gravitation.json

{
"Physics":{
 "Gravitation MCQs":{
  "Easy": [
    {
      "topic": "Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " Kepler's First Law states that planets move around the Sun in:",
          "options": [
            "A) Circular orbits",
            "B) Elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus",
            "C) Parabolic orbits",
            "D) Hyperbolic orbits"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The point on a planet's orbit where it is closest to the Sun is called:",
          "options": [
            "A) Aphelion",
            "B) Perihelion",
            "C) Focus",
            "D) Centre"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The point where a planet is farthest from the Sun is called:",
          "options": [
            "A) Perihelion",
            "B) Aphelion",
            "C) Focus",
            "D) Orbit centre"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " According to Kepler's Second Law, the line joining the Sun and a planet sweeps:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equal distances in equal times",
            "B) Equal areas in equal times",
            "C) Equal angles in equal times",
            "D) Equal speeds in equal times"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " A planet moves fastest when it is at:",
          "options": [
            "A) Aphelion",
            "B) Perihelion",
            "C) Centre of orbit",
            "D) All points equally"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " A planet moves slowest when it is at:",
          "options": [
            "A) Perihelion",
            "B) Aphelion",
            "C) Focus",
            "D) Centre"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Kepler's Third Law relates:",
          "options": [
            "A) Force and distance",
            "B) Radius and velocity",
            "C) Time period and orbital radius",
            "D) Mass and radius"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the orbital radius of a planet increases, its time period:",
          "options": [
            "A) Decreases",
            "B) Increases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which Kepler's law is known as the Law of Periods?",
          "options": [
            "A) First Law",
            "B) Second Law",
            "C) Third Law",
            "D) None"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The Sun is situated at:",
          "options": [
            "A) Centre of the ellipse",
            "B) One focus of the ellipse",
            "C) Both foci",
            "D) Any point inside the ellipse"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of the time period of revolution is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Minute",
            "B) Hour",
            "C) Second",
            "D) Day"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " According to Kepler's Second Law, the areal velocity of a planet is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Variable",
            "B) Zero",
            "C) Constant",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Perfect circle",
            "B) Ellipse",
            "C) Parabola",
            "D) Hyperbola"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which of the following is NOT a Kepler's Law?",
          "options": [
            "A) Law of Ellipses",
            "B) Law of Equal Areas",
            "C) Law of Periods",
            "D) Law of Universal Gravitation"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which scientist proposed the three laws of planetary motion?",
          "options": [
            "A) Isaac Newton",
            "B) Galileo Galilei",
            "C) Johannes Kepler",
            "D) Copernicus"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Universal Law of Gravitation",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " The Universal Law of Gravitation was proposed by:",
          "options": [
            "A) Galileo",
            "B) Johannes Kepler",
            "C) Isaac Newton",
            "D) Einstein"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " According to Newton's Law of Gravitation, the gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Product of their masses",
            "B) Sum of their masses",
            "C) Difference of their masses",
            "D) Square of their masses"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational force between two bodies is inversely proportional to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Distance",
            "B) Square of the distance",
            "C) Cube of the distance",
            "D) Fourth power of the distance"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The mathematical expression for Newton's Law of Gravitation is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of the universal gravitational constant is:",
          "options": [
            "A) N·m",
            "B) N·m²/kg²",
            "C) N/kg",
            "D) kg/N"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The value of the universal gravitational constant is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the distance between two masses is doubled, the gravitational force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Half",
            "C) One-fourth",
            "D) Four times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If both masses are doubled, the gravitational force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Four times",
            "C) Half",
            "D) Unchanged"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Gravitational force between two bodies is always:",
          "options": [
            "A) Repulsive",
            "B) Attractive",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Variable"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which instrument was used to determine the value of ?",
          "options": [
            "A) Barometer",
            "B) Cavendish Apparatus",
            "C) Spectrometer",
            "D) Galvanometer"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational force between two objects does not depend on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Their masses",
            "B) Distance between them",
            "C) Medium between them",
            "D) Universal gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If one mass becomes three times and the distance becomes twice, the gravitational force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational force acts along:",
          "options": [
            "A) Tangent to the orbit",
            "B) Line joining the centres of the two bodies",
            "C) Vertical direction only",
            "D) Horizontal direction only"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which quantity is universal?",
          "options": [
            "A) Acceleration due to gravity",
            "B) Weight",
            "C) Gravitational constant",
            "D) Mass density"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The Universal Law of Gravitation explains:",
          "options": [
            "A) Falling of bodies only",
            "B) Motion of planets only",
            "C) Both terrestrial and celestial motions",
            "D) Only satellite motion"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Acceleration Due to Gravity (g) (15 MCQs)",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " Acceleration due to gravity on the Earth's surface is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 8.9 m/s²",
            "B) 9.8 m/s²",
            "C) 10.8 m/s²",
            "D) 11.8 m/s²"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of acceleration due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) N",
            "B) m/s²",
            "C) kg",
            "D) J"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The acceleration due to gravity depends upon:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of the falling body",
            "B) Mass and radius of the Earth",
            "C) Shape of the falling body",
            "D) Density of air only"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The formula for acceleration due to gravity at the Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The value of acceleration due to gravity is maximum at:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equator",
            "B) Poles",
            "C) Centre of the Earth",
            "D) Same everywhere"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " At the centre of the Earth, the value of acceleration due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9.8 m/s²",
            "B) 4.9 m/s²",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The weight of an object is equal to:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the mass of an object is doubled, its acceleration due to gravity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Doubles",
            "B) Becomes half",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The direction of acceleration due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Upward",
            "B) Towards the centre of the Earth",
            "C) Horizontal",
            "D) Along the equator"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The dimension of acceleration due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The value of on the Moon is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9.8 m/s²",
            "B) 4.9 m/s²",
            "C) 1.6 m/s²",
            "D) 0.98 m/s²"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which quantity remains constant when an object falls freely near Earth's surface (ignoring air resistance)?",
          "options": [
            "A) Velocity",
            "B) Acceleration",
            "C) Momentum",
            "D) Kinetic Energy"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The acceleration due to gravity is independent of:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's mass",
            "B) Earth's radius",
            "C) Mass of the falling object",
            "D) Universal gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The value of acceleration due to gravity is approximately equal to:",
          "options": [
            "A) 10 m/s²",
            "B) 20 m/s²",
            "C) 5 m/s²",
            "D) 15 m/s²"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which of the following statements is correct?",
          "options": [
            "A) Heavier bodies fall faster than lighter bodies.",
            "B) Lighter bodies fall faster than heavier bodies.",
            "C) In the absence of air resistance, all bodies fall with the same acceleration.",
            "D) Acceleration due to gravity depends on the shape of the object."
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Variation of with Altitude",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " As the altitude above the Earth's surface increases, the value of acceleration due to gravity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes zero immediately"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The formula for acceleration due to gravity at an altitude above the Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " At a very large altitude from Earth, the value of approaches:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9.8 m/s²",
            "B) 4.9 m/s²",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinity"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If a satellite moves farther away from Earth, the acceleration due to gravity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Becomes negative"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " For small altitudes, is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the altitude becomes equal to the Earth's radius , the value of becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The value of acceleration due to gravity depends on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Height above Earth's surface",
            "B) Mass of the object",
            "C) Colour of the object",
            "D) Shape of the object"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " As altitude increases, the weight of a body:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) First increases then decreases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of acceleration due to gravity at altitude is:",
          "options": [
            "A) N",
            "B) m/s²",
            "C) kg",
            "D) J"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The value of is minimum at:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's centre",
            "B) Earth's surface",
            "C) High altitude",
            "D) Pole"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which graph correctly represents the variation of with altitude?",
          "options": [
            "A) Increasing straight line",
            "B) Horizontal line",
            "C) Decreasing curve",
            "D) Increasing curve"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If a body is taken to a mountain top, its mass:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If a body is taken to a mountain top, its weight:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Doubles"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " For a satellite orbiting Earth, the value of acceleration due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Zero",
            "B) Less than on Earth's surface",
            "C) Greater than on Earth's surface",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which statement is correct?",
          "options": [
            "A) Gravity becomes zero immediately above Earth's surface.",
            "B) Gravity decreases gradually with altitude.",
            "C) Gravity increases with altitude.",
            "D) Gravity is independent of distance from Earth."
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Variation of with Depth",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " As the depth below the Earth's surface increases, the value of acceleration due to gravity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The formula for acceleration due to gravity at depth is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " At the centre of the Earth, the value of acceleration due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9.8 m/s²",
            "B) 4.9 m/s²",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If a body is taken deeper inside the Earth, its weight:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Doubles"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " At half the Earth's radius below the surface , the value of becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The variation of with depth is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) Exponential",
            "B) Linear",
            "C) Quadratic",
            "D) Constant"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The value of acceleration due to gravity is minimum at:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's surface",
            "B) Equator",
            "C) Centre of the Earth",
            "D) Poles"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which quantity remains unchanged when a body is taken deep inside the Earth?",
          "options": [
            "A) Weight",
            "B) Acceleration due to gravity",
            "C) Mass",
            "D) Gravitational force"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " At a depth of one-fourth the Earth's radius, the value of is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The graph of versus depth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increasing straight line",
            "B) Horizontal line",
            "C) Decreasing straight line",
            "D) Increasing curve"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which statement is correct?",
          "options": [
            "A) Gravity increases inside the Earth.",
            "B) Gravity decreases uniformly with depth.",
            "C) Gravity first increases then decreases.",
            "D) Gravity remains constant."
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " At what depth does the value of become half of its surface value?",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The formula is valid for:",
          "options": [
            "A) Any planet under all conditions",
            "B) A uniformly dense Earth",
            "C) Only the Moon",
            "D) Satellites"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of acceleration due to gravity at any depth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) N",
            "B) kg",
            "C) m/s²",
            "D) J"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which statement is true?",
          "options": [
            "A) becomes zero immediately below Earth's surface.",
            "B) decreases gradually with depth and becomes zero at the centre.",
            "C) increases with depth.",
            "D) remains constant inside the Earth."
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Gravitational Potential Energy (15 MCQs)",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " The gravitational potential energy of two masses separated by a distance is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of gravitational potential energy is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Newton",
            "B) Joule",
            "C) Watt",
            "D) Pascal"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Gravitational potential energy between two masses is always:",
          "options": [
            "A) Positive",
            "B) Negative",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational potential energy becomes zero when the separation between the two bodies is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equal to Earth's radius",
            "B) Infinite",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Half Earth's radius"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the distance between two masses is doubled, the magnitude of gravitational potential energy becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Half",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Unchanged"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " If one of the masses is doubled, the gravitational potential energy becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Half",
            "B) Double",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Unchanged"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Gravitational potential energy depends upon:",
          "options": [
            "A) Masses of the bodies",
            "B) Distance between them",
            "C) Both A and B",
            "D) Neither A nor B"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The negative sign in gravitational potential energy indicates:",
          "options": [
            "A) Energy is lost",
            "B) Force is attractive",
            "C) Gravity is weak",
            "D) Distance is negative"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " As the distance between two masses increases, gravitational potential energy:",
          "options": [
            "A) Becomes more negative",
            "B) Approaches zero",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes positive"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational potential energy of an object at infinity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Positive",
            "B) Negative",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which quantity is a scalar?",
          "options": [
            "A) Gravitational force",
            "B) Gravitational potential energy",
            "C) Weight",
            "D) Acceleration due to gravity"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " If two bodies are brought closer together, the gravitational potential energy:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Becomes less negative",
            "C) Becomes more negative",
            "D) Remains unchanged"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The dimensional formula of gravitational potential energy is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " A body of mass is moved farther from Earth. Its gravitational potential energy:",
          "options": [
            "A) Decreases",
            "B) Increases (towards zero)",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes negative infinity"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which of the following expressions correctly gives the gravitational potential energy of a mass at the Earth's surface?",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Gravitational Potential",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " Gravitational potential at a point is defined as:",
          "options": [
            "A) Force acting on a unit mass",
            "B) Work done in bringing a unit mass from infinity to that point",
            "C) Potential energy of a body",
            "D) Gravitational force between two bodies"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of gravitational potential is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Joule",
            "B) Joule per kilogram (J/kg)",
            "C) Newton",
            "D) Watt"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational potential due to a point mass is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Gravitational potential is a:",
          "options": [
            "A) Scalar quantity",
            "B) Vector quantity",
            "C) Tensor quantity",
            "D) Dimensionless quantity"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational potential at infinity is taken as:",
          "options": [
            "A) Positive",
            "B) Negative",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational potential due to Earth at its surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " As the distance from Earth increases, the gravitational potential:",
          "options": [
            "A) Becomes more negative",
            "B) Approaches zero",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes positive"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Gravitational potential depends on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of the source body",
            "B) Distance from the source",
            "C) Both A and B",
            "D) Mass of the test body"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The dimensional formula of gravitational potential is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " The relationship between gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational potential at the centre of a hollow spherical shell is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Zero",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the mass of the source body doubles, the gravitational potential becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Half",
            "B) Double",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Unchanged"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which of the following quantities can have a negative value?",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass",
            "B) Distance",
            "C) Gravitational Potential",
            "D) Universal Gravitational Constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Gravitational potential is maximum at:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's centre",
            "B) Earth's surface",
            "C) Infinity",
            "D) Poles"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which statement is correct?",
          "options": [
            "A) Gravitational potential depends on the mass of the test body.",
            "B) Gravitational potential is always positive.",
            "C) Gravitational potential is the work done per unit mass in bringing a body from infinity.",
            "D) Gravitational potential is a vector quantity."
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Escape Velocity",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " Escape velocity is the minimum velocity required for a body to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Revolve around Earth",
            "B) Reach the Moon",
            "C) Escape the gravitational pull of a planet without further propulsion",
            "D) Fall freely towards Earth"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The escape velocity from the Earth's surface is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 7.9 km/s",
            "B) 9.8 km/s",
            "C) 11.2 km/s",
            "D) 15 km/s"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The formula for escape velocity is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Escape velocity depends on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of the projectile",
            "B) Mass and radius of the planet",
            "C) Shape of the projectile",
            "D) Density of the projectile"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Escape velocity is independent of:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of the planet",
            "B) Radius of the planet",
            "C) Mass of the escaping body",
            "D) Gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The relation between escape velocity and acceleration due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Escape velocity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Less than orbital velocity",
            "B) Equal to orbital velocity",
            "C) Greater than orbital velocity",
            "D) Unrelated to orbital velocity"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the radius of a planet increases while its mass remains constant, the escape velocity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Doubles"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the mass of a planet doubles while its radius remains the same, the escape velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Half",
            "C) times",
            "D) Four times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of escape velocity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) m",
            "B) m/s",
            "C) m/s²",
            "D) km"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " If a body is projected with a speed greater than the escape velocity, it will:",
          "options": [
            "A) Return to Earth",
            "B) Revolve around Earth",
            "C) Escape Earth's gravitational field",
            "D) Remain stationary"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The escape velocity from the Moon is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1.4 km/s",
            "B) 2.4 km/s",
            "C) 5.6 km/s",
            "D) 11.2 km/s"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which statement is correct?",
          "options": [
            "A) Escape velocity depends on the launch angle.",
            "B) Escape velocity depends on the mass of the rocket.",
            "C) Escape velocity is the minimum speed required to escape the gravitational field.",
            "D) Escape velocity is equal to orbital velocity."
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " For a planet with the same radius as Earth but four times Earth's mass, the escape velocity will be:",
          "options": [
            "A) 11.2 km/s",
            "B) 22.4 km/s",
            "C) 44.8 km/s",
            "D) 5.6 km/s"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which of the following expressions correctly relates escape velocity and orbital velocity?",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Orbital Velocity of a Satellite",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " Orbital velocity is the minimum velocity required for a satellite to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Escape Earth's gravitational field",
            "B) Remain in a stable circular orbit around Earth",
            "C) Reach the Moon",
            "D) Return to Earth"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The formula for orbital velocity is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The orbital velocity of a satellite near the Earth's surface is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 5.6 km/s",
            "B) 7.9 km/s",
            "C) 9.8 km/s",
            "D) 11.2 km/s"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Orbital velocity depends upon:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of the satellite",
            "B) Mass of the Earth and orbital radius",
            "C) Shape of the satellite",
            "D) Density of the satellite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Orbital velocity is independent of:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of the Earth",
            "B) Radius of the orbit",
            "C) Mass of the satellite",
            "D) Gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the orbital radius increases, the orbital velocity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Doubles"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of orbital velocity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) m",
            "B) m/s",
            "C) m/s²",
            "D) km"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which provides the necessary centripetal force for a satellite?",
          "options": [
            "A) Magnetic force",
            "B) Gravitational force",
            "C) Electrostatic force",
            "D) Friction"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " For a satellite moving in a circular orbit,",
          "options": [
            "A) Centripetal force is greater than gravitational force.",
            "B) Centripetal force is less than gravitational force.",
            "C) Gravitational force provides the centripetal force.",
            "D) There is no centripetal force."
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The orbital velocity of a satellite is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equal to escape velocity",
            "B) Greater than escape velocity",
            "C) Less than escape velocity",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the Earth's mass doubles while its radius remains unchanged, the orbital velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Half",
            "C) times",
            "D) Four times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the orbital radius becomes four times its original value, the orbital velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Four times",
            "B) Twice",
            "C) Half",
            "D) One-fourth"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " A satellite in a circular orbit is in:",
          "options": [
            "A) Translational equilibrium",
            "B) Rotational equilibrium",
            "C) Continuous free fall towards Earth",
            "D) Rest"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The relation between orbital velocity and escape velocity is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Orbital Velocity of a Satellite",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " Orbital velocity is the minimum velocity required for a satellite to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Escape Earth's gravitational field",
            "B) Remain in a stable circular orbit around Earth",
            "C) Reach the Moon",
            "D) Return to Earth"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The formula for orbital velocity is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The orbital velocity of a satellite near the Earth's surface is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 5.6 km/s",
            "B) 7.9 km/s",
            "C) 9.8 km/s",
            "D) 11.2 km/s"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Orbital velocity depends upon:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of the satellite",
            "B) Mass of the Earth and orbital radius",
            "C) Shape of the satellite",
            "D) Density of the satellite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Orbital velocity is independent of:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of the Earth",
            "B) Radius of the orbit",
            "C) Mass of the satellite",
            "D) Gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the orbital radius increases, the orbital velocity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Doubles"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of orbital velocity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) m",
            "B) m/s",
            "C) m/s²",
            "D) km"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which provides the necessary centripetal force for a satellite?",
          "options": [
            "A) Magnetic force",
            "B) Gravitational force",
            "C) Electrostatic force",
            "D) Friction"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " For a satellite moving in a circular orbit,",
          "options": [
            "A) Centripetal force is greater than gravitational force.",
            "B) Centripetal force is less than gravitational force.",
            "C) Gravitational force provides the centripetal force.",
            "D) There is no centripetal force."
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The orbital velocity of a satellite is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equal to escape velocity",
            "B) Greater than escape velocity",
            "C) Less than escape velocity",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the Earth's mass doubles while its radius remains unchanged, the orbital velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Half",
            "C) times",
            "D) Four times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the orbital radius becomes four times its original value, the orbital velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Four times",
            "B) Twice",
            "C) Half",
            "D) One-fourth"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " A satellite in a circular orbit is in:",
          "options": [
            "A) Translational equilibrium",
            "B) Rotational equilibrium",
            "C) Continuous free fall towards Earth",
            "D) Rest"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The relation between orbital velocity and escape velocity is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Energy of a Satellite",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " The total mechanical energy of a satellite in a circular orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The kinetic energy of a satellite in a circular orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational potential energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " The total energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Positive",
            "B) Zero",
            "C) Negative",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The ratio of kinetic energy to the magnitude of potential energy is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1 : 1",
            "B) 1 : 2",
            "C) 2 : 1",
            "D) 3 : 1"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The potential energy of a satellite is ______ its kinetic energy.",
          "options": [
            "A) Equal to",
            "B) Half of",
            "C) Twice the magnitude and negative",
            "D) Four times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The total energy of a satellite is equal to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy",
            "B) Kinetic Energy − Potential Energy",
            "C) Potential Energy − Kinetic Energy",
            "D) Only Kinetic Energy"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the orbital radius increases, the total energy:",
          "options": [
            "A) Becomes more negative",
            "B) Becomes less negative",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes positive"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of satellite energy is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Watt",
            "B) Joule",
            "C) Newton",
            "D) Pascal"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " A satellite moving in a circular orbit has:",
          "options": [
            "A) Constant kinetic energy",
            "B) Variable kinetic energy",
            "C) Zero kinetic energy",
            "D) Infinite kinetic energy"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the mass of the satellite doubles, its total energy becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Half",
            "B) Double",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Unchanged"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which energy is greater in magnitude for a satellite in circular orbit?",
          "options": [
            "A) Kinetic Energy",
            "B) Potential Energy",
            "C) Total Energy",
            "D) Both are equal"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The condition for a satellite to remain in a bound orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Total energy is positive.",
            "B) Total energy is zero.",
            "C) Total energy is negative.",
            "D) Kinetic energy is zero."
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If a satellite escapes Earth's gravitational field, its total mechanical energy becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Negative",
            "B) Positive",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which of the following is the correct relation?",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Both A and C"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Geostationary Satellites",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " A geostationary satellite revolves around the Earth in:",
          "options": [
            "A) 12 hours",
            "B) 18 hours",
            "C) 24 hours",
            "D) 48 hours"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " A geostationary satellite appears:",
          "options": [
            "A) To move from east to west",
            "B) To move from west to east",
            "C) Stationary with respect to an observer on Earth",
            "D) To move randomly"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " A geostationary satellite orbits in:",
          "options": [
            "A) A polar orbit",
            "B) An inclined orbit",
            "C) The equatorial plane",
            "D) Any plane"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The direction of motion of a geostationary satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) East to West",
            "B) West to East",
            "C) North to South",
            "D) South to North"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The approximate height of a geostationary satellite above the Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 7,900 km",
            "B) 20,000 km",
            "C) 35,786 km",
            "D) 50,000 km"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The orbital radius of a geostationary satellite from the Earth's centre is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 6,400 km",
            "B) 12,000 km",
            "C) 42,200 km",
            "D) 60,000 km"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " A geostationary satellite is mainly used for:",
          "options": [
            "A) Weather forecasting",
            "B) Communication",
            "C) Television broadcasting",
            "D) All of the above"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": " The orbital speed of a geostationary satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Greater than the escape velocity",
            "B) Less than the escape velocity",
            "C) Equal to the escape velocity",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " How many times does a geostationary satellite revolve around the Earth in one day?",
          "options": [
            "A) 24",
            "B) 12",
            "C) 2",
            "D) 1"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": " A geostationary satellite cannot be placed:",
          "options": [
            "A) Above the equator",
            "B) In the equatorial plane",
            "C) Above the poles",
            "D) At 35,786 km altitude"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which condition is necessary for a satellite to be geostationary?",
          "options": [
            "A) Circular orbit",
            "B) Equatorial orbit",
            "C) Time period of 24 hours",
            "D) All of the above"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": " The angular velocity of a geostationary satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Greater than Earth's angular velocity",
            "B) Less than Earth's angular velocity",
            "C) Equal to Earth's angular velocity",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which of the following satellites can remain continuously above one city?",
          "options": [
            "A) Polar satellite",
            "B) Low Earth Orbit satellite",
            "C) Geostationary satellite",
            "D) Space station"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The major advantage of a geostationary satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) It requires no ground antenna.",
            "B) It appears stationary relative to Earth.",
            "C) It has zero orbital velocity.",
            "D) It revolves around the poles."
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which statement about a geostationary satellite is correct?",
          "options": [
            "A) It revolves around the Earth in 12 hours.",
            "B) It revolves in a polar orbit.",
            "C) It remains fixed relative to an observer on Earth.",
            "D) It has zero gravitational force acting on it."
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
      "Medium":[
        {
      "topic": "Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " According to Kepler's First Law, planets move around the Sun in:",
          "options": [
            "A) Circular orbits",
            "B) Elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus",
            "C) Parabolic orbits",
            "D) Hyperbolic orbits"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " According to Kepler's Second Law, the line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equal distances in equal times",
            "B) Equal angles in equal times",
            "C) Equal areas in equal times",
            "D) Equal velocities in equal times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " A planet moves faster when it is:",
          "options": [
            "A) At aphelion",
            "B) At perihelion",
            "C) At the centre of the orbit",
            "D) Speed remains constant"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " According to Kepler's Third Law,",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the orbital radius of a planet becomes four times, its time period becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 4 times",
            "B) 8 times",
            "C) 16 times",
            "D) 2 times"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the orbital radius becomes nine times, the orbital period becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9 times",
            "B) 18 times",
            "C) 27 times",
            "D) 3 times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the orbital period of Planet A is twice that of Planet B, then",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " A planet moves slowest at:",
          "options": [
            "A) Perihelion",
            "B) Aphelion",
            "C) Centre of ellipse",
            "D) Focus"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which Kepler law explains conservation of angular momentum?",
          "options": [
            "A) First Law",
            "B) Second Law",
            "C) Third Law",
            "D) None"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Two planets have orbital radii in the ratio Their time periods are in the ratio:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the orbital period of a planet is 27 years, compared to another planet with a period of 1 year, then the orbital radius ratio is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of the proportionality constant in Kepler's Third Law is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Dimensionless",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which law can be derived directly from Newton's law of gravitation?",
          "options": [
            "A) Only First Law",
            "B) Only Second Law",
            "C) Only Third Law",
            "D) All three laws"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the semi-major axis of a planet becomes twice its original value, the new time period is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which of the following statements is incorrect?",
          "options": [
            "A) Planetary orbits are elliptical.",
            "B) A planet moves faster near the Sun.",
            "C) The Sun is located at the centre of every planetary orbit.",
            "D) Equal areas are swept in equal intervals of time."
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Universal Law of Gravitation",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": " According to Newton's law of gravitation, the gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Distance between them",
            "B) Product of their masses",
            "C) Sum of their masses",
            "D) Square of their masses"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational force between two masses is inversely proportional to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Distance",
            "B) Square of the distance",
            "C) Cube of the distance",
            "D) Product of distances"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The SI unit of the universal gravitational constant is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Nm²/kg²",
            "B) N/kg",
            "C) Nm/kg",
            "D) m/s²"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " The value of the universal gravitational constant is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " If the distance between two bodies is doubled, the gravitational force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Half",
            "C) One-fourth",
            "D) Four times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " If both masses are doubled, the gravitational force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Four times",
            "C) Half",
            "D) Eight times"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " If one mass is doubled and the distance is doubled, the gravitational force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Same",
            "B) Double",
            "C) Half",
            "D) One-fourth"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational force between two bodies is always:",
          "options": [
            "A) Repulsive",
            "B) Attractive",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Depends on their charges"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational force between two objects is independent of:",
          "options": [
            "A) Their masses",
            "B) Distance between them",
            "C) Medium between them",
            "D) Universal gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Two bodies of masses and are separated by a distance . The gravitational force is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": " The dimensional formula of the gravitational constant is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": " Two identical masses are separated by distance . If each mass is tripled and the distance is halved, the force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9 times",
            "B) 18 times",
            "C) 36 times",
            "D) 12 times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " The gravitational force between Earth and an object is an example of:",
          "options": [
            "A) Contact force",
            "B) Electromagnetic force",
            "C) Non-contact force",
            "D) Nuclear force"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Which scientist experimentally determined the value of ?",
          "options": [
            "A) Newton",
            "B) Galileo",
            "C) Cavendish",
            "D) Kepler"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": " Two masses attract each other with force . If the distance between them is reduced to one-third while keeping the masses unchanged, the new force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Acceleration Due to Gravity & Its Variation with Altitude and Depth",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The value of acceleration due to gravity on Earth's surface is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9.8 m/s",
            "B) 9.8 m/s²",
            "C) 98 m/s²",
            "D) 0.98 m/s²"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Acceleration due to gravity depends on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of falling body only",
            "B) Radius and mass of Earth",
            "C) Shape of falling body",
            "D) Volume of falling body"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The formula for acceleration due to gravity at Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the mass of Earth remains constant but its radius becomes half, the value of g becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Half",
            "B) Double",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) One-fourth"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The value of acceleration due to gravity decreases with increase in altitude because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of Earth decreases",
            "B) Distance from Earth's centre increases",
            "C) Earth's rotation increases",
            "D) Air resistance increases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "At a height h above Earth's surface, acceleration due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "When height above Earth's surface is equal to Earth's radius (h = R), the value of g becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) g",
            "B) 2g",
            "C) g/2",
            "D) g/4"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "The value of g at the centre of Earth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9.8 m/s²",
            "B) Maximum",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "At a depth d below Earth's surface, acceleration due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a person goes deep inside Earth, their weight:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body weighs 600 N on Earth's surface. At a height equal to Earth's radius, its weight will be:",
          "options": [
            "A) 600 N",
            "B) 300 N",
            "C) 150 N",
            "D) 100 N"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The graph between acceleration due to gravity (g) and distance from Earth's centre inside Earth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Straight increasing line",
            "B) Straight decreasing line",
            "C) Constant line",
            "D) Parabolic curve"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's radius increases but its mass remains the same, acceleration due to gravity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite orbiting close to Earth's surface experiences acceleration due to gravity nearly equal to:",
          "options": [
            "A) 0",
            "B) 4.9 m/s²",
            "C) 9.8 m/s²",
            "D) 19.6 m/s²"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The value of g is maximum at:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's centre",
            "B) Earth's surface",
            "C) Very high altitude",
            "D) Infinite distance"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Variation of g with Altitude",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The value of acceleration due to gravity at a height h above Earth's surface is given by:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A person goes to a height equal to Earth's radius above the surface. The value of g becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) g",
            "B) 2g",
            "C) g/2",
            "D) g/4"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the height above Earth's surface is very small compared to Earth's radius, the change in g is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The weight of an object at a height h above Earth's surface:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains same",
            "D) First increases then decreases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite is moved from Earth's surface to a height equal to Earth's radius. Its weight becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Half",
            "B) One-fourth",
            "C) Double",
            "D) Same"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's radius is R and a body is taken to height 2R above surface, acceleration due to gravity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) g/2",
            "B) g/3",
            "C) g/4",
            "D) g/9"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "The variation of g with altitude is due to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Change in mass of Earth",
            "B) Change in distance from Earth's centre",
            "C) Change in mass of object",
            "D) Change in atmosphere"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "At a height h, where h = R/2, the value of g is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body weighs 980 N on Earth's surface. At a height equal to Earth's radius, its weight will be:",
          "options": [
            "A) 490 N",
            "B) 245 N",
            "C) 980 N",
            "D) 1960 N"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The graph between g and altitude above Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Straight line increasing",
            "B) Straight line decreasing",
            "C) Hyperbolic decreasing curve",
            "D) Parabolic increasing curve"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If acceleration due to gravity at Earth's surface is 9.8 m/s², its value at a height R above Earth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9.8 m/s²",
            "B) 4.9 m/s²",
            "C) 2.45 m/s²",
            "D) 1.22 m/s²"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite orbiting farther away from Earth experiences:",
          "options": [
            "A) Greater gravitational acceleration",
            "B) Smaller gravitational acceleration",
            "C) Same gravitational acceleration",
            "D) Zero gravity always"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The relation between acceleration due to gravity and distance from Earth's centre is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the radius of Earth's orbit around the Sun increases, the gravitational acceleration due to Sun:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "An astronaut in a spacecraft feels weightlessness mainly because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Gravity is absent",
            "B) Mass becomes zero",
            "C) Spacecraft and astronaut are in free fall",
            "D) Earth stops attracting them"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Variation of g with Altitude",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The value of acceleration due to gravity at a depth d below Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "As we go inside Earth, the value of g:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The value of acceleration due to gravity at the centre of Earth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9.8 m/s²",
            "B) 4.9 m/s²",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Maximum"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body taken to a depth equal to half of Earth's radius will experience acceleration due to gravity:",
          "options": [
            "A) g",
            "B) g/2",
            "C) g/4",
            "D) 2g"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The weight of a body at the centre of Earth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Maximum",
            "B) Half of surface weight",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Same as surface weight"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The decrease in g inside Earth is because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's mass decreases uniformly",
            "B) Effective mass attracting the body decreases",
            "C) Radius of Earth decreases",
            "D) Temperature increases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "At a depth d, the relation between g and depth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Directly proportional",
            "B) Inversely proportional",
            "C) Linearly decreasing",
            "D) Constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A person weighs 600 N on Earth's surface. At a depth R/2, the weight will be:",
          "options": [
            "A) 600 N",
            "B) 300 N",
            "C) 150 N",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The graph between acceleration due to gravity and depth inside Earth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Straight line decreasing",
            "B) Straight line increasing",
            "C) Circular curve",
            "D) Constant line"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's radius is R, the value of g at depth R is:",
          "options": [
            "A) g",
            "B) g/2",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) 2g"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body is taken from Earth's surface to its centre. Its gravitational force:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases continuously",
            "B) Decreases continuously",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Becomes infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The expression is valid when:",
          "options": [
            "A) Outside Earth",
            "B) Inside Earth assuming uniform density",
            "C) Near Moon",
            "D) For satellites only"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A mine is dug to a depth of 1 km inside Earth. The value of g there will be:",
          "options": [
            "A) Slightly less than surface value",
            "B) Much greater than surface value",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the depth inside Earth increases, the gravitational potential:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Becomes constant immediately",
            "D) Always becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "Which statement is correct?",
          "options": [
            "A) g is maximum at Earth's centre",
            "B) g is minimum at Earth's surface",
            "C) g decreases from surface to centre",
            "D) g increases with depth"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Gravitational Potential Energy",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "Gravitational potential energy of a body at a distance r from Earth's centre is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The negative sign in gravitational potential energy indicates:",
          "options": [
            "A) Energy is always negative",
            "B) Zero energy is impossible",
            "C) Gravitational force is attractive",
            "D) Mass is negative"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential energy of a satellite at infinity is considered:",
          "options": [
            "A) Maximum",
            "B) Minimum",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "When a body is lifted from Earth's surface to a height h, its gravitational potential energy:",
          "options": [
            "A) Decreases",
            "B) Increases",
            "C) Becomes zero",
            "D) Remains constant"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The work done in moving a mass against gravity is stored as:",
          "options": [
            "A) Kinetic energy",
            "B) Thermal energy",
            "C) Gravitational potential energy",
            "D) Chemical energy"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "Two bodies of masses m and M are separated by distance r. Their gravitational potential energy depends on:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential energy of a satellite orbiting Earth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Positive",
            "B) Negative",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the distance between two masses is doubled, their gravitational potential energy becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Half",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) One-fourth"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The unit of gravitational potential energy is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Newton",
            "B) Joule",
            "C) Watt",
            "D) Pascal"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body of mass m is taken from Earth's surface to infinity. The minimum energy required is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential energy of a system becomes more negative when:",
          "options": [
            "A) Distance increases",
            "B) Distance decreases",
            "C) Mass decreases",
            "D) Gravity becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the mass of a body is doubled, its gravitational potential energy becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Half",
            "B) Double",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Unchanged"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential energy near Earth's surface is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Zero always"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite moves from a lower orbit to a higher orbit. Its gravitational potential energy:",
          "options": [
            "A) Decreases",
            "B) Increases",
            "C) Remains same",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential energy of two separated masses is minimum when:",
          "options": [
            "A) They are infinitely far apart",
            "B) They are close together",
            "C) One mass is zero",
            "D) Gravity is absent"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Gravitational Potential",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "Gravitational potential at a point is defined as:",
          "options": [
            "A) Force acting on unit mass",
            "B) Work done per unit mass in bringing a body from infinity",
            "C) Energy of a body",
            "D) Force × displacement"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential due to a mass M at distance r is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The SI unit of gravitational potential is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Joule",
            "B) Newton",
            "C) Joule/kg",
            "D) Newton/kg"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "Gravitational potential is a:",
          "options": [
            "A) Vector quantity",
            "B) Scalar quantity",
            "C) Tensor quantity",
            "D) Dimensionless quantity"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential at infinity is taken as:",
          "options": [
            "A) Maximum",
            "B) Minimum",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Negative infinity"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential at Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Positive",
            "B) Negative",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the distance from Earth's centre is increased, gravitational potential:",
          "options": [
            "A) Becomes more negative",
            "B) Becomes less negative",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes infinite negative"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The relation between gravitational potential energy (U) and potential (V) is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A mass of 5 kg is placed at a point where gravitational potential is -200 J/kg. Its potential energy is:",
          "options": [
            "A) -40 J",
            "B) -1000 J",
            "C) 1000 J",
            "D) -200 J"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential due to Earth becomes zero at:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's surface",
            "B) Earth's centre",
            "C) Infinity",
            "D) Moon surface"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential inside a hollow spherical shell is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Maximum at centre",
            "B) Zero everywhere",
            "C) Constant everywhere",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The dimensional formula of gravitational potential is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Two points are at distances R and 2R from Earth's centre. The ratio of potentials is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1 : 2",
            "B) 2 : 1",
            "C) 4 : 1",
            "D) 1 : 4"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The work done in moving a mass between two points in a gravitational field depends on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Path followed",
            "B) Initial and final positions only",
            "C) Speed of motion",
            "D) Time taken"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body is moved from Earth's surface to infinity. Its gravitational potential energy:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases to zero",
            "B) Decreases further",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Becomes positive immediately"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Escape Velocity",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "Escape velocity is the minimum velocity required to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Enter Earth's atmosphere",
            "B) Escape Earth's gravitational field permanently",
            "C) Orbit around Earth",
            "D) Stop a satellite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The formula for escape velocity from Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The escape velocity from Earth's surface is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 5.6 km/s",
            "B) 7.9 km/s",
            "C) 11.2 km/s",
            "D) 15 km/s"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "Escape velocity depends on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of projectile only",
            "B) Radius and mass of planet",
            "C) Shape of projectile",
            "D) Direction of launch only"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the mass of a planet becomes four times and radius remains same, escape velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Same",
            "B) Two times",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Half"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's radius becomes four times while mass remains same, escape velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Half",
            "C) One-fourth",
            "D) Four times"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Escape velocity is independent of:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of planet",
            "B) Radius of planet",
            "C) Mass of escaping body",
            "D) Gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The escape velocity from Moon is less than Earth because Moon has:",
          "options": [
            "A) Greater radius",
            "B) Smaller mass and gravity",
            "C) No atmosphere",
            "D) Higher temperature"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The ratio of escape velocity to orbital velocity near Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1 : 1",
            "B) √2 : 1",
            "C) 2 : 1",
            "D) 1 : √2"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a body is projected upward with velocity equal to escape velocity, its velocity at infinity will be:",
          "options": [
            "A) Maximum",
            "B) Zero",
            "C) Infinite",
            "D) Same as initial velocity"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A planet has same mass as Earth but radius twice Earth. Its escape velocity will be:",
          "options": [
            "A) 11.2 km/s",
            "B) 5.6 km/s",
            "C) 22.4 km/s",
            "D) 2.8 km/s"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Escape velocity does not depend on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Gravitational field",
            "B) Planet mass",
            "C) Planet radius",
            "D) Angle of projection"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "The escape velocity from a planet is 20 km/s. The minimum kinetic energy required for a body of mass m is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A rocket launched from Earth requires escape velocity because:",
          "options": [
            "A) It has to stop Earth's rotation",
            "B) It must overcome Earth's gravitational attraction",
            "C) It needs more oxygen",
            "D) It must increase its mass"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the gravitational acceleration on a planet is doubled and radius remains same, escape velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Half",
            "B) Double",
            "C) √2 times",
            "D) Four times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Orbital Velocity of a Satellite",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "Orbital velocity is the velocity required by a satellite to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Escape Earth's gravity",
            "B) Remain in a stable circular orbit around Earth",
            "C) Stop moving around Earth",
            "D) Leave the atmosphere"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The formula for orbital velocity of a satellite at distance r from Earth's centre is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The orbital velocity of a satellite near Earth's surface is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 7.9 km/s",
            "B) 11.2 km/s",
            "C) 5.6 km/s",
            "D) 15 km/s"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "As the distance of a satellite from Earth's centre increases, its orbital velocity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes zero immediately"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The orbital velocity of a satellite depends on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of satellite",
            "B) Mass of Earth and orbital radius",
            "C) Shape of satellite",
            "D) Colour of satellite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite of mass 1000 kg and another of mass 2000 kg are placed in the same orbit. Their orbital velocities are:",
          "options": [
            "A) Different",
            "B) Same",
            "C) Double for heavier satellite",
            "D) Half for lighter satellite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the radius of a satellite's orbit is increased four times, its orbital velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 4 times",
            "B) 2 times",
            "C) Half",
            "D) One-fourth"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The centripetal force required for a satellite is provided by:",
          "options": [
            "A) Friction",
            "B) Earth's gravitational force",
            "C) Magnetic force",
            "D) Atmospheric force"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The relation between escape velocity and orbital velocity is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite closer to Earth has:",
          "options": [
            "A) Lower orbital speed",
            "B) Higher orbital speed",
            "C) Zero speed",
            "D) Infinite speed"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The time period of a satellite increases when:",
          "options": [
            "A) Orbital radius decreases",
            "B) Orbital radius increases",
            "C) Satellite mass increases",
            "D) Gravity increases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite moves around Earth in a circular orbit because:",
          "options": [
            "A) No force acts on it",
            "B) Gravity provides centripetal force",
            "C) It has no mass",
            "D) Air pushes it"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's mass increases while radius of orbit remains same, orbital velocity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Decreases",
            "B) Increases",
            "C) Remains same",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite in a higher orbit has:",
          "options": [
            "A) Greater kinetic energy",
            "B) Smaller orbital velocity",
            "C) Greater gravitational force",
            "D) Smaller time period"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The orbital velocity of a satellite does not depend on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Radius of orbit",
            "B) Mass of Earth",
            "C) Mass of satellite",
            "D) Gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Orbital Velocity of a Satellite",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The total energy of a satellite in a circular orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Positive",
            "B) Negative",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The kinetic energy of a satellite moving in a circular orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The total energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equal to kinetic energy",
            "B) Equal to potential energy",
            "C) Half of potential energy",
            "D) Sum of kinetic and potential energy"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "The total mechanical energy of a satellite in orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the radius of orbit increases, the total energy of a satellite:",
          "options": [
            "A) Becomes more negative",
            "B) Increases (becomes less negative)",
            "C) Becomes zero immediately",
            "D) Decreases continuously"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite requires energy to move from a lower orbit to a higher orbit because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Its potential energy decreases",
            "B) Its total energy increases",
            "C) Its mass increases",
            "D) Gravity disappears"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The ratio of kinetic energy to potential energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1 : 1",
            "B) 1 : 2",
            "C) 2 : -1",
            "D) -1 : 2"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the mass of a satellite is doubled, its total energy becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Half",
            "B) Double",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Same"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite loses energy due to atmospheric resistance. Its orbit:",
          "options": [
            "A) Expands",
            "B) Shrinks",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Stops instantly"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The energy required to remove a satellite from Earth's orbit to infinity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Its kinetic energy",
            "B) Magnitude of its total energy",
            "C) Twice its energy",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The binding energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Total energy of satellite",
            "B) Kinetic energy only",
            "C) Energy required to free satellite from orbit",
            "D) Potential energy only"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite in a higher orbit has:",
          "options": [
            "A) More negative total energy",
            "B) Less negative total energy",
            "C) Zero energy",
            "D) Infinite energy"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "When a satellite moves closer to Earth:",
          "options": [
            "A) Kinetic energy decreases",
            "B) Kinetic energy increases",
            "C) Potential energy increases",
            "D) Total energy increases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "For a satellite in circular orbit:",
          "options": [
            "A) KE = PE",
            "B) KE = -PE/2",
            "C) PE = -KE/2",
            "D) Total energy = KE"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Energy of a Satellite",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The total energy of a satellite in a circular orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Positive",
            "B) Negative",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The kinetic energy of a satellite moving in a circular orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The total energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equal to kinetic energy",
            "B) Equal to potential energy",
            "C) Half of potential energy",
            "D) Sum of kinetic and potential energy"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "The total mechanical energy of a satellite in orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the radius of orbit increases, the total energy of a satellite:",
          "options": [
            "A) Becomes more negative",
            "B) Increases (becomes less negative)",
            "C) Becomes zero immediately",
            "D) Decreases continuously"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite requires energy to move from a lower orbit to a higher orbit because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Its potential energy decreases",
            "B) Its total energy increases",
            "C) Its mass increases",
            "D) Gravity disappears"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The ratio of kinetic energy to potential energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1 : 1",
            "B) 1 : 2",
            "C) 2 : -1",
            "D) -1 : 2"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the mass of a satellite is doubled, its total energy becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Half",
            "B) Double",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Same"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite loses energy due to atmospheric resistance. Its orbit:",
          "options": [
            "A) Expands",
            "B) Shrinks",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Stops instantly"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The energy required to remove a satellite from Earth's orbit to infinity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Its kinetic energy",
            "B) Magnitude of its total energy",
            "C) Twice its energy",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The binding energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Total energy of satellite",
            "B) Kinetic energy only",
            "C) Energy required to free satellite from orbit",
            "D) Potential energy only"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite in a higher orbit has:",
          "options": [
            "A) More negative total energy",
            "B) Less negative total energy",
            "C) Zero energy",
            "D) Infinite energy"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "When a satellite moves closer to Earth:",
          "options": [
            "A) Kinetic energy decreases",
            "B) Kinetic energy increases",
            "C) Potential energy increases",
            "D) Total energy increases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "For a satellite in circular orbit:",
          "options": [
            "A) KE = PE",
            "B) KE = -PE/2",
            "C) PE = -KE/2",
            "D) Total energy = KE"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Geostationary Satellites",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "A geostationary satellite appears stationary because:",
          "options": [
            "A) It has no velocity",
            "B) It rotates with Earth having same angular velocity",
            "C) Earth's gravity is zero there",
            "D) It does not orbit Earth"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The time period of a geostationary satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 6 hours",
            "B) 12 hours",
            "C) 24 hours",
            "D) 48 hours"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A geostationary satellite revolves around Earth in:",
          "options": [
            "A) Polar orbit",
            "B) Equatorial orbit",
            "C) Inclined orbit",
            "D) Random orbit"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The height of a geostationary satellite above Earth's surface is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1000 km",
            "B) 5000 km",
            "C) 36,000 km",
            "D) 1,00,000 km"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A geostationary satellite must move from:",
          "options": [
            "A) East to west",
            "B) West to east",
            "C) North to south",
            "D) South to north"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The main use of geostationary satellites is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Weather forecasting and communication",
            "B) Mining",
            "C) Transport",
            "D) Measuring weight"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The orbit of a geostationary satellite lies in:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's equatorial plane",
            "B) Earth's polar plane",
            "C) Any plane",
            "D) Moon's orbital plane"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "A geostationary satellite cannot be placed over:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equator",
            "B) Pacific Ocean",
            "C) Atlantic Ocean",
            "D) Poles"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "The angular velocity of a geostationary satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Greater than Earth's rotation",
            "B) Less than Earth's rotation",
            "C) Same as Earth's rotation",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The direction of rotation of a geostationary satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Opposite to Earth",
            "B) Same as Earth",
            "C) Random",
            "D) No rotation"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The orbital radius of a geostationary satellite is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equal to Earth's radius",
            "B) 2 times Earth's radius",
            "C) 6.6 times Earth's radius",
            "D) 10 times Earth's radius"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a satellite has a time period of 12 hours, it is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Geostationary",
            "B) Not geostationary",
            "C) At rest",
            "D) Outside Earth's gravity"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The advantage of geostationary satellites in communication is:",
          "options": [
            "A) They cover a fixed region continuously",
            "B) They have no gravity",
            "C) They require no energy",
            "D) They move randomly"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The minimum number of geostationary satellites required for global communication is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1",
            "B) 2",
            "C) 3",
            "D) 10"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "Which condition is NOT necessary for a satellite to be geostationary?",
          "options": [
            "A) Circular orbit",
            "B) Equatorial orbit",
            "C) Time period of 24 hours",
            "D) Polar orbit"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
      "Hard":[
        {
      "topic": "Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion (15 MCQs)",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "According to Kepler's first law, planets move around the Sun in:",
          "options": [
            "A) Circular orbits with Sun at centre",
            "B) Elliptical orbits with Sun at one focus",
            "C) Parabolic paths",
            "D) Random paths"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The point where a planet is closest to the Sun is called:",
          "options": [
            "A) Aphelion",
            "B) Perihelion",
            "C) Geostationary point",
            "D) Equilibrium point"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "According to Kepler's second law, the line joining the planet and Sun sweeps:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equal distances in equal times",
            "B) Equal areas in equal times",
            "C) Equal angles in equal times",
            "D) Equal velocities in equal times"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A planet moves faster when it is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Far from the Sun",
            "B) Near the Sun",
            "C) At constant speed everywhere",
            "D) At aphelion only"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Kepler's second law is a consequence of conservation of:",
          "options": [
            "A) Energy",
            "B) Linear momentum",
            "C) Angular momentum",
            "D) Mass"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "According to Kepler's third law:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Two planets revolve around the same star. Planet A has orbital radius 4 times planet B. The ratio of their time periods is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 4:1",
            "B) 8:1",
            "C) 16:1",
            "D) 2:1"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the distance of a planet from the Sun increases, its orbital velocity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The areal velocity of a planet around the Sun is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increasing continuously",
            "B) Decreasing continuously",
            "C) Constant",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A planet takes 8 years to complete one orbit. If another planet has orbital radius twice as large, its period will be:",
          "options": [
            "A) 8 years",
            "B) 16 years",
            "C) 22.6 years",
            "D) 32 years"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "Kepler's laws apply to:",
          "options": [
            "A) Only planets",
            "B) Only satellites",
            "C) Any gravitational two-body system approximately",
            "D) Only Earth-Sun system"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The angular momentum of a planet remains constant because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Planet speed is constant",
            "B) Gravitational force is central force",
            "C) Mass changes",
            "D) Distance never changes"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "At perihelion, compared to aphelion, a planet has:",
          "options": [
            "A) Lower kinetic energy",
            "B) Higher kinetic energy",
            "C) Same kinetic energy",
            "D) Zero kinetic energy"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite around Earth follows Kepler's third law: where r represents:",
          "options": [
            "A) Radius of Earth",
            "B) Distance from Earth's centre",
            "C) Height above Earth only",
            "D) Satellite mass"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A planet's orbit becomes more elliptical. At the closest point, its speed:",
          "options": [
            "A) Decreases",
            "B) Increases",
            "C) Remains same",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Universal Law of Gravitation",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "According to Newton's law of gravitation, force between two masses is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Directly proportional to distance",
            "B) Inversely proportional to square of distance",
            "C) Directly proportional to square of distance",
            "D) Independent of distance"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational force between two bodies is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Repulsive",
            "B) Attractive",
            "C) Zero always",
            "D) Variable in direction"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the distance between two masses is doubled, gravitational force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Half",
            "C) One-fourth",
            "D) Four times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "Two masses m and 2m are separated by distance r. If both masses are doubled and distance is halved, force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 4F",
            "B) 8F",
            "C) 16F",
            "D) 32F"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational constant G is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Different on different planets",
            "B) Same everywhere in the universe",
            "C) Dependent on mass",
            "D) Dependent on distance"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The dimensional formula of gravitational constant G is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the mass of one object is increased four times, gravitational force:",
          "options": [
            "A) Becomes four times",
            "B) Becomes two times",
            "C) Becomes half",
            "D) Remains same"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational force between two objects does not depend on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Masses",
            "B) Distance",
            "C) Shape and size of objects (for point masses)",
            "D) Gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "Two bodies attract each other with force F. If the distance between them becomes one-third, force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) F/3",
            "B) 3F",
            "C) 9F",
            "D) F/9"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The value of gravitational force between two masses at infinity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Maximum",
            "B) Minimum but finite",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "Newton's law of gravitation is applicable for:",
          "options": [
            "A) Only planets",
            "B) Only Earth",
            "C) Any two masses in the universe",
            "D) Only satellites"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth suddenly loses half its mass while radius remains same, acceleration due to gravity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Double",
            "B) Half",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Same"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational force between Earth and Moon provides:",
          "options": [
            "A) Tangential acceleration",
            "B) Centripetal force for Moon's orbit",
            "C) Energy production",
            "D) Magnetic force"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body inside a hollow spherical shell experiences gravitational force:",
          "options": [
            "A) Maximum at centre",
            "B) Zero everywhere inside",
            "C) Increasing force",
            "D) Infinite force"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If both masses are tripled and distance is doubled, gravitational force becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9F/4",
            "B) 3F/2",
            "C) 6F",
            "D) F/4"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Acceleration Due to Gravity (g)",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "Acceleration due to gravity at Earth's surface is given by:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's mass becomes 4 times and radius becomes 2 times, acceleration due to gravity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Same",
            "B) 2 times",
            "C) 4 times",
            "D) Half"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The value of g is maximum at:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's centre",
            "B) Earth's surface",
            "C) Infinite distance",
            "D) High altitude"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a body is taken from Earth to Moon, its weight decreases because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass decreases",
            "B) Moon has smaller gravitational acceleration",
            "C) Volume decreases",
            "D) Inertia decreases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The acceleration due to gravity is independent of:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of Earth",
            "B) Radius of Earth",
            "C) Mass of falling body",
            "D) Gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's radius decreases by 10% and mass remains constant, g becomes approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) Decreases by 10%",
            "B) Increases by about 23%",
            "C) Increases by 10%",
            "D) Remains same"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body is dropped from a height. Ignoring air resistance, its acceleration:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases continuously",
            "B) Decreases continuously",
            "C) Remains approximately constant near Earth",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The value of g depends on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Latitude of place",
            "B) Mass of object",
            "C) Shape of object",
            "D) Material of object"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "At the poles, acceleration due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Less than equator",
            "B) Greater than equator",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Same everywhere"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's rotation stops, acceleration due to gravity at equator:",
          "options": [
            "A) Decreases",
            "B) Increases",
            "C) Becomes zero",
            "D) Remains unchanged"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body weighs 980 N on Earth. If Earth's mass becomes half and radius remains same, its weight becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1960 N",
            "B) 490 N",
            "C) 245 N",
            "D) 980 N"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The acceleration due to gravity at the centre of Earth is zero because:",
          "options": [
            "A) No gravity exists inside Earth",
            "B) Earth's mass is zero there",
            "C) Gravitational pulls cancel in all directions",
            "D) Radius is infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "Two planets have same density but radius of planet A is twice planet B. Ratio of their surface gravities is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1:2",
            "B) 2:1",
            "C) 4:1",
            "D) 8:1"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a planet has same radius as Earth but density is 3 times Earth, acceleration due to gravity will be:",
          "options": [
            "A) g/3",
            "B) g",
            "C) 3g",
            "D) 9g"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The weight of a body at the Earth's centre is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Maximum",
            "B) Minimum but not zero",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Variation of g with Altitude ",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The acceleration due to gravity at height h above Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite is placed at a height equal to Earth's radius (h = R). The value of g there is:",
          "options": [
            "A) g",
            "B) g/2",
            "C) g/4",
            "D) 2g"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the height above Earth's surface is doubled from h to 2h (h << R), the decrease in g is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) Doubled",
            "B) Halved",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Remains same"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The weight of an astronaut in a satellite decreases because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass becomes zero",
            "B) Gravity becomes zero",
            "C) Both astronaut and satellite are in free fall",
            "D) Earth stops attracting them"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "At a height h = 3R above Earth's surface, the acceleration due to gravity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) g/4",
            "B) g/8",
            "C) g/16",
            "D) g/9"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's radius is increased keeping mass constant, acceleration due to gravity at surface:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains same",
            "D) Becomes infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational acceleration at height h is reduced to half of surface value. The value of h is:",
          "options": [
            "A) R",
            "B) ()R",
            "C) 2R",
            "D) R/2"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The graph of g versus altitude from Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Straight increasing line",
            "B) Straight decreasing line",
            "C) Inverse square curve",
            "D) Circular curve"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the distance of a satellite from Earth's centre becomes 3 times, its gravitational acceleration becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 3g",
            "B) g/3",
            "C) g/6",
            "D) g/9"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body weighs 800 N on Earth's surface. At a height h = R, its weight is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 800 N",
            "B) 400 N",
            "C) 200 N",
            "D) 100 N"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The decrease of g with altitude occurs because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of Earth decreases",
            "B) Distance from Earth's centre increases",
            "C) Gravitational constant decreases",
            "D) Radius of object changes"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "For small altitude h compared to Earth's radius, percentage decrease in g is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Two satellites A and B are at heights R and 3R respectively. The ratio of their accelerations due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1:4",
            "B) 4:1",
            "C) 1:9",
            "D) 9:1"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A person at a very large height from Earth experiences:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increased weight",
            "B) Reduced weight",
            "C) Increased mass",
            "D) Increased gravitational force"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite is moved from a lower orbit to a higher orbit. The gravitational force acting on it:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains same",
            "D) Becomes infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Variation of g with Altitude",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The acceleration due to gravity at height h above Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite is placed at a height equal to Earth's radius (h = R). The value of g there is:",
          "options": [
            "A) g",
            "B) g/2",
            "C) g/4",
            "D) 2g"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the height above Earth's surface is doubled from h to 2h (h << R), the decrease in g is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) Doubled",
            "B) Halved",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Remains same"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The weight of an astronaut in a satellite decreases because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass becomes zero",
            "B) Gravity becomes zero",
            "C) Both astronaut and satellite are in free fall",
            "D) Earth stops attracting them"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "At a height h = 3R above Earth's surface, the acceleration due to gravity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) g/4",
            "B) g/8",
            "C) g/16",
            "D) g/9"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's radius is increased keeping mass constant, acceleration due to gravity at surface:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains same",
            "D) Becomes infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational acceleration at height h is reduced to half of surface value. The value of h is:",
          "options": [
            "A) R",
            "B) ()R",
            "C) 2R",
            "D) R/2"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The graph of g versus altitude from Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Straight increasing line",
            "B) Straight decreasing line",
            "C) Inverse square curve",
            "D) Circular curve"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the distance of a satellite from Earth's centre becomes 3 times, its gravitational acceleration becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 3g",
            "B) g/3",
            "C) g/6",
            "D) g/9"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body weighs 800 N on Earth's surface. At a height h = R, its weight is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 800 N",
            "B) 400 N",
            "C) 200 N",
            "D) 100 N"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The decrease of g with altitude occurs because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of Earth decreases",
            "B) Distance from Earth's centre increases",
            "C) Gravitational constant decreases",
            "D) Radius of object changes"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "For small altitude h compared to Earth's radius, percentage decrease in g is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Two satellites A and B are at heights R and 3R respectively. The ratio of their accelerations due to gravity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1:4",
            "B) 4:1",
            "C) 1:9",
            "D) 9:1"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A person at a very large height from Earth experiences:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increased weight",
            "B) Reduced weight",
            "C) Increased mass",
            "D) Increased gravitational force"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite is moved from a lower orbit to a higher orbit. The gravitational force acting on it:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains same",
            "D) Becomes infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Variation of g with Depth ",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The value of acceleration due to gravity at depth d below Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "At a depth equal to half of Earth's radius, acceleration due to gravity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) g",
            "B) g/2",
            "C) g/4",
            "D) 2g"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The value of g decreases inside Earth because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's radius decreases",
            "B) Effective mass attracting the body decreases",
            "C) Gravitational constant decreases",
            "D) Earth's density becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body taken from Earth's surface to its centre experiences:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increasing weight",
            "B) Decreasing weight",
            "C) Constant weight",
            "D) Infinite weight"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The graph of g versus depth inside Earth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Straight line decreasing",
            "B) Straight line increasing",
            "C) Circular curve",
            "D) Constant line"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a body is taken to depth R/4 inside Earth, its weight becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) W",
            "B) 3W/4",
            "C) W/4",
            "D) 4W"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The value of g becomes zero at the centre because:",
          "options": [
            "A) There is no mass in Earth",
            "B) All gravitational pulls cancel",
            "C) Gravity is absent everywhere",
            "D) Temperature is zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A mine is dug inside Earth. Compared with surface, a person inside the mine has:",
          "options": [
            "A) Greater weight",
            "B) Smaller weight",
            "C) Same weight",
            "D) Zero weight"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's density is assumed uniform, gravitational acceleration inside Earth is proportional to:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B) r",
            "C)",
            "D) r²"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body weighs 500 N on surface. At depth R/5, its weight is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 400 N",
            "B) 300 N",
            "C) 100 N",
            "D) 600 N"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "At the centre of Earth, gravitational potential is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Zero",
            "B) Maximum negative",
            "C) Positive maximum",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the depth inside Earth is increased, gravitational field strength:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases linearly",
            "B) Decreases linearly",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) First increases then decreases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body dropped into a tunnel passing through Earth's centre will:",
          "options": [
            "A) Stop at centre",
            "B) Oscillate about Earth's centre",
            "C) Move away permanently",
            "D) Remain at surface"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The relation is valid for:",
          "options": [
            "A) Outside Earth",
            "B) Uniform density Earth model",
            "C) Satellites only",
            "D) Point masses only"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The weight of a person at Earth's centre is zero because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass becomes zero",
            "B) Gravity cancels in all directions",
            "C) Earth stops rotating",
            "D) Atmosphere disappears"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Variation of g with Depth",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The value of acceleration due to gravity at depth d below Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "At a depth equal to half of Earth's radius, acceleration due to gravity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) g",
            "B) g/2",
            "C) g/4",
            "D) 2g"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The value of g decreases inside Earth because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's radius decreases",
            "B) Effective mass attracting the body decreases",
            "C) Gravitational constant decreases",
            "D) Earth's density becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body taken from Earth's surface to its centre experiences:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increasing weight",
            "B) Decreasing weight",
            "C) Constant weight",
            "D) Infinite weight"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The graph of g versus depth inside Earth is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Straight line decreasing",
            "B) Straight line increasing",
            "C) Circular curve",
            "D) Constant line"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a body is taken to depth R/4 inside Earth, its weight becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) W",
            "B) 3W/4",
            "C) W/4",
            "D) 4W"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The value of g becomes zero at the centre because:",
          "options": [
            "A) There is no mass in Earth",
            "B) All gravitational pulls cancel",
            "C) Gravity is absent everywhere",
            "D) Temperature is zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A mine is dug inside Earth. Compared with surface, a person inside the mine has:",
          "options": [
            "A) Greater weight",
            "B) Smaller weight",
            "C) Same weight",
            "D) Zero weight"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's density is assumed uniform, gravitational acceleration inside Earth is proportional to:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B) r",
            "C)",
            "D) r²"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body weighs 500 N on surface. At depth R/5, its weight is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 400 N",
            "B) 300 N",
            "C) 100 N",
            "D) 600 N"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "At the centre of Earth, gravitational potential is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Zero",
            "B) Maximum negative",
            "C) Positive maximum",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the depth inside Earth is increased, gravitational field strength:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases linearly",
            "B) Decreases linearly",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) First increases then decreases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body dropped into a tunnel passing through Earth's centre will:",
          "options": [
            "A) Stop at centre",
            "B) Oscillate about Earth's centre",
            "C) Move away permanently",
            "D) Remain at surface"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The relation is valid for:",
          "options": [
            "A) Outside Earth",
            "B) Uniform density Earth model",
            "C) Satellites only",
            "D) Point masses only"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The weight of a person at Earth's centre is zero because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass becomes zero",
            "B) Gravity cancels in all directions",
            "C) Earth stops rotating",
            "D) Atmosphere disappears"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Gravitational Potential",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential at a point is defined as:",
          "options": [
            "A) Force per unit mass",
            "B) Work done per unit mass in bringing a test mass from infinity",
            "C) Energy per unit volume",
            "D) Momentum per unit mass"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Gravitational potential due to a point mass M at distance r is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Gravitational potential is a:",
          "options": [
            "A) Vector quantity",
            "B) Scalar quantity",
            "C) Tensor quantity",
            "D) Dimensionless quantity"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The unit of gravitational potential is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Joule",
            "B) Newton",
            "C) Joule/kg",
            "D) Watt"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "At infinity, the gravitational potential is taken as:",
          "options": [
            "A) Maximum positive",
            "B) Zero",
            "C) Minimum negative",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential at Earth's centre compared to surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Greater",
            "B) Smaller",
            "C) Same",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "Two points are at distances R and 2R from Earth's centre. The ratio of potentials is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1:2",
            "B) 2:1",
            "C) 4:1",
            "D) 1:4"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the mass producing gravitational field is doubled, potential at a point becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Half",
            "B) Double",
            "C) Four times",
            "D) Same"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The relation between gravitational potential energy and potential is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The gravitational potential inside a hollow spherical shell is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Zero everywhere",
            "B) Constant everywhere",
            "C) Maximum at surface only",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The work done in moving a mass in a closed path in gravitational field is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Positive",
            "B) Negative",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The dimensional formula of gravitational potential is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body is moved from Earth's surface to infinity. Its gravitational potential:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases to zero",
            "B) Becomes more negative",
            "C) Remains same",
            "D) Becomes infinite negative"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "For multiple masses, gravitational potential at a point is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Vector sum",
            "B) Algebraic sum",
            "C) Product of potentials",
            "D) Always zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite is transferred from a lower orbit to a higher orbit. Its gravitational potential:",
          "options": [
            "A) Decreases",
            "B) Increases (becomes less negative)",
            "C) Remains constant",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Escape Velocity",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "Escape velocity from Earth's surface is given by:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Escape velocity of a planet depends on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of escaping object",
            "B) Mass and radius of planet",
            "C) Shape of object",
            "D) Direction of launch only"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the radius of Earth becomes half while mass remains same, escape velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Half",
            "B) Double",
            "C) √2 times",
            "D) Four times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the mass of a planet becomes 4 times and radius remains same, escape velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 2 times",
            "B) 4 times",
            "C) Half",
            "D) Same"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "Escape velocity from Earth is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 7.9 km/s",
            "B) 11.2 km/s",
            "C) 5.6 km/s",
            "D) 15 km/s"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The ratio of escape velocity to orbital velocity near Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1:1",
            "B) √2:1",
            "C) 2:1",
            "D) 1:√2"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A body projected with escape velocity from Earth will have velocity at infinity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Maximum",
            "B) Zero",
            "C) Same as initial velocity",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Escape velocity from Moon is smaller than Earth because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Moon has no gravity",
            "B) Moon has smaller mass and radius",
            "C) Moon rotates faster",
            "D) Moon has atmosphere"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If gravitational acceleration of a planet becomes 9 times and radius remains same, escape velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 3 times",
            "B) 9 times",
            "C) √3 times",
            "D) Same"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The minimum kinetic energy required to escape from Earth's surface is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "Escape velocity does not depend on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Planet mass",
            "B) Planet radius",
            "C) Mass of projectile",
            "D) Gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A planet has same density as Earth but radius is 2 times. Its escape velocity will be:",
          "options": [
            "A) Same",
            "B) 2 times",
            "C) 4 times",
            "D) √2 times"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a rocket is launched vertically upward with velocity less than escape velocity:",
          "options": [
            "A) It escapes Earth",
            "B) It returns to Earth",
            "C) It remains stationary",
            "D) It moves with constant speed forever"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "Escape velocity is independent of:",
          "options": [
            "A) Planet's mass",
            "B) Planet's radius",
            "C) Gravitational constant",
            "D) Mass of escaping body"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        },
        {
          "question": "The escape velocity from a satellite orbiting at radius r is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Orbital Velocity of a Satellite",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The orbital velocity of a satellite revolving around Earth is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "Orbital velocity depends on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Mass of satellite only",
            "B) Mass of Earth and orbital radius",
            "C) Shape of satellite",
            "D) Material of satellite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite is moved from an orbit of radius R to 4R. Its orbital velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 4 times",
            "B) 2 times",
            "C) Half",
            "D) One-fourth"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The orbital velocity of a satellite near Earth's surface is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 11.2 km/s",
            "B) 7.9 km/s",
            "C) 5.6 km/s",
            "D) 15 km/s"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The centripetal force required for satellite motion is provided by:",
          "options": [
            "A) Friction",
            "B) Magnetic force",
            "C) Gravitational force",
            "D) Atmospheric resistance"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the mass of satellite is doubled, its orbital velocity:",
          "options": [
            "A) Doubles",
            "B) Becomes half",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Becomes four times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite in a higher orbit has:",
          "options": [
            "A) Higher orbital speed",
            "B) Lower orbital speed",
            "C) Same orbital speed",
            "D) Zero speed"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The relation between orbital velocity and escape velocity is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If Earth's mass becomes four times and orbital radius remains same, orbital velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Same",
            "B) Double",
            "C) Half",
            "D) Four times"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite closer to Earth has:",
          "options": [
            "A) Larger time period",
            "B) Smaller time period",
            "C) Same time period",
            "D) Infinite time period"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The orbital velocity of a satellite does not depend on:",
          "options": [
            "A) Earth's mass",
            "B) Distance from Earth's centre",
            "C) Satellite mass",
            "D) Gravitational constant"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a satellite's orbital radius increases, its kinetic energy:",
          "options": [
            "A) Increases",
            "B) Decreases",
            "C) Remains same",
            "D) Becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite moving in circular orbit is continuously accelerating because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Its speed increases continuously",
            "B) Direction of velocity changes",
            "C) Gravity disappears",
            "D) Mass changes"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "For a satellite in a stable circular orbit:",
          "options": [
            "A) Gravitational force > centripetal force",
            "B) Gravitational force = centripetal force",
            "C) No force acts",
            "D) Centripetal force is zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a satellite orbit radius becomes 9 times, its orbital velocity becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) 9 times",
            "B) 3 times",
            "C) 1/3 times",
            "D) 1/9 times"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Energy of a Satellite",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "The total energy of a satellite in a circular orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Positive",
            "B) Negative",
            "C) Zero",
            "D) Infinite"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The kinetic energy of a satellite in circular orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D)"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The potential energy of a satellite in orbit is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The total mechanical energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A)",
            "B)",
            "C)",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The ratio of kinetic energy to potential energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1:1",
            "B) 1:-2",
            "C) 2:-1",
            "D) -2:1"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a satellite is shifted to a higher orbit, its total energy:",
          "options": [
            "A) Becomes more negative",
            "B) Increases (less negative)",
            "C) Becomes zero",
            "D) Decreases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The energy required to remove a satellite from its orbit to infinity is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Kinetic energy",
            "B) Magnitude of total energy",
            "C) Potential energy only",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite moving from lower orbit to higher orbit requires energy because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Kinetic energy increases",
            "B) Total energy increases",
            "C) Mass increases",
            "D) Gravity disappears"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the orbital radius of a satellite becomes four times, its kinetic energy becomes:",
          "options": [
            "A) Four times",
            "B) Half",
            "C) One-fourth",
            "D) Same"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite loses energy due to atmospheric drag. Its orbit:",
          "options": [
            "A) Expands",
            "B) Shrinks",
            "C) Remains unchanged",
            "D) Becomes circular immediately"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The binding energy of a satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Its kinetic energy",
            "B) Energy required to free it from gravitational field",
            "C) Its potential energy",
            "D) Total energy always positive"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If the mass of a satellite is doubled, its total energy:",
          "options": [
            "A) Doubles",
            "B) Becomes half",
            "C) Remains same",
            "D) Becomes four times"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "When a satellite moves closer to Earth:",
          "options": [
            "A) Kinetic energy decreases",
            "B) Kinetic energy increases",
            "C) Potential energy increases",
            "D) Total energy increases"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "For a satellite in a circular orbit:",
          "options": [
            "A) KE = PE",
            "B) KE = -PE/2",
            "C) PE = -KE/2",
            "D) Total energy = KE + 2PE"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite at a larger orbital radius has:",
          "options": [
            "A) Higher kinetic energy",
            "B) Lower kinetic energy",
            "C) More negative total energy",
            "D) Zero energy"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "Geostationary Satellites",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "A satellite is called geostationary when it:",
          "options": [
            "A) Remains fixed relative to Earth's surface",
            "B) Has zero velocity",
            "C) Does not experience gravity",
            "D) Moves randomly around Earth"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The time period of a geostationary satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 6 hours",
            "B) 12 hours",
            "C) 24 hours",
            "D) 48 hours"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The orbit of a geostationary satellite must be:",
          "options": [
            "A) Polar",
            "B) Equatorial",
            "C) Inclined at 45°",
            "D) Any orbit"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The height of a geostationary satellite above Earth's surface is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1000 km",
            "B) 10,000 km",
            "C) 36,000 km",
            "D) 1,00,000 km"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A geostationary satellite rotates around Earth in the direction:",
          "options": [
            "A) Opposite to Earth's rotation",
            "B) Same direction as Earth's rotation",
            "C) North to south",
            "D) No rotation"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The angular velocity of a geostationary satellite is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Greater than Earth",
            "B) Less than Earth",
            "C) Equal to Earth",
            "D) Zero"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A satellite can be geostationary only if its orbital plane is:",
          "options": [
            "A) Polar plane",
            "B) Equatorial plane",
            "C) Any inclined plane",
            "D) Vertical plane"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "A geostationary satellite cannot be placed above:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equator",
            "B) Tropics",
            "C) Poles",
            "D) Oceans"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "The main reason geostationary satellites are used for communication is:",
          "options": [
            "A) They remain fixed over one region",
            "B) They have no gravitational force",
            "C) They require no power",
            "D) They move very fast"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "The orbital radius of a geostationary satellite is approximately:",
          "options": [
            "A) Equal to Earth's radius",
            "B) 2 times Earth's radius",
            "C) 6.6 times Earth's radius",
            "D) 10 times Earth's radius"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a satellite has orbital period 48 hours, it cannot be geostationary because:",
          "options": [
            "A) Its speed is too high",
            "B) Its angular velocity differs from Earth",
            "C) It has no gravity",
            "D) It stops rotating"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "The minimum number of geostationary satellites required for almost complete Earth communication coverage is:",
          "options": [
            "A) 1",
            "B) 2",
            "C) 3",
            "D) 10"
          ],
          "answer": "C"
        },
        {
          "question": "A geostationary satellite appears stationary because:",
          "options": [
            "A) It is outside Earth's gravity",
            "B) Its orbital period equals Earth's rotation period",
            "C) It has no velocity",
            "D) It has infinite mass"
          ],
          "answer": "B"
        },
        {
          "question": "If a satellite moves in an orbit closer to Earth than geostationary orbit:",
          "options": [
            "A) Its period becomes less than 24 hours",
            "B) It remains fixed over one point",
            "C) It stops moving",
            "D) Its velocity becomes zero"
          ],
          "answer": "A"
        },
        {
          "question": "Which condition is NOT required for a geostationary satellite?",
          "options": [
            "A) Circular orbit",
            "B) Equatorial orbit",
            "C) Period of 24 hours",
            "D) Polar orbit"
          ],
          "answer": "D"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
}
}