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2018-10-20-第一节OpenCV基础.html
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<p>推荐书籍：【计算机视觉—算法与应用】</p>
<h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h2><p>==</p>
<h3 id="免安装"><a href="#免安装" class="headerlink" title="免安装"></a>免安装</h3><hr>
<p>打开VS，创建好项目后，使用VS2013或者VS2017里面的Tools–>Nuget Pakage Manager–>Manager NuGet pakages for solution直接搜索OpenCV安装即可。</p>
<h3 id="手动安装"><a href="#手动安装" class="headerlink" title="手动安装"></a>手动安装</h3><hr>
<h4 id="下载与配置"><a href="#下载与配置" class="headerlink" title="下载与配置"></a>下载与配置</h4><p>官网下载，解压，配置环境变量。 …opencv\build\x86\vc10\bin …opencv\build\x64\vc10\bin 上面是OpenCV里面的路径，把这个路径配置到path里。 x86表示你的应用是在32位平台下编译的，x64表示应用是64位的。和系统位数没有关系。一般是32位系统不能编译64位的程序。64位可以编译32位的程序。 上面只是告诉了系统我计算机中有OpenCV了。还需要在应用中配置对应的OpenCV。 VS工程“属性管理器”中添加 1、【通用属性】 ->【VC++目录】 ->【包含目录】 把下面这三个的全路径添加到include directory中。 …build\include …build\include\opencv …build\include\opencv2 2、【通用属性】 ->【VC++目录】 ->【库目录】 …opencv\build\x86\vc12\lib 3、【通用属性】 ->【链接器】->【输入】->【附加的依赖项】 opencv_nonfree2411d.lib opencv_nonfree2411.lib… opencv_ts300d.lib opencv_world300d.lib 这里注意下，opencv_world300d.lib与opencv_world300.lib的区别。带d表示是debug版本，能够调试；不带d表示release版本，不带调试功能。 </p>
<h1 id="插件"><a href="#插件" class="headerlink" title="插件"></a>插件</h1><h2 id="Image-Watch"><a href="#Image-Watch" class="headerlink" title="Image Watch"></a>Image Watch</h2><p>1、Image Watch 的下载与安装。 2、使用view –>other windows –>Image watch</p>
<h1 id="程序模板"><a href="#程序模板" class="headerlink" title="程序模板"></a>程序模板</h1><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string"><iostream> </span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"opencv2/opencv.hpp"</span> </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="built_in">std</span>; </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> cv;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="模块"><a href="#模块" class="headerlink" title="模块"></a>模块</h1><figure class="highlight asciidoc"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Model</span><br><span class="line">-----</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Core-->opencv\<span class="emphasis">_core.lib Imgproc -->opencv\_</span>imgproc.lib Highgui-->opencv<span class="emphasis">_highgui.lib</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="图像分类"><a href="#图像分类" class="headerlink" title="图像分类"></a>图像分类</h1><p>二值图像 灰度图像 彩色图像 多种颜色空间</p>
<h1 id="常用构造函数"><a href="#常用构造函数" class="headerlink" title="常用构造函数"></a>常用构造函数</h1><figure class="highlight stata"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Mat</span>::<span class="keyword">Mat</span>() </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Mat</span>::<span class="keyword">Mat</span>(int rows, int cols, int <span class="keyword">type</span>) </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Mat</span>::<span class="keyword">Mat</span>(Size size, int <span class="keyword">type</span>) </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Mat</span>::<span class="keyword">Mat</span>(int rows, int cols, int <span class="keyword">type</span>, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">Scalar</span>& s) </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Mat</span>::<span class="keyword">Mat</span>(Size size, int <span class="keyword">type</span>, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">Scalar</span>& s) </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Mat</span>::<span class="keyword">Mat</span>(<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">Mat</span>& <span class="keyword">m</span>) </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Mat</span>::<span class="keyword">Mat</span>(int rows, int cols, int <span class="keyword">type</span>, void* data, size_t step=AUTO_STEP) </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Mat</span>::<span class="keyword">Mat</span>(Size size, int <span class="keyword">type</span>, void* data, size_t step=AUTO_STEP)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Mat</span>::<span class="keyword">Mat</span>(<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">Mat</span>& <span class="keyword">m</span>, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">Range</span>& rowRange, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">Range</span>& colRange) </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Mat</span>::<span class="keyword">Mat</span>(<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">Mat</span>& <span class="keyword">m</span>, <span class="keyword">const</span> Rect& roi)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="Mat的赋值和拷贝问题"><a href="#Mat的赋值和拷贝问题" class="headerlink" title="Mat的赋值和拷贝问题"></a>Mat的赋值和拷贝问题</h1><h2 id="浅拷贝"><a href="#浅拷贝" class="headerlink" title="浅拷贝"></a>浅拷贝</h2><p>lll</p>
<h2 id="深拷贝"><a href="#深拷贝" class="headerlink" title="深拷贝"></a>深拷贝</h2><h1 id="像素值的读写"><a href="#像素值的读写" class="headerlink" title="像素值的读写"></a>像素值的读写</h1><h2 id="方法1"><a href="#方法1" class="headerlink" title="方法1"></a>方法1</h2><figure class="highlight gcode"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">uchar value = grayim.at<uchar><span class="comment">(i,j)</span>; </span><br><span class="line">for<span class="comment">( int i = 0; i < grayim.rows; ++i)</span> </span><br><span class="line"> for<span class="comment">( int j = 0; j < grayim.cols; ++j )</span> </span><br><span class="line"> grayim.at<uchar><span class="comment">(i,j)</span> = <span class="comment">(i+j)</span><span class="meta">%</span><span class="number">255</span>; </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">for<span class="comment">( int i = 0; i < colorim.rows; ++i)</span> </span><br><span class="line">for<span class="comment">( int j = 0; j < colorim.cols; ++j )</span> </span><br><span class="line">{ </span><br><span class="line"> Vec<span class="number">3</span>b pixel; </span><br><span class="line"> pixel[<span class="number">0</span>] = i<span class="meta">%</span><span class="number">255</span>; <span class="comment">//Blue </span></span><br><span class="line"> pixel[<span class="number">1</span>] = j<span class="meta">%</span><span class="number">255</span>; <span class="comment">//Green </span></span><br><span class="line"> pixel[<span class="number">2</span>] = <span class="number">0</span>; <span class="comment">//Red </span></span><br><span class="line"> colorim.at<Vec<span class="number">3</span>b><span class="comment">(i,j)</span> = pixel; </span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="方法2"><a href="#方法2" class="headerlink" title="方法2"></a>方法2</h2><figure class="highlight mel"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cv::Mat Iterator_<uchar> grayit, grayend; </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>( grayit = grayim.begin<uchar>(), grayend = </span><br><span class="line">grayim.end<uchar>(); grayit != grayend; ++grayit) </span><br><span class="line"> *grayit = <span class="keyword">rand</span>()%255; </span><br><span class="line">MatIterator_<Vec3b> colorit,colorend;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(colorit = colorim.begin<Vec3b>(),colorend = colorim.end<Vec3b>();colorit != colorend;++colorit)</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> (*colorit)[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="keyword">rand</span>()%255;<span class="comment">//蓝色blue</span></span><br><span class="line"> (*colorit)[<span class="number">1</span>] = <span class="keyword">rand</span>()%255;<span class="comment">//绿色green</span></span><br><span class="line"> (*colorit)[<span class="number">2</span>] = <span class="keyword">rand</span>()%255;<span class="comment">//红色red</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="方法3"><a href="#方法3" class="headerlink" title="方法3"></a>方法3</h2><figure class="highlight vala"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>( <span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < grayim.rows; ++i) </span><br><span class="line">{ </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//获取第 i 行首像素指针 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">uchar</span> * p = grayim.ptr<<span class="keyword">uchar</span>>(i); </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//对第 i 行的每个像素(byte)操作 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>( <span class="keyword">int</span> j = <span class="number">0</span>; j < grayim.cols; ++j ) </span><br><span class="line">p[j] = (i+j)%<span class="number">255</span>; </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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