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2016-03-28-Docker-Nginx.html
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<p>学习步骤如下: 1. 建立docker容器运行程序 2. 用上面建立的docker容器加上Nginx实现简单的负载均衡（与docker本身无关） 3. 建立基础仓库到阿里云 4. 梳理宿主机与容器间的两个Nginx关系 简单说下docker docker 是一种新兴的虚拟化方式，跟传统的虚拟化方式相比具有众多优势 更高效的利用系统资源，容器不需要进行硬件虚拟化已经运行完整的操作系统等额外开销，所以对系统资源的利用率比较高； 启动速度更快，原因和上面差不多； 一致的运行环境，一般称需要经过开发环境、测试环境、生产环境，但是无法确保所有的环境都是一致的， 所有就会出现同一段代码在不同环境输出的结果不一致，docker镜像提供了相同的运行环境（出内核外），可以避免上述问题的发生； 在程序交付的运维时，只需要提供Dockerfile文件即可实现快速部署 方便迁移，由于每个容器都是一个独立运行环境，和宿主机没有直接关系； docker包含三个概念： 1. 镜像（image） 2. 容器（container） 3. 仓库（repository） 这三个概念后面用到在说，方便理解 一、建立docker容器运行程序 这是我做的第一个比较简单，首先建立的一个简单的express项目，在项目的根目录建立了一个Dockerfile文件（注意第一个字母大写），后面调用run指令的时候docker会默认寻找这个文件，当然这个文件名也可以修改，但是需要得修改相应配置，在Dockerfile 中写入下面代码：<br><figure class="highlight dockerfile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> node:slim</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ENV</span> HTTP_PORT <span class="number">8000</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">COPY</span><span class="bash"> . /app</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">WORKDIR /app</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN npm install --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">EXPOSE 8000</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">CMD [ <span class="string">"npm"</span>, <span class="string">"start"</span> ]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p> FROM: 后面跟的是镜像来源，也就是基于那个镜像建立的镜像， 其中node是镜像名称，slim 是镜像版本号，这个node是官方给的基础版本，官网的基础镜像还有很多，点击这里查看更多, 当然还有其他人自定义的优质镜像这里就罗列了， ENV 指的是运行环境，一般程序都会分为development、production 等，我这里直接指定了端口号 COPY 复制，中间有个点 指的是当前目录，复制到/app目录，注意这里不是复制到真实的目录而已复制到容器的目录，所以在真实目录是看不到这个文件夹的 WORKDIR 指定工作目录 RUN npm 安装依赖包 并切换至淘宝源 EPOSE 容器输出端口 CMD 执行启动命令 在根项目根目录下（也是Dockerfile 所在目录）执行 下面代码建立自己的镜像 docker build -t myexpress . build 是建立镜像指令，-t 是添加镜像标签 注意后面有个空格和点，这里的点指的是当前目录,执行完上面命令之后再执行 docker images 就可以看到当前的拥有的镜像了，在你自定义myexpress的镜像之外 还多出了node的镜像，这是因为我们的镜像是建立在node镜像基础之上的，下次在建立依赖node镜像时，就不需要再次下载node镜像了，因为重复利用了，节省的资源 建立完镜像后 ，我们就开始生成容器了，镜像和容器的关系就像是 类和实例的关系，一个镜像可以生成多个容器，执行下方指令生成容器： docker run –name mycontainername -d -p 80:8000 myexpress name 是给当前容器命名 d 是后端运行 p 80是容器端口 8000是映射到主机的端口 myexpress 是前面建立的进行名称 项目已经运行起来，直接访问宿主机ip 即可看到项目主页 二、用上面建立的docker容器加上Nginx实现简单的负载均衡 这个部分的出现纯属意外和docker没有直接关系，我只是刚好看到这里就记录下来 在Nginx的配置文件 http下添加 upstream 代码如下：<br><figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">upstream zmb {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in"> server </span>127.0.0.1:8080;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in"> server </span>127.0.0.1:8081;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>zmb随便取的只是个代号，后面可以添加weight属性标识权重 然后在server 下location去添加配置 如下：<br><figure class="highlight crmsh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">location</span> <span class="title">/ {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title">proxy_pass</span> http://zmb;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p> 注意这里的两个zmb 必须保持一致 这样在每次请求sever端口是都会循环访问8080和8081端口，若有一个失败则直接访问下一个 三、建立基础仓库到阿里云 这里前提是必须要有一个阿里云账号，将代码托管到阿里云自己仓库 <a href="https://code.aliyun.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://code.aliyun.com</a>, 我们建立一个 空项目 项目里面只有一个Dockerfile 文件并把这个项目同步到自己的仓库，Dockerfile的配置如下：<br><figure class="highlight dockerfile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#version 1.0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#Base image</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> centos</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#MAINTAINER</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">MAINTAINER</span> zyb</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">WORKDIR</span><span class="bash"> /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/src</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash"><span class="comment">#download soft</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN yum install -y gcc make gcc-c++ openssl-devel wget zlib* perl perl-devel</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash"><span class="comment">#pcre</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">WORKDIR /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/src</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN wget https://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.41/pcre-8.41.tar.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN tar -zxf pcre-8.41.tar.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">WORKDIR pcre-8.41</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN ./configure</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN make && make install</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash"><span class="comment">#zib-1.2.11</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">WORKDIR /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/src</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN wget http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN tar -zxf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">WORKDIR zlib-1.2.11</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN ./configure</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN make && make install</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash"><span class="comment">#Openssl</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">WORKDIR /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/src</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN wget https://www.openssl.org/<span class="built_in">source</span>/openssl-1.0.2l.tar.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN tar -zxf openssl-1.0.2l.tar.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">WORKDIR openssl-1.0.2l</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN ./config -fPIC --prefix=/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/openssl/ <span class="built_in">enable</span>-shared</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN make depend</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN make && make install</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash"><span class="comment">#nginx</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">WORKDIR /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/src</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN tar -zxf nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">WORKDIR nginx-1.13.6</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN ./configure --sbin-path=/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/nginx/nginx \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">--conf-path=/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/nginx/nginx.conf \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">--pid-path=/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/nginx/nginx.pid \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">--with-http_ssl_module \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">--with-pcre=/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/src/pcre-8.41 \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">--with-zlib=/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/src/zlib-1.2.11 \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">--with-openssl=/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/src/openssl-1.0.2l \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">--with-stream</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN make && make install</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash"><span class="comment">#nodejs</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">WORKDIR /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/src</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v8.8.1/node-v8.8.1.tar.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN tar -zxf node-v8.8.1.tar.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">WORKDIR node-v8.8.1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN ./configure</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN make install</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN npm config <span class="built_in">set</span> registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bash">RUN rm -rf /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/src/*</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>主要是在centos镜像基础上添加了Nginx和node 同步上去之后再 去阿里云上点击 容器镜像服务 功能， 添加镜像仓库，代码源设置为阿里云code，选取命名空间，选择刚才同步的代码仓库等，构建设置 勾选 在代码更新时自动构建， 添加完成之后，列表也点击设置–> 构建–> 立即构建，第一次构建需要编译时间比较长，到此一个基础的centos+Nginx+node的镜像已经构建完成了，列表页有个仓库地址 后面引用项目就FROM该地址即可。 四、梳理宿主机与容器间的两个Nginx关系 上面示例中容器中有个Nginx，一般容器外也会有个Nginx，那么他们两个之间有什么关系或者说怎么个运行步骤呢？ 在一个宿主机中一般会有多个容器，容器外的Nginx根据端口号分发给各个容器的，容器Dockerfile文件中espose 可以设置暴露多个端口号，容器在构建时一般会映射端口号（-p 容器端口号和主机端口号）,这里容器的端口号应该是上面expose 中的一个，主机端口号应该和内部Nginx接受端口相对应，内部的Nginx再讲端口映射到我们项目程序的端口，这样看来内部的Nginx好像没有多大作用（容器可以直接访问主程序的），我是这样认为的，因为在这个示例中外部是有配置Nginx的，如果外部要是什么都没有配置，也可以直接构建项目，因为我们镜像内部包含有Nginx做映射； 也就是说流程应该是这样的 client 访问宿主机 经过外部的Nginx的映射，到相应的容器（若espose没有匹配到则无法访问），容器接受到请求根据端口号经过内部Nginx的映射到我们的主程序中。</p>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/jquery_lazyload/jquery.lazyload.js?v=1.9.7"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/velocity/velocity.min.js?v=1.2.1"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/velocity/velocity.ui.min.js?v=1.2.1"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/canvas-nest/canvas-nest.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/utils.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/motion.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/affix.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/post-details.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/bootstrap.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
// Popup Window;
var isfetched = false;
var isXml = true;
// Search DB path;
var search_path = "search.xml";
if (search_path.length === 0) {
search_path = "search.xml";
} else if (/json$/i.test(search_path)) {
isXml = false;
}
var path = "/" + search_path;
// monitor main search box;
var onPopupClose = function (e) {
$('.popup').hide();
$('#local-search-input').val('');
$('.search-result-list').remove();
$('#no-result').remove();
$(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
$('body').css('overflow', '');
}
function proceedsearch() {
$("body")
.append('<div class="search-popup-overlay local-search-pop-overlay"></div>')
.css('overflow', 'hidden');
$('.search-popup-overlay').click(onPopupClose);
$('.popup').toggle();
var $localSearchInput = $('#local-search-input');
$localSearchInput.attr("autocapitalize", "none");
$localSearchInput.attr("autocorrect", "off");
$localSearchInput.focus();
}
// search function;
var searchFunc = function(path, search_id, content_id) {
'use strict';
// start loading animation
$("body")
.append('<div class="search-popup-overlay local-search-pop-overlay">' +
'<div id="search-loading-icon">' +
'<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-5x fa-fw"></i>' +
'</div>' +
'</div>')
.css('overflow', 'hidden');
$("#search-loading-icon").css('margin', '20% auto 0 auto').css('text-align', 'center');
$.ajax({
url: path,
dataType: isXml ? "xml" : "json",
async: true,
success: function(res) {
// get the contents from search data
isfetched = true;
$('.popup').detach().appendTo('.header-inner');
var datas = isXml ? $("entry", res).map(function() {
return {
title: $("title", this).text(),
content: $("content",this).text(),
url: $("url" , this).text()
};
}).get() : res;
var input = document.getElementById(search_id);
var resultContent = document.getElementById(content_id);
var inputEventFunction = function() {
var searchText = input.value.trim().toLowerCase();
var keywords = searchText.split(/[\s\-]+/);
if (keywords.length > 1) {
keywords.push(searchText);
}
var resultItems = [];
if (searchText.length > 0) {
// perform local searching
datas.forEach(function(data) {
var isMatch = false;
var hitCount = 0;
var searchTextCount = 0;
var title = data.title.trim();
var titleInLowerCase = title.toLowerCase();
var content = data.content.trim().replace(/<[^>]+>/g,"");
var contentInLowerCase = content.toLowerCase();
var articleUrl = decodeURIComponent(data.url);
var indexOfTitle = [];
var indexOfContent = [];
// only match articles with not empty titles
if(title != '') {
keywords.forEach(function(keyword) {
function getIndexByWord(word, text, caseSensitive) {
var wordLen = word.length;
if (wordLen === 0) {
return [];
}
var startPosition = 0, position = [], index = [];
if (!caseSensitive) {
text = text.toLowerCase();
word = word.toLowerCase();
}
while ((position = text.indexOf(word, startPosition)) > -1) {
index.push({position: position, word: word});
startPosition = position + wordLen;
}