Crack 64-bit key using 4GHz: 64K years
Crack 64-bit key using 1024 quad-core 4GHz: 16 years
Online Password Attack: 29 bits of entropy
Offline Password Attack: 128 bits of entropy
False Match Rate = Successful false matches / Attempted false matches
False Non-Match Rate = Rejected genuine matches / Attempted genuine matches
Lower threshold = More relaxed = Higher FMR and Lower FNMR
M messages to T tags
>50% chance of same tag: if M > 1.17sqrt(T)
P(collision) = 1 - e^(-(M^2)/2T)
Let there be k elements of n bits, we select m random n bit strings
P(one of m in k) = 1 - 2.7^(-km2^(-n))
km = 2^n for P = 0.63, as 1 - 2.7^(-1) = 0.63
Recommended length of digest double that of length of symmetric key
Bell-LaPadula: Confidentiality: Read less secure, write more secure
Biba: Integrity: Read more secure, write less secure
Call Stack: Parameters below Return Address below Previous Frame Pointer below Local Variables