3081.7978,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass EOP,FOM,3.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass EOP,investment,3081.7978,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biomass HOP,FOM,5.6957,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 +biomass HOP,VOM,3.3005,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 +biomass HOP,efficiency,0.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +biomass HOP,investment,797.0541,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +biomass boiler,FOM,7.5412,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +biomass boiler,efficiency,0.88,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +biomass boiler,investment,621.5592,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 +biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.44,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.56,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2053,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,1553.1646,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.018,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,1800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.8255,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.8813,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.535,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1887.7345,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,1553.1646,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.018,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,1800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.8255,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,VOM,2.8813,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.535,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 +central coal CHP,investment,1887.7345,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,550.2752,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP,investment,550.2752,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,550.2752,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4684,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.2056,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,1434.0801,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.4861,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.2056,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4378,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.5116,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,483.438,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.5333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,investment,550.2752,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central gas boiler,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4684,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,VOM,6.2056,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,investment,1434.0801,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.4861,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,VOM,6.2056,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central geothermal-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.a Geothermal DH, 1200m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4378,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.5116,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,483.438,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central resistive heater,FOM,1.5333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3339.6951,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,investment,3339.6951,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4755.697,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3339.6951,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.6429,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.4938,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3339.6951,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water pit storage,FOM,0.6429,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water pit storage,investment,0.4938,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +central water tank storage,FOM,0.2901,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +central water tank storage,investment,3.1374,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4709,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 +central water-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, seawater 20 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, @@ -765,23 +765,23 @@ decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.1413,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.1413,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,804.2484,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7293,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,804.2484,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7293,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,284.1413,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,177.5883,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.9895,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,investment,284.1413,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,177.5883,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.9895,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -795,47 +795,47 @@ decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015. decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2015.0 +decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2699,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2015.0 decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,investment,433.8709,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2015.0 +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2015.0 digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2648.1996,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,4000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,4000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -851,11 +851,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -877,29 +877,29 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3283,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2971,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6563,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, electrobiofuels,investment,322224.6071,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency,0.6994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 electrolysis,investment,1000.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,475.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 +electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 +electrolysis small,investment,475.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 +electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +fuel cell,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,11.9967,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.74,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.94,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.74,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.94,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenance, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -914,12 +914,12 @@ helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 -home battery inverter,investment,92.5188,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -home battery storage,investment,114.9165,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery inverter,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2015.0 +home battery inverter,investment,92.5188,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +home battery storage,investment,114.9165,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 +home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 @@ -932,23 +932,23 @@ hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): http hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.9048,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,22.2227,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.2699,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,845.88,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,704.9,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.9048,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,22.2227,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.2699,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,845.88,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,704.9,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 iron-air battery,investment,10.4,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0 @@ -993,21 +993,21 @@ methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carb methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, methanolisation,investment,519738.882,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.4286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,6099.1099,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +micro CHP,FOM,6.4286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 +micro CHP,investment,6099.1099,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.1655,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 +offwind,FOM,2.1655,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1523.9311,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +offwind,investment,1523.9311,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -1021,16 +1021,16 @@ offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report bas offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.4095,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 +oil,FOM,2.4095,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,355.5625,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1775,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.2857,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1019.1375,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +oil,investment,355.5625,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +onwind,FOM,1.1775,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 +onwind,VOM,1.2857,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 +onwind,investment,1019.1375,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 +onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 @@ -1054,50 +1054,50 @@ solar-rooftop,FOM,1.6059,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed inv solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 solar-rooftop,investment,524.8579,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.812,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,413.9018,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3998,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,635.814,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.5292,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,292.5769,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.5531,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,352.5127,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.812,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,investment,413.9018,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3998,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,investment,635.814,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility,FOM,2.5292,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility,investment,292.5769,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.5531,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,352.5127,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 +solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,2648.1996,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,27.0247,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2165,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,7480.4488,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.0247,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2165,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,7480.4488,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP,VOM,27.0247,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency,0.2165,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP,investment,7480.4488,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,VOM,27.0247,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2165,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,investment,7480.4488,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 +waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/scripts/_helpers.py b/scripts/_helpers.py index 0d9ed4c4..74b48d61 100644 --- a/scripts/_helpers.py +++ b/scripts/_helpers.py @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ # coding: utf-8 import logging +import os import re import sys from pathlib import Path @@ -64,6 +65,12 @@ def __dir__(self): return dict_keys + obj_attrs +def get_relative_fn(fn): + if isinstance(fn, str): + fn = Path(fn).resolve() + return fn.relative_to(os.path.commonpath([fn, os.getcwd()])) + + def mock_snakemake( rulename, root_dir=None, diff --git a/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py b/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py index 4c969b06..f9f8de71 100644 --- a/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py +++ b/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py @@ -33,7 +33,12 @@ import numpy as np import pandas as pd -from _helpers import adjust_for_inflation, configure_logging, mock_snakemake +from _helpers import ( + adjust_for_inflation, + configure_logging, + get_relative_fn, + mock_snakemake, +) from currency_converter import ECB_URL, CurrencyConverter from scipy import interpolate @@ -428,7 +433,7 @@ def get_dea_maritime_data( df.loc[df_i, "unit"] = df.loc[df_i, "unit"].str.replace("GJ", "MWh") # add source + cost year - df["source"] = f"Danish Energy Agency, {fn}" + df["source"] = f"Danish Energy Agency, {get_relative_fn(fn)}" # cost year is 2023 p.10 df["currency_year"] = 2023 # add sheet name @@ -552,7 +557,7 @@ def get_dea_vehicle_data( df.loc["Upfront vehicle cost", "unit"] += "/vehicle" # add source + cost year - df["source"] = f"Danish Energy Agency, {fn}" + df["source"] = f"Danish Energy Agency, {get_relative_fn(fn)}" # cost year is 2022 p.12 df["currency_year"] = 2022 # add sheet name @@ -982,7 +987,7 @@ def get_data_DEA( # if year-specific data is missing and not fixed by interpolation fill forward with same values df_final = df_final.ffill(axis=1) - df_final["source"] = source_dict["DEA"] + ", " + excel_file.replace("inputs/", "") + df_final["source"] = f"{source_dict['DEA']}, {get_relative_fn(excel_file)}" if ( tech_name in cost_year_2020 and ("for_carbon_capture_transport_storage" not in excel_file)