diff --git a/lucene/CHANGES.txt b/lucene/CHANGES.txt
index c2b37a94f895..39d7403a11c4 100644
--- a/lucene/CHANGES.txt
+++ b/lucene/CHANGES.txt
@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ Bug Fixes
 
 * GITHUB#14123: SortingCodecReader NPE when segment has no (points, vectors, etc...) (Mike Sokolov)
 
+* GITHUB#14126: Avoid overflow in index input slices invariant checks
+  (Chris Hegarty)
+
 Other
 ---------------------
 
diff --git a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/BufferedIndexInput.java b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/BufferedIndexInput.java
index 1738259fa2fb..cd47500a2df7 100644
--- a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/BufferedIndexInput.java
+++ b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/BufferedIndexInput.java
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ private static final class SlicedIndexInput extends BufferedIndexInput {
               ? base.toString()
               : (base.toString() + " [slice=" + sliceDescription + "]"),
           BufferedIndexInput.BUFFER_SIZE);
-      if (offset < 0 || length < 0 || offset + length > base.length()) {
+      if ((length | offset) < 0 || length > base.length() - offset) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException(
             "slice() " + sliceDescription + " out of bounds: " + base);
       }
diff --git a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/ByteBuffersDataInput.java b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/ByteBuffersDataInput.java
index 39e920616209..dee5c8e3a738 100644
--- a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/ByteBuffersDataInput.java
+++ b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/ByteBuffersDataInput.java
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ public void skipBytes(long numBytes) throws IOException {
   }
 
   public ByteBuffersDataInput slice(long offset, long length) {
-    if (offset < 0 || length < 0 || offset + length > this.length) {
+    if ((length | offset) < 0 || length > this.length - offset) {
       throw new IllegalArgumentException(
           String.format(
               Locale.ROOT,
diff --git a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/NIOFSDirectory.java b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/NIOFSDirectory.java
index c9c92db91b40..b05652789cfa 100644
--- a/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/NIOFSDirectory.java
+++ b/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/NIOFSDirectory.java
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ public NIOFSIndexInput clone() {
 
     @Override
     public IndexInput slice(String sliceDescription, long offset, long length) throws IOException {
-      if (offset < 0 || length < 0 || offset + length > this.length()) {
+      if ((length | offset) < 0 || length > this.length() - offset) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException(
             "slice() "
                 + sliceDescription
diff --git a/lucene/core/src/java21/org/apache/lucene/store/MemorySegmentIndexInput.java b/lucene/core/src/java21/org/apache/lucene/store/MemorySegmentIndexInput.java
index 74594be5ec99..800a66a2167e 100644
--- a/lucene/core/src/java21/org/apache/lucene/store/MemorySegmentIndexInput.java
+++ b/lucene/core/src/java21/org/apache/lucene/store/MemorySegmentIndexInput.java
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ public final MemorySegmentIndexInput clone() {
    */
   @Override
   public final MemorySegmentIndexInput slice(String sliceDescription, long offset, long length) {
-    if (offset < 0 || length < 0 || offset + length > this.length) {
+    if ((length | offset) < 0 || length > this.length - offset) {
       throw new IllegalArgumentException(
           "slice() "
               + sliceDescription
diff --git a/lucene/misc/src/java/org/apache/lucene/misc/store/RAFDirectory.java b/lucene/misc/src/java/org/apache/lucene/misc/store/RAFDirectory.java
index 420d6d40d6de..cd90db9abbe7 100644
--- a/lucene/misc/src/java/org/apache/lucene/misc/store/RAFDirectory.java
+++ b/lucene/misc/src/java/org/apache/lucene/misc/store/RAFDirectory.java
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public RAFIndexInput clone() {
 
     @Override
     public IndexInput slice(String sliceDescription, long offset, long length) throws IOException {
-      if (offset < 0 || length < 0 || offset + length > this.length()) {
+      if ((length | offset) < 0 || length > this.length() - offset) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException(
             "slice() " + sliceDescription + " out of bounds: " + this);
       }
diff --git a/lucene/test-framework/src/java/org/apache/lucene/tests/store/BaseDirectoryTestCase.java b/lucene/test-framework/src/java/org/apache/lucene/tests/store/BaseDirectoryTestCase.java
index 6defa5eb8c7a..88223a4abebe 100644
--- a/lucene/test-framework/src/java/org/apache/lucene/tests/store/BaseDirectoryTestCase.java
+++ b/lucene/test-framework/src/java/org/apache/lucene/tests/store/BaseDirectoryTestCase.java
@@ -771,6 +771,12 @@ public void testSliceOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
             slice.slice("slice3sub", 1, len / 2);
           });
 
+      expectThrows(
+          IllegalArgumentException.class,
+          () -> {
+            i.slice("slice4", Long.MAX_VALUE - 1, 10);
+          });
+
       i.close();
     }
   }
diff --git a/lucene/test-framework/src/java/org/apache/lucene/tests/store/SerialIOCountingDirectory.java b/lucene/test-framework/src/java/org/apache/lucene/tests/store/SerialIOCountingDirectory.java
index 1b4234c3d79f..4d3c233257c8 100644
--- a/lucene/test-framework/src/java/org/apache/lucene/tests/store/SerialIOCountingDirectory.java
+++ b/lucene/test-framework/src/java/org/apache/lucene/tests/store/SerialIOCountingDirectory.java
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ public IndexInput slice(String sliceDescription, long offset, long length) throw
     public IndexInput slice(
         String sliceDescription, long offset, long length, ReadAdvice readAdvice)
         throws IOException {
-      if (offset < 0 || offset + length > sliceLength) {
+      if ((length | offset) < 0 || length > sliceLength - offset) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException();
       }
       IndexInput clone = in.clone();