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<h1 id=""><a href="#" class="headerlink" title=""></a><img src="http://www.dhu021.top/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/ea4bb7be7abb47264915b7d85824adb1-300x63.jpg" alt=""></h1><h2 id="一、nginx常用命令"><a href="#一、nginx常用命令" class="headerlink" title="一、nginx常用命令"></a>一、nginx常用命令</h2><p>===========</p>
<h3 id="1-Nginx启动"><a href="#1-Nginx启动" class="headerlink" title="1.Nginx启动"></a>1.Nginx启动</h3><hr>
<figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="code"> nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="code">```</span> </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">其中参数-c指定nginx启动时加载的配置文件，当然也可以不指定配置文件，省略-c，也可以启动，表示使用默认的配置文件。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">### 2.nginx停止</span><br><span class="line">---------</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>nginx -s stop 或者
nginx -s quit 或者
pkill -9 nginx
</code></pre><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">例如在我们的编辑环境中已经安装好了nginx,并且已启动,在命令提示符下直接输入</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>nginx -s stop
</code></pre><figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">就可以停止了。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">### 3.nginx重载配置</span><br><span class="line">-----------</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>nginx -s reload
</code></pre><figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">### 4.检查配置文件是否正确</span><br><span class="line">------------</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>nginx -t
</code></pre><figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 二、配置文件结构</span><br><span class="line">========</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Nginx的核心模块为*<span class="strong">*Main*</span><span class="strong">*和*</span><span class="strong">*Events*</span><span class="strong">*，此外还包括*</span><span class="strong">*标准HTTP模块、可选HTTP模块和邮件模块*</span><span class="strong">*，其还可以支持诸多第三方模块。Main用于配置错误日志、进程及权限等相关的参数，Events用于配置IO模型，如epoll、kqueue、select或poll等，它们是必备模块，HTTP模块用于控制Nginx的HTTP进程。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">Nginx的主配置文件由几个段组成，这个段通常也被称为nginx的上下文，每个段的定义格式如下所示。需要注意的是，其每一个指令都必须使用分号(;)结束，否则为语法错误。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">主要结构（所有配置以分号结尾）如下：</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>##Main段，定义全局属性
events {
##定义不同IO模型下的工作机制；
}
http {
##定义作为web服务器的相关属性（还可以反向代理mail）
server {
##定义一个虚拟主机的属性，所有web服务必须定义成一个虚拟主机，与httpd不同
location [option] uri {
##定义一个URI的特性
##location中可以嵌套location的
location [option] uri {
#嵌套location
}
if (condition) {
##定义URL重写
}
}
}
upstream <Name> {
##将多个server结合在一起，实现负载均衡
}
}
</code></pre><figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 三、配置指令</span><br><span class="line">======</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">定义Nginx运行的用户和用户组用user指令。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>user www-data;
</code></pre><figure class="highlight x86asm"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">定义nginx进程数，用worker_processes指令，建议设置为等于<span class="meta">CPU</span>总核心数。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>worker_processes 8;
</code></pre><figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">全局错误日志定义类型，**\[ <span class="builtin-name">debug</span> | <span class="builtin-name">info</span> | notice | warn | <span class="builtin-name">error</span> | crit\]**用error_log指令。另外日志还可以定义在http、server及location上下文中，语法格式一样。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;
</code></pre><figure class="highlight tcl"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">定义进程文件用<span class="keyword">pid</span>指令</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
</code></pre><figure class="highlight sqf"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">用worker\<span class="variable">_rlimit</span>\<span class="variable">_nofile</span>指令描述nginx进程打开的最多文件描述符的数目，建议设置为默认值。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
</code></pre><figure class="highlight coq"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">参考事件模型指令：use \[ kqueue | <span class="type">rtsig</span> | <span class="type">epoll</span> | <span class="type">/dev</span>/poll | <span class="type">select</span> | <span class="type">poll</span> \];</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>use epoll;
</code></pre><figure class="highlight autohotkey"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">注：epoll模型是Linux <span class="number">2.6</span>以上版本内核中的高性能网络I/O模型，如果跑在FreeBSD上面，就用kqueue模型。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">设置单个进程最大连接数用指令：worker_connections（`最大连接数=连接数*进程数`）</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>worker_connections 65535;
</code></pre><figure class="highlight crystal"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">设定mime类型,类型由mime.<span class="keyword">type</span>文件定义 用<span class="keyword">include</span>指令.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
</code></pre><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">开启gzip压缩指令</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>gzip on;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";
</code></pre><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">设定负载均衡的服务器列表用指令upstream。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>upstream mysvr {
#weigth参数表示权值，权值越高被分配到的几率越大
#本机上的Squid开启3128端口
server 192.168.8.1:3128 weight=5;
server 192.168.8.2:80 weight=1;
server 192.168.8.3:80 weight=6;
}
</code></pre><figure class="highlight axapta"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">设定虚拟主机用指令<span class="keyword">server</span>，其中包括端口，主机名称，默认请求等设置。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>server {
#侦听80端口
listen 80;
#定义使用www.xx.com访问
server_name www.xx.com;
#设定本虚拟主机的访问日志
access_log logs/www.xx.com.access.log main;
#默认请求
location / {
root /root; #定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置
index index.php index.html index.htm; #定义首页索引文件的名称
fastcgi_pass www.xx.com;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
}
# 定义错误提示页面
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /root;
}
}
</code></pre><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">请求转向指令proxy_pass</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>proxy_pass http://www.hubwiz.com;
</code></pre><figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 四、负载均衡</span><br><span class="line">======</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">负载均衡（又称为负载分担），英文名称为Load Balance，其意思就是将负载（工作任务）进行平衡、分摊到多个操作单元上进行执行，例如Web服务器、FTP服务器、企业关键应用服务器和其它关键任务服务器等，从而共同完成工作任务。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">nginx的upstream目前支持4种方式的分配</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1)、轮询（默认）</span><br><span class="line">---------</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器，如果后端服务器down掉，能自动剔除。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2)、weight</span><br><span class="line">---------</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">指定轮询几率，weight和访问比率成正比，用于后端服务器性能不均的情况。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3)、ip<span class="emphasis">_hash</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis">----------</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis">每个请求按访问ip的hash结果分配，这样每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器，可以解决session的问题。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis">4)、fair（第三方)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis">------------</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis">按后端服务器的响应时间来分配请求，响应时间短的优先分配。</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>upstream ixdba.net{
ip_hash;
server 192.168.12.133:80;
server 192.168.12.134:80 down;
server 192.168.12.135:8009 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=20s;
server 192.168.12.136:8080;
}
</code></pre><figure class="highlight markdown"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">upstream是Nginx的HTTP Upstream模块，这个模块通过一个简单的调度算法来实现客户端IP到后端服务器的负载均衡。在上面的设定中，通过upstream指令指定了一个负载均衡器的名称 [<span class="string">ixdba.net</span>](<span class="link">http://ixdba.net</span>)。这个名称可以任意指定，在后面需要的地方直接调用即可。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">## 五、Location配置</span></span><br><span class="line">============</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">语法规则： <span class="code">`location \[=||*|^~\] /uri/ { … }`</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">通配符</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">说明</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">=</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">开头表示精确匹配</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">^~</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">开头表示uri以某个常规字符串开头，理解为匹配 url路径即可</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">~</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">开头表示区分大小写的正则匹配</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">!~</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">区分大小写不匹配</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">!~*</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">不区分大小写不匹配</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">~*</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">开头表示不区分大小写的正则匹配</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">通用匹配，任何请求都会匹配到</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">首先匹配 =，其次匹配^~, 其次是按文件中顺序的正则匹配，最后是交给 / 通用匹配。当有匹配成功时候，停止匹配，按当前匹配规则处理请求。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>location = / {
#规则A
}
location = /login {
#规则B
}
location ^~ /static/ {
#规则C
}
location ~ \.(gif|jpg|png|js|css)$ {
#规则D
}
</code></pre><figure class="highlight markdown"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">那么产生的效果如下：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">访问根目录/， 比如http://localhost/ 将匹配规则A；</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">访问 [<span class="string">http://localhost/login</span>](<span class="link">http://localhost/login</span>) 将匹配规则B；</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">访问 [<span class="string">http://localhost/static/a.html</span>](<span class="link">http://localhost/static/a.html</span>) 将匹配规则C；</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">访问 [<span class="string">http://localhost/a.gif</span>](<span class="link">http://localhost/a.gif</span>), [<span class="string">http://localhost/b.jpg</span>](<span class="link">http://localhost/b.jpg</span>) 将匹配规则D。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">## 六、Rewrite规则</span></span><br><span class="line">===========</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Nginx Rewrite 规则相关指令有if,rewrite,set,return,break等，其中最关键的就是rewrite。一个简单的Nginx Rewrite规则语法如下：</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>rewrite ^/b/(.\*)\.html /play.php?video=$1 break;
</code></pre><figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">*<span class="strong">*正则表达式匹配*</span><span class="strong">*，其中：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">1、~ 为区分大小写匹配；</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">2、~*</span> 为不区分大小写匹配；</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3、!和!<span class="strong">*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">*</span><span class="strong">*文件及目录匹配*</span><span class="strong">*，其中：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">-f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件；</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">-d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录；</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">-e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录；</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">-x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">*</span><span class="strong">*flag标记有*</span><span class="strong">*：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">last 相当于Apache里的\[L\]标记，表示完成rewrite；</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则；</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址；</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">当然除了这些以外，Rewrite规则中还会用到一些相应的全局变量，如$args，$url等等</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">## 七、配置自己的文件</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">=========</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="strong">前面几节中我们已经学过了nginx配置文件中的各个段的配置指令，下面我们就来写一个自己配置文件。如下代码：</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
server {
location / {
#root html; #定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置
#index index.php index.html index.htm; #定义首页索引文件的名称
proxy_pass http://www.hubwiz.com;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
</code></pre><figure class="highlight stylus"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">这样我们自己的配置文件就完成了，先将nginx的服务停止，然后我们用nginx -c *<span class="selector-class">.conf</span> 命令来重新启动nginx，*.conf为我们自己的配置文件所在的路径，nginx启动以后，然后点击【访问测试】，看看会出现什么情况，是不是已经转到我们所配置的站点了。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">我自己的配置文件名为Mynginx<span class="selector-class">.conf</span>,其中的内容就是以上面代码的内容，保存在/etc/nginx目录下，完成以后我们做如下操作：</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>nginx -s stop
nginx -c /etc/nginx/Mynginx.conf
</code></pre><figure class="highlight markdown"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">然后测试。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">## 八、反向代理示例</span></span><br><span class="line">========</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">反向代理（Reverse Proxy） 是指代理服务器来接收来自Internet上的连接请求，并将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器，并从服务器上得到的结果返回给Internet上请求连接的客户端。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">比如要配置后端跑 apache 服务的 ip 和端口，也就是说，我们的目标是实现通过 [<span class="string">http://ip</span>](<span class="link">http://ip</span>):port 能访问到你的网站。配置文件可以修改以下内容，reload nginx就可以了。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>## Basic reverse proxy server ##
upstream apachephp {
server ip:8080; #Apache
}
## Start www.nowamagic.net ##
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.nowamagic.net;
access_log logs/quancha.access.log main;
error_log logs/quancha.error.log;
root html;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
## send request back to apache ##
location / {
proxy_pass http://apachephp;
#……………………
}
}
</code></pre><figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 九、虚拟主机示例</span><br><span class="line">========</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Nginx做虚拟主机，尤其是仅仅支持纯静态-html，这是最简单的应用了，可以理解为一个仅支持静态页面的最简单的Web服务器。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">例子，同时支持两个虚拟主机（纯静态-html支持）的配置，我们只需要理改server段，如下：</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>server {
listen 80;
server_name www.hubwiz.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /root;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.baidu.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /root;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
</code></pre><figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 十、正向代理示例</span><br><span class="line">========</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Nginx正向代理配置如下：</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>server
{
listen 8080;
server_name www.hubwiz.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /home/wwwroot;
location / {
resolver 192.168.8.88;
proxy_pass $scheme://$http_host$request_uri;
proxy_buffers 256 4k;
}
access_log off;
}
</code></pre><figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">以上配置的注意事项：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1，不能有hostname。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2，必须有resolver, 即dns，即上面的x.x.x.x，换成当前机器的DNS服务器ip即可(查看dns方法 cat /etc/resolv.conf 代理使用)。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3，$http\<span class="emphasis">_host和$request\_</span>uri是nginx系统变量，保持原样即可。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">检测配置文件无误后，重启nginx，在浏览器中添加代理服务器的IP地址，就可以使用该Nginx正向代理了。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 十一、负载均衡示例</span><br><span class="line">=========</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>upstream backend{
#定义负载均衡设备的Ip及设备状态
server 127.0.0.1:9090 down;
server 192.168.1.12:8080 weight=2 ;
server 192.168.1.13:6060 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
server 1192.168.1.14:7070 backup;
}
server{
#…………………………
location /{
proxy_pass http://backend;
#…………………………
}
}
</code></pre><figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">以上代码就是对负载均衡应用的示例。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Upstream可对后端服务器进行健康检查。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a) down表示当前的server暂时不参与负载。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">b) weight默认为1.weight越大，负载的权重就越大。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">c) max<span class="emphasis">_fails ：在fail_</span>timeout时间内对后台服务器请求失败的次数。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">d) fail<span class="emphasis">_timeout:max_</span>fails次失败后，暂停的时间。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">e) backup：其它所有的非backup机器down或者忙的时候，请求backup机器。所以这台机器压力会最轻。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 十二、Rewrite简单示例</span><br><span class="line">==============</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
server {
location /hubwiz {
rewrite (.*) http://www.hubwiz.com;
}
location /baidu {
rewrite (.*) http://www.baidu.com;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
</code></pre><p><code>`</code> </p>
<p>修改我们自己的配置文件，保存，重新加载nginx，然后测试，在地址栏给出的地址后面分别输入“/hubwiz”、“/baidu”，是不是会和我的结果一样呢？</p>
<p>输入“/hubwiz”转到汇智网，输入“/baidu”是不是转到百度了呢？</p>
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