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Homebrew

Homebrew是macOS缺失的软件包的管理器

Homebrew官方网址： https://brew.sh/

安装Homebrew

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

将以上命令粘贴至终端。

Homebrew 能干什么?

使用 Homebrew 安装 Apple 没有预装但 你需要的东西:

$ brew install wget

Homebrew 会将软件包安装到独立目录，并将其文件软链接至 /usr/local :

$ cd /usr/local
$ find Cellar
Cellar/wget/1.16.1
Cellar/wget/1.16.1/bin/wget
Cellar/wget/1.16.1/share/man/man1/wget.1

$ ls -l bin
bin/wget -> ../Cellar/wget/1.16.1/bin/wget

Homebrew 不会将文件安装到它本身目录之外，所以您可将 Homebrew 安装到任意位置。

轻松创建你自己的 Homebrew 包:

$ brew create https://foo.com/bar-1.0.tgz
Created /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core/Formula/bar.rb

完全基于 Git 和 ruby，所以自由修改的同时你仍可以轻松撤销你的变更或与上游更新合并:

$ brew edit wget # 使用 $EDITOR 编辑!

Homebrew 的配方都是简单的 Ruby 脚本：

class Wget < Formula
  homepage "https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/"
  url "https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.15.tar.gz"
  sha256 "52126be8cf1bddd7536886e74c053ad7d0ed2aa89b4b630f76785bac21695fcd"

  def install
    system "./configure", "--prefix=#{prefix}"
    system "make", "install"
  end
end

Homebrew 使 macOS 更完整。使用 gem 来安装 RubyGems、用 brew 来安装那些依赖包。

"To install, drag this icon..." no more. brew cask installs macOS apps, fonts and plugins and other non-open source software.

$ brew cask install firefox

Making a cask is as simple as creating a formula.

$ brew cask create foo
Editing /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-cask/Casks/foo.rb

Homebrew装机必备包

  • brew-cask
  • wget
  • git
  • cloc
  • tree
  • autojump
  • ffmpeg
  • cmake
  • python3
    • 需要将Python3和pip3软连接到/usr/local/bin/下： 
      cd /usr/local/bin/
ln -s ../Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3
ln -s ../Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3
      /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/bin/python3是软连接到/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3； /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/bin/python3.7是软连接到/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7； /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3软连接到/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7，可以通过ll命令查看。他们之间的关系图如下:
      png
      png
  • macvim
  • tmux
  • htop
  • gsed 
    # gsed, brew install gsed
PATH="/usr/local/opt/gnu-sed/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"

Homebrew常用命令

  • brew shellenv
    Prints export statements - run them in a shell and this installation of Homebrew will be included into your PATH, MANPATH and INFOPATH.

    HOMEBREW_PREFIX, HOMEBREW_CELLAR and HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY are also exported to save multiple queries of those variables.

    Consider adding evaluating the output in your dotfiles (e.g. ~/.profile) with eval $(brew shellenv)

    运行以下命令:

    brew shellenv

    结果如下:

    export HOMEBREW_PREFIX="/usr/local"
export HOMEBREW_CELLAR="/usr/local/Cellar"
export HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY="/usr/local/Homebrew"
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"
export MANPATH="/usr/local/share/man:$MANPATH"
export INFOPATH="/usr/local/share/info:$INFOPATH"

  • brew install xxx
    安装xxx包

  • brew uninstall xxx
    卸载xxx包

  • brew search xxx
    搜索xxx包