diff --git a/common/construct.go b/common/construct.go
index e83e127d58..a8cc2bc122 100644
--- a/common/construct.go
+++ b/common/construct.go
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ var ErrNumWriteResultExceedsTotalRecords = errors.New(
 //     and
 //     len(Results) ≤ totalNumRecords.
 //
-//   - fatalErrors represent top-level (batch-level) errors that may coexist
-//     with item-level successes. For example, partial API failures or warnings
-//     that affected only some records.
+//   - unmatchedErrors represent provider responses that could not be associated
+//     with specific payload items — for example, schema validation issues or
+//     general API errors returned alongside per-record results.
 //
 // Constructors may return an error to signal invalid or inconsistent usage
 // rather than to represent runtime provider failures.
 func NewBatchWriteResult(
-	results []WriteResult, successCounter, totalNumRecords int, fatalErrors []any,
+	results []WriteResult, successCounter, totalNumRecords int, unmatchedErrors []any,
 ) (*BatchWriteResult, error) {
 	if len(results) > totalNumRecords {
 		return nil, errors.Join(ErrInvalidImplementation, ErrNumWriteResultExceedsTotalRecords)
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func NewBatchWriteResult(
 
 	return &BatchWriteResult{
 		Status:       newBatchStatus(successCounter, failureCounter, totalNumRecords),
-		Errors:       fatalErrors,
+		Errors:       unmatchedErrors,
 		Results:      results,
 		SuccessCount: successCounter,
 		FailureCount: failureCounter,
@@ -67,10 +67,9 @@ func NewBatchWriteResult(
 // BatchStatus as failure. The constructor still validates that the number of
 // WriteResult entries does not exceed totalNumRecords.
 //
-// fatalErrors may include provider-level or transport-level issues explaining
-// the batch failure.
+// unmatchedErrors may include provider-level issues explaining the failure that cannot be tied to specific records.
 func NewBatchWriteResultFailed(
-	results []WriteResult, totalNumRecords int, fatalErrors []any,
+	results []WriteResult, totalNumRecords int, unmatchedErrors []any,
 ) (*BatchWriteResult, error) {
 	if len(results) > totalNumRecords {
 		return nil, errors.Join(ErrInvalidImplementation, ErrNumWriteResultExceedsTotalRecords)
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ func NewBatchWriteResultFailed(
 
 	return &BatchWriteResult{
 		Status:       newBatchStatus(0, totalNumRecords, totalNumRecords),
-		Errors:       fatalErrors,
+		Errors:       unmatchedErrors,
 		Results:      results,
 		SuccessCount: 0,
 		FailureCount: totalNumRecords,
@@ -146,14 +145,14 @@ var ErrBatchUnprocessedRecord = errors.New("record was not processed due to othe
 // payloadItems		- list of items that are part of payload to create/update each record.
 // responseMatcher	- list of items that are part of payload to create/update each record.
 // responseToResult	- a transformer that converts a matched item pair (payload P, response R) into a WriteResult.
-// fatalErrors		– top-level errors not tied to individual records,
+// unmatchedErrors	– top-level errors not tied to individual records,
 //
 //	such as validation failures detected before response matching.
 func ParseBatchWrite[P, R any](
 	payloadItems []P,
 	responseMatcher BatchWriteResponseMatcher[P, R],
 	responseToResult BatchWriteResponseTransformer[P, R],
-	fatalErrors []any,
+	unmatchedErrors []any,
 ) (*BatchWriteResult, error) {
 	var (
 		totalNumRecords = len(payloadItems)
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ func ParseBatchWrite[P, R any](
 
 		result, err := responseToResult(record, response)
 		if err != nil {
-			fatalErrors = append(fatalErrors, err)
+			unmatchedErrors = append(unmatchedErrors, err)
 
 			// Record cannot be added into the list of results ([]WriteResult).
 			continue
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ func ParseBatchWrite[P, R any](
 		}
 	}
 
-	return NewBatchWriteResult(results, successCounter, totalNumRecords, fatalErrors)
+	return NewBatchWriteResult(results, successCounter, totalNumRecords, unmatchedErrors)
 }
 
 func countSuccesses(results []WriteResult) int {
diff --git a/common/types.go b/common/types.go
index 14c8cc5dc2..8677ed35b1 100644
--- a/common/types.go
+++ b/common/types.go
@@ -341,20 +341,20 @@ func (p BatchWriteParam) GetRecords() ([]Record, error) {
 	})
 }
 
-// BatchWriteResult aggregates the outcome of a synchronous batch write operation.
-// It provides both a high-level summary of the batch outcome and detailed results
-// for records that could be matched back to specific payload items.
+// BatchWriteResult represents the outcome of a provider batch write operation.
 //
-// The HubSpot connector (and potentially others) may return more errors than the number
-// of submitted payload items, or omit per-record identifiers altogether. In such cases,
-// unidentifiable errors are included in the top-level Errors slice.
+// It contains both a high-level summary of the batch and detailed per-record results.
 //
-// Each identifiable record — that is, one that could be matched by reference ID or
-// record ID — contributes a WriteResult entry in Results. If a record failed for
-// multiple identifiable reasons, they are grouped under that record’s WriteResult.Errors.
+// Providers may return more errors than there are payload items, or omit identifiers
+// that would allow matching errors to specific records. In such cases, unmatched or
+// batch-level issues are collected in the top-level Errors slice.
+//
+// Each identifiable record—matched by reference ID or record ID—produces a WriteResult
+// entry in Results. If multiple identifiable errors occurred for the same record, they
+// are grouped under WriteResult.Errors.
 //
 // Top-level Errors represent issues that apply to the batch as a whole or to records
-// that could not be reliably matched back to specific payload items.
+// that could not be reliably matched to payload items.
 type BatchWriteResult struct {
 	// Status summarizes the batch outcome (success, failure, or partial).
 	Status BatchStatus
diff --git a/test/utils/mockutils/batchWriteResult.go b/test/utils/mockutils/batchWriteResult.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d6491345a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/utils/mockutils/batchWriteResult.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package mockutils
+
+import (
+	"github.com/amp-labs/connectors/common"
+)
+
+// BatchWriteResultComparator provides utility methods for comparing BatchWriteResult structures in tests.
+//
+// Unlike reflect.DeepEqual, these comparators support flexible (subset-based)
+// data matching, allowing assertions on only relevant fields.
+var BatchWriteResultComparator = batchWriteResultComparator{}
+
+type batchWriteResultComparator struct{}
+
+// SubsetWriteResults compares two BatchWriteResult objects and returns true
+// if each WriteResult in `expected` matches its corresponding entry in `actual`.
+//
+// A match is defined as follows:
+//   - Subset equality for the Data field of each WriteResult (only expected keys/values are checked).
+//   - Normalized equality for Errors, supporting struct/JSON, string, or golang error comparison.
+//   - Exact equality for the Success and RecordId fields.
+func (batchWriteResultComparator) SubsetWriteResults(actual, expected *common.BatchWriteResult) bool {
+	if len(actual.Results) != len(expected.Results) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Compare each result using existing comparator
+	for i := range len(actual.Results) {
+		actualResult := &actual.Results[i]
+		expectedResult := &expected.Results[i]
+
+		a := WriteResultComparator.SubsetData(actualResult, expectedResult)
+		b := ErrorNormalizedComparator.EachErrorEquals(actualResult.Errors, expectedResult.Errors)
+		c := actualResult.Success == expectedResult.Success &&
+			actualResult.RecordId == expectedResult.RecordId
+
+		if !(a && b && c) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/test/utils/mockutils/errors.go b/test/utils/mockutils/errors.go
index 5adb72a037..a621e1e5ff 100644
--- a/test/utils/mockutils/errors.go
+++ b/test/utils/mockutils/errors.go
@@ -26,5 +26,18 @@ func errorsAre(actualError error, expectedErrors ExpectedSubsetErrors) bool {
 }
 
 func (e ExpectedSubsetErrors) Error() string {
-	return errors.Join(e...).Error()
+	joined := errors.Join(e...)
+	if joined == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return joined.Error()
 }
+
+// JSONErrorWrapper marks a string literal as a JSON structure to be compared semantically.
+//
+// When used in test expectations, this signals the comparator to treat the wrapped
+// value as JSON — it will parse both sides and compare their data structures instead
+// of comparing raw strings. This allows tests to assert equality between Go structs
+// and their expected JSON representation in error results.
+type JSONErrorWrapper string
diff --git a/test/utils/mockutils/normalizedErrors.go b/test/utils/mockutils/normalizedErrors.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..701ce0cd98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/utils/mockutils/normalizedErrors.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package mockutils
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ErrorNormalizedComparator provides helper methods to compare error values
+// of arbitrary types (errors, structs, strings, or JSON).
+//
+// It performs flexible equality checks that normalize differences in format,
+// allowing robust test assertions across heterogeneous error types.
+var ErrorNormalizedComparator = errorNormalizedComparator{}
+
+type errorNormalizedComparator struct{}
+
+// ErrorEquals compares two arbitrary error representations for semantic equality.
+//
+// Comparison is performed in the following order:
+//  1. Direct equality via reflect.DeepEqual.
+//  2. If both values implement error, compare using errors.Is or substring match.
+//  3. If the expected value is a JSONErrorWrapper, compare by marshaling the
+//     actual value to JSON and checking structural equality.
+//  4. Fallback: string comparison via fmt.Sprintf("%v").
+//
+// It returns true if the two values are considered equivalent under these rules.
+func (errorNormalizedComparator) ErrorEquals(actualErr, expectedErr any) bool {
+	// 1. Direct equality first.
+	if reflect.DeepEqual(actualErr, expectedErr) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// 2. If both implement error, compare semantically.
+	aErr, aOK := actualErr.(error)
+	eErr, eOL := expectedErr.(error)
+	if aOK && eOL {
+		if errors.Is(aErr, eErr) || strings.Contains(aErr.Error(), eErr.Error()) {
+			return true
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// 3. Handle JSON case if expected is a JSON string.
+	if expectedJSON, ok := expectedErr.(JSONErrorWrapper); ok {
+		aJSON, err := json.Marshal(actualErr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		if jsonBodyMatch(aJSON, string(expectedJSON)) {
+			return true
+		}
+
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// 4. Fallback string-based comparison.
+	aStr := fmt.Sprintf("%v", actualErr)
+	eStr := fmt.Sprintf("%v", expectedErr)
+	if aStr == eStr {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// EachErrorEquals compares two slices of heterogeneous error values.
+// It returns true if each corresponding pair of elements is considered equal
+// according to ErrorEquals.
+//
+// Order and slice length must match exactly.
+func (c errorNormalizedComparator) EachErrorEquals(actual, expected []any) bool {
+	if len(actual) != len(expected) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for i := range len(actual) {
+		if !c.ErrorEquals(actual[i], expected[i]) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+func jsonBodyMatch(actual []byte, expected string) bool {
+	first := make(map[string]any)
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(actual, &first); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	second := make(map[string]any)
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(expected), &second); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return reflect.DeepEqual(first, second)
+}
diff --git a/test/utils/mockutils/writeResult.go b/test/utils/mockutils/writeResult.go
index c3fbbf584d..43ffed858d 100644
--- a/test/utils/mockutils/writeResult.go
+++ b/test/utils/mockutils/writeResult.go
@@ -30,8 +30,3 @@ func (writeResultComparator) SubsetData(actual, expected *common.WriteResult) bo
 
 	return true
 }
-
-// ExactErrors uses strict error comparison.
-func (writeResultComparator) ExactErrors(actual, expected *common.WriteResult) bool {
-	return reflect.DeepEqual(actual.Errors, expected.Errors)
-}
diff --git a/test/utils/testroutines/batch-write.go b/test/utils/testroutines/batch-write.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2599faeb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/utils/testroutines/batch-write.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package testroutines
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/amp-labs/connectors"
+	"github.com/amp-labs/connectors/common"
+)
+
+type (
+	BatchWriteType = TestCase[*common.BatchWriteParam, *common.BatchWriteResult]
+	// BatchWrite is a test suite useful for testing connectors.BatchWriteConnector interface.
+	BatchWrite BatchWriteType
+)
+
+// Run provides a procedure to test connectors.BatchWriteConnector
+func (m BatchWrite) Run(t *testing.T, builder ConnectorBuilder[connectors.BatchWriteConnector]) {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		BatchWriteType(m).Close()
+	})
+
+	conn := builder.Build(t, m.Name)
+	output, err := conn.BatchWrite(context.Background(), m.Input)
+	BatchWriteType(m).Validate(t, err, output)
+}
diff --git a/test/utils/testroutines/comparator.go b/test/utils/testroutines/comparator.go
index 7498247d82..696f1d5ee8 100644
--- a/test/utils/testroutines/comparator.go
+++ b/test/utils/testroutines/comparator.go
@@ -78,15 +78,44 @@ func compareNextPageToken(actual, expected string) bool {
 	return actualURL.Equals(expectedURL)
 }
 
-// ComparatorSubsetWrite ensures that only the specified metadata objects are present,
-// while other values are verified through an exact match..
+// ComparatorSubsetWrite compares two WriteResult objects, allowing partial
+// (subset) matching for Data fields while requiring exact matches for Success and RecordId.
+//
+// It provides flexible error comparison logic:
+//   - Errors are normalized before comparison, allowing strings, Go error types,
+//     and mockutils.JSONErrorWrapper values (for JSON-based or struct comparison)
+//     to be treated uniformly.
+//
+// This comparator is typically used when only a subset of Data fields
+// needs verification rather than a full equality check.
 func ComparatorSubsetWrite(_ string, actual, expected *common.WriteResult) bool {
 	return mockutils.WriteResultComparator.SubsetData(actual, expected) &&
-		mockutils.WriteResultComparator.ExactErrors(actual, expected) &&
+		mockutils.ErrorNormalizedComparator.EachErrorEquals(actual.Errors, expected.Errors) &&
 		actual.Success == expected.Success &&
 		actual.RecordId == expected.RecordId
 }
 
+// ComparatorSubsetBatchWrite compares two BatchWriteResult objects,
+// performing subset matching for individual WriteResult entries while
+// ensuring batch-level metrics (Status, SuccessCount, FailureCount) match exactly.
+//
+// Error comparison is normalized, allowing flexible matches between
+// strings, Go errors, and mockutils.JSONErrorWrapper values—useful when
+// top-level or per-record errors are represented as structs or JSON.
+//
+// This enables expressive, stable tests that verify meaningful fields
+// without enforcing strict structural equality across the entire batch.
+func ComparatorSubsetBatchWrite(_ string, actual, expected *common.BatchWriteResult) bool {
+	if actual.Status != expected.Status ||
+		actual.SuccessCount != expected.SuccessCount ||
+		actual.FailureCount != expected.FailureCount {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return mockutils.BatchWriteResultComparator.SubsetWriteResults(actual, expected) &&
+		mockutils.ErrorNormalizedComparator.EachErrorEquals(actual.Errors, expected.Errors)
+}
+
 // ComparatorSubsetMetadata will check a subset of fields is present.
 // Errors could be an exact match for each object or subset can be used as well.
 // This must be done by specifying expected errors using mockutils.ExpectedSubsetErrors.