diff --git a/cqf-fhir-cql/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/cql/engine/retrieve/BaseRetrieveProvider.java b/cqf-fhir-cql/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/cql/engine/retrieve/BaseRetrieveProvider.java
index cab74975b..beff8d92d 100644
--- a/cqf-fhir-cql/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/cql/engine/retrieve/BaseRetrieveProvider.java
+++ b/cqf-fhir-cql/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/cql/engine/retrieve/BaseRetrieveProvider.java
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 import ca.uhn.fhir.model.api.IQueryParameterType;
 import ca.uhn.fhir.model.primitive.IdDt;
 import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.RestSearchParameterTypeEnum;
-import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.param.CompositeParam;
 import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.param.DateParam;
 import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.param.InternalCodingDt;
 import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.param.ParamPrefixEnum;
@@ -442,11 +441,13 @@ public void populateDateSearchParams(
                 throw new InternalErrorException("resolved search parameter definition is null");
             }
 
-            // a date range is a search && condition - so we'll use a composite
+            // a date range is a search AND condition — each put() on the Multimap
+            // adds a separate AND clause (one for >= start, one for <= end)
             DateParam gte = new DateParam(ParamPrefixEnum.GREATERTHAN_OR_EQUALS, start);
             DateParam lte = new DateParam(ParamPrefixEnum.LESSTHAN_OR_EQUALS, end);
 
-            searchParams.put(sp.getName(), List.of(new CompositeParam<>(gte, lte)));
+            searchParams.put(sp.getName(), makeMutableSingleElementList(gte));
+            searchParams.put(sp.getName(), makeMutableSingleElementList(lte));
         } else if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(dateLowPath)) {
             List<IQueryParameterType> dateRangeParam = new ArrayList<>();
             DateParam dateParam = new DateParam(ParamPrefixEnum.GREATERTHAN_OR_EQUALS, start);
diff --git a/cqf-fhir-utility/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/utility/matcher/ResourceMatcher.java b/cqf-fhir-utility/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/utility/matcher/ResourceMatcher.java
index fa9e7fd5c..e4303fa46 100644
--- a/cqf-fhir-utility/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/utility/matcher/ResourceMatcher.java
+++ b/cqf-fhir-utility/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/utility/matcher/ResourceMatcher.java
@@ -262,6 +262,47 @@ default boolean isMatchDate(DateParam param, IBase pathResult) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Expected date, found " + pathResult.getClass().getSimpleName());
             }
+        } else if (pathResult instanceof ICompositeType type) {
+            // For Period/Timing paths, a single DateParam represents one side of an overlap check.
+            // This allows repositories that AND repeated date params to evaluate each bound safely.
+            dateRange = getDateRange(type);
+            DateParam lowerBound = dateRange.getLowerBound();
+            DateParam upperBound = dateRange.getUpperBound();
+
+            Date resourceStart = lowerBound == null ? null : lowerBound.getValue();
+            Date resourceEnd = upperBound == null ? null : upperBound.getValue();
+
+            if (param.getValue() == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            switch (param.getPrefix()) {
+                case GREATERTHAN:
+                case GREATERTHAN_OR_EQUALS:
+                    return resourceEnd != null && isDateMatch(param, resourceEnd);
+                case LESSTHAN:
+                case LESSTHAN_OR_EQUALS:
+                    return resourceStart != null && isDateMatch(param, resourceStart);
+                case EQUAL:
+                    if (resourceStart == null || resourceEnd == null) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    Date compareDate = param.getValue();
+                    return !compareDate.before(resourceStart) && !compareDate.after(resourceEnd);
+                case NOT_EQUAL:
+                    if (resourceStart == null || resourceEnd == null) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    Date notEqualCompare = param.getValue();
+                    return notEqualCompare.before(resourceStart) || notEqualCompare.after(resourceEnd);
+                default:
+                    String msg = String.format(
+                            "Unsupported DateTime comparison operation %s",
+                            param.getPrefix().getValue());
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException(msg);
+            }
         } else {
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                     "Expected element of type date, dateTime, instant, Timing or Period, found "
diff --git a/cqf-fhir-utility/src/test/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/utility/matcher/ResourceMatcherTest.java b/cqf-fhir-utility/src/test/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/utility/matcher/ResourceMatcherTest.java
index 9bbf86ec5..f2779ec09 100644
--- a/cqf-fhir-utility/src/test/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/utility/matcher/ResourceMatcherTest.java
+++ b/cqf-fhir-utility/src/test/java/org/opencds/cqf/fhir/utility/matcher/ResourceMatcherTest.java
@@ -59,6 +59,38 @@ void before() {
         resourceMatcher = new ResourceMatcherR4();
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void matches_locationPeriodWithSingleDateParam_doesNotThrowAndRespectsBounds() {
+        var encounter = new Encounter();
+        encounter
+                .addLocation()
+                .setPeriod(new Period()
+                        .setStart(createDate("2000-01-01 00:00:00"))
+                        .setEnd(createDate("2000-12-31 23:59:59")));
+
+        assertTrue(resourceMatcher.matches(
+                "location-period",
+                List.of(new DateParam(ParamPrefixEnum.GREATERTHAN_OR_EQUALS, createDate("2000-01-01"))),
+                encounter));
+        assertTrue(resourceMatcher.matches(
+                "location-period",
+                List.of(new DateParam(ParamPrefixEnum.LESSTHAN_OR_EQUALS, createDate("2000-12-31"))),
+                encounter));
+
+        assertEquals(
+            false,
+            resourceMatcher.matches(
+                "location-period",
+                List.of(new DateParam(ParamPrefixEnum.GREATERTHAN_OR_EQUALS, createDate("2001-01-01"))),
+                encounter));
+        assertEquals(
+            false,
+            resourceMatcher.matches(
+                "location-period",
+                List.of(new DateParam(ParamPrefixEnum.LESSTHAN_OR_EQUALS, createDate("1999-12-31"))),
+                encounter));
+    }
+
     // NB: the list of parameters are always OR'd
     // internal compositeparams are always AND'd
     static List<Arguments> coverageParameters() {