diff --git a/src/roiextract/analytic.py b/src/roiextract/analytic.py
index 13f87e2..3f11aa1 100644
--- a/src/roiextract/analytic.py
+++ b/src/roiextract/analytic.py
@@ -4,6 +4,28 @@
 from scipy.linalg import eig
 
 
+def _ged_matrices_ratio(leadfield, mask, source_cov=None):
+    L_in = leadfield[:, mask]
+
+    A = L_in @ L_in.T
+    B = leadfield @ leadfield.T
+
+    return A, B
+
+
+def _ctf_optimize_ratio(leadfield, mask, reg, source_cov=None):
+    # Get the GED matrices and apply regularization
+    A, B = _ged_matrices_ratio(leadfield, mask, source_cov=None)
+    A_reg = A + reg * np.trace(A) * np.eye(*A.shape) / A.shape[0]
+    B_reg = B + reg * np.trace(B) * np.eye(*B.shape) / B.shape[0]
+
+    # Get the eigenvector that corresponds to the smallest eigenvalue
+    [eigvals, eigvecs] = eig(A_reg, B_reg)
+    w = eigvecs[:, eigvals.argmax()]
+
+    return w
+
+
 def ctf_optimize_ratio_similarity(
     leadfield, template, mask, lambda_, regA=0.001, regB=0.001
 ):
diff --git a/src/roiextract/optimize.py b/src/roiextract/optimize.py
index 55958fa..b77d8bc 100644
--- a/src/roiextract/optimize.py
+++ b/src/roiextract/optimize.py
@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 
 from functools import partial
 
-from .analytic import ctf_optimize_ratio_similarity
+from .analytic import (
+    _ctf_optimize_ratio,
+    ctf_optimize_ratio_similarity
+)
 from .filter import SpatialFilter
 from .numerical import ctf_optimize_ratio_homogeneity
 from .quantify import ctf_quantify
@@ -210,3 +213,18 @@ def ctf_optimize_label(
         ch_names=ch_names,
         name=name,
     )
+
+
+def ctf_optimize_ratio(fwd, label, reg=0.001):
+    leadfield = prepare_leadfield(fwd)
+    mask = prepare_label_mask(label, fwd)
+
+    w = _ctf_optimize_ratio(leadfield, mask, reg)
+    return SpatialFilter(
+        w=w,
+        method="ctf_optimize_ratio",
+        method_params=dict(reg=reg),
+        ch_names=fwd.ch_names,
+        name=label.name,
+    )
+
diff --git a/src/roiextract/prepare.py b/src/roiextract/prepare.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78a2b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/roiextract/prepare.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import mne
+import numpy as np
+
+from mne.label import label_sign_flip
+
+from ctfopt.roiextract.filter import SpatialFilter
+from ctfopt.roiextract.utils import get_label_mask, _check_input
+
+
+def prepare_filter(sf):
+    if not isinstance(sf, SpatialFilter):
+        return sf
+
+    return sf.w
+
+
+def prepare_leadfield(fwd):
+    if not isinstance(fwd, mne.Forward):
+        return fwd
+
+    # NOTE: fixed orientations only
+    return fwd["sol"]["data"]
+
+
+def prepare_label_mask(label, fwd=None):
+    if not isinstance(label, mne.Label | mne.BiHemiLabel):
+        return label
+
+    assert fwd is not None and isinstance(fwd, mne.Forward)
+    return get_label_mask(label, fwd["src"])
+
+
+def prepare_template(template, label=None, fwd=None):
+    if isinstance(template, str):
+        _check_input("template", template, ["mean_flip", "mean"])
+        assert fwd is not None and isinstance(fwd, mne.Forward)
+        assert label is not None and isinstance(label, mne.Label | mne.BiHemiLabel)
+        signflip = label_sign_flip(label, fwd["src"])[np.newaxis, :]
+
+        if template == "mean_flip":
+            return signflip
+        if template == "mean":
+            return np.ones((1, signflip.size))
+
+    return template