PHP Fundamentals II -- May 2019

TODO

Is there SMTP support in the VM, or just sendmail?

Homework

for Thu 22 May 2019 Collabedit: http://collabedit.com/t75tv
- Pedro: Lab: Validate an Email Address
- All: Lab: Composer with OrderApp
for Tue 21 May 2019 Collabedit: http://collabedit.com/m9tff
- Olawale: Lab: Email
for Sun 19 May 2019 Collabedit: http://collabedit.com/x2jdf
- Drew: Lab: SQL Statements: from the VM:

mysql -u vagrant -pvagrant
mysql> show databases;
mysql> use phpcourse;
mysql> show tables;
mysql> show create table orders;
// run different commands
mysql> exit

Marcella: Lab: Prepared Statements
All: Lab: Stored Procedure
All: Lab: Transaction
Path to source code in VM is this:

/home/vagrant/Zend/workspaces/DefaultWorkspace/ {sandbox | php2 | orderapp}

for Thu 16 May 2019 Collabedit: http://collabedit.com/2gy8c
- Pedro: Lab: Traits
for Tue 14 May 2019 Collabedit: http://collabedit.com/3phdt
- Drew: Lab: Interfaces
- Marcella: Lab: Type Hinting
  - https://github.com/MParkerVM/PHPCourse.git
  - NOTE: branch TypeHintingLab
- Olawale: Lab: Build Custom Exception Class
  - https://github.com/oadekoya12/zend-training/blob/master/php_II_assignment/Create_an_Extensible_Super_Class.php
for Sun 12 May 2019 Collabedit: http://collabedit.com/a43bt
- Olawale: Lab: Create an Extensible Super Class
  - https://github.com/oadekoya12/zend-training/blob/master/php_II_assignment/Create_an_Extensible_Super_Class.php
- Pedro: Lab: Magic Methods
  - https://github.com/pedrosuazo/phpcourses
for Thu 9 May 2019 Collabedit: http://collabedit.com/pvw9e
- Drew: Lab: Namespace
- Marcella: Lab: Create a Class

Corrections

file:///D:/Repos/PHP-Fundamentals-II/Course_Materials/index.html#/2/33: sub-class doesn't override!
file:///D:/Repos/PHP-Fundamentals-II/Course_Materials/index.html#/4/17: duplicate slide
file:///D:/Repos/PHP-Fundamentals-II/Course_Materials/index.html#/6/2: s/be "custom"
Email example needs "\r\n" not '\r\n'!!!
file:///D:/Repos/PHP-Fundamentals-II/Course_Materials/index.html#/6/21: s/ also mention preg_match_all()
file:///D:/Repos/PHP-Fundamentals-II/Course_Materials/index.html#/9/14: s/be ".user.ini"
file:///D:/Repos/PHP-Fundamentals-II/Course_Materials/index.html#/9/19: could also be httpd.conf depending your OS version
file:///D:/Repos/PHP-Fundamentals-II/Course_Materials/index.html#/9/30: duplicate paragraphs!

Class Discussion

Negative offsets on strings

<?php
$test = 'This is a test of XYZ';
echo substr($test, -3);
echo PHP_EOL;

// this produces the same thing:
echo $test[-3] . $test[-2] . $test[-1];

Breaking out array elements into individual vars:

<?php
$array = [1 => 2, 2 => 4, 'eight' => 8];
list(1 => $oneInt, 2 => $twoInt, 'eight' => $threeInt) = $array;
echo $oneInt . PHP_EOL . $twoInt . PHP_EOL . $threeInt;
echo PHP_EOL;
[1 => $oneInt, 2 => $twoInt, 'eight' => $threeInt] = $array;
echo $oneInt . PHP_EOL . $twoInt . PHP_EOL . $threeInt;
echo PHP_EOL;

$array2 = [
	[1 => 2, 2 => 4, 'eight' => 8],
	[1 => 2, 2 => 4, 'eight' => 8],
	[1 => 2, 2 => 4, 'eight' => 8]
];
foreach($array2 as  list(1 => $oneInt, 2 => $twoInt, 'eight' => $threeInt)) {
	echo $oneInt . PHP_EOL . $twoInt . PHP_EOL . $threeInt;
	echo PHP_EOL;
}

Security: good place to start: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Main_Page
Slightly modified example from file:///D:/Repos/PHP-Fundamentals-II/Course_Materials/index.html#/9/9

<?php
// Simulate a POST request
$_POST = [
    'firstname'  => '<script></script>Mark',
    'lastname'   => 'Watney   ',
    'occupation' => '  martian  ',
    'education'  => '<bogus>Zend PHP II</bogus>'
];

// Define Filters
$trim = function ($input) { return trim($input); };
$tags = function ($input) { return strip_tags($input); };

// assign filters
$filters = [
    'firstname'  => [$trim, $tags],
    'lastname'   => [$trim, $tags],
    'occupation' => [$trim, $tags],
    'education'  => [$trim, $tags]
];
// insert validation code here
$valid = TRUE;
if ($valid) {
    // Input is valid: now perform filtering
    $goodtogo = [];
    foreach ($filters as $field => $run) {
        $item = $_POST[$field];
        // run $item through 1 or more filters
        foreach ($run as $callback) $item = $callback($item);
        // assign filtered item to the final array
        $goodtogo[$field] = $item;
    }
    echo htmlspecialchars(var_export($goodtogo, TRUE));
} else {
    echo 'Input invalid';
}

stream_socket_client() example from inside the VM:

<?php
// Get the resource
$fh = stream_socket_client("tcp://127.0.0.1:80", $errno, $errstr, 30);

// Check
if (!$fh) {
    // Output error data on failure
    echo "$errstr ($errno)<br />\n";

} else {
    // Write to the stream
    fwrite($fh, "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: localhost\r\nAccept: */*\r\n\r\n");

    // Read from the stream
    while (! feof($fh)) {
        echo fgets($fh, 1024);
    }

    // Close the resource
    fclose($fh);
}

OAuth2 Client:
- https://packagist.org/packages/league/oauth2-client
Another SOAP client example using USA Weather Service:
- https://github.com/dbierer/classic_php_examples/blob/master/web/soap_client.php
To generate a request to an external web service using streams:
- https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.stream-context-create.php
RFC Based regex for email validation
- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13992403/regex-validation-of-email-addresses-according-to-rfc5321-rfc5322
- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12026842/how-to-validate-an-email-address-in-php
- This might not catch all variations of an email address according to the latest specifications, but might work in the short term:

$valid = filter_var('bob@example.com', FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);

json_encode()decode() vs. serialize() unserialize()

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
class Test
{
	protected $test = 'TEST';
	private $something = 'SOMETHING';
	public $other = 'OTHER';
	public function getTest()
	{
		return $this->test;
	}
	public function setTest(string $test)
	{
		$this->test = $test;
	}
	public function toJson()
	{
		return json_encode(get_object_vars($this));
	}
}

$test = new Test();
echo $test->getTest();
echo PHP_EOL;

$json = json_encode($test);
echo $json;
echo PHP_EOL;

try {
	$obj = json_decode($json);
	echo $obj->getTest();
} catch (Throwable $e) {
	echo $e;
}
echo PHP_EOL;
var_dump($obj);

$string = serialize($test);
echo $string;
echo PHP_EOL;
try {
	$obj2 = unserialize($string);
	echo $obj2->getTest();
} catch (Throwable $e) {
	echo $e;
}
echo PHP_EOL;
var_dump($obj2);
echo PHP_EOL;

echo $test->toJson();

Performance of REST+JSON vs. SOAP+XML
- http://www.ateam-oracle.com/performance-study-rest-vs-soap-for-mobile-applications
Regex: example of preg_replace_callback_array()
- See: https://github.com/dbierer/php7cookbook/blob/master/source/chapter01/chap_01_php5_to_php7_code_converter.php
- Also: https://github.com/dbierer/php7cookbook/blob/master/source/Application/Parse/Convert.php
Regex: quantifiers

<?php
//$pattern = '!^http(s)?\w*!i';
// this is a stricter pattern
$pattern = '!^http(s)?://\w+!i';
$string  = 'http://zend.com/';
echo (preg_match($pattern, $string)) ? 'Match' : 'No Match';
echo PHP_EOL;
$string  = 'https://zend.com/';
echo (preg_match($pattern, $string)) ? 'Match' : 'No Match';
echo PHP_EOL;
$string  = 'ftp://zend.com/';
echo (preg_match($pattern, $string)) ? 'Match' : 'No Match';
echo PHP_EOL;

Rewritten Email example from the VM:

<?php
// A simple email() example.
// A working MTA (mail server) is required to complete the delivery and appropriate php.ini configuration
if (isset($_POST['eadd']) && isset($_POST['subject']) && isset($_POST['msg'])) // if "email" form is filled out, send email
{
    // send email
    if (ctype_alnum($_POST['eadd']) && ctype_alnum($_POST['subject']) && ctype_alnum($_POST['msg'])) {
        $to = $_POST['eadd']; // Should use preg functions to validate.
        $subject = htmlspecialchars($_POST['subject']);
        $msg = htmlspecialchars($_POST['msg']);

        // To use all parameters, note: the @ is used here to suppress errors.
        $headers[] = 'From: test@example.com';
        $headers[] = 'MIME-Version: 1.0';
        $headers[] = 'Content-type: Text/html; charset=UTF-8';
        $params = '-f test@example.com';
        $result = @mail($to, $subject, $msg, implode("\r\n", $headers), $params);

        // To use minimum required parameters
        $result = @mail($to, $subject, $msg);

        if ($result) {
            echo 'Mail Sent';
        } else {
            echo 'Mail not sent';
        }
    } else {
        die('Something bogus in the submittal');
    }
} else { // if "email" is not filled out, display the form
    echo "<form method='post' action='mailform.php'>
				Email: <input name='email' type='text' /><br />
				Subject: <input name='subject' type='text' /><br />
				Message:<br />
				<textarea name='message' rows='15' cols='40'>
				</textarea><br />
				<input type='submit' />
			</form>";
}

Example of regex

<?php
$contents = file_get_contents('https://php.net/manual/en/reference.pcre.pattern.syntax.php');
//         Sub Matches:  1     2    3
$pattern  = '/<a.*?href=("|\')(.*?)("|\').*?>/';
preg_match_all($pattern, $contents, $matches);
var_dump($matches[2]);
// the actual links are the 2nd sub-pattern

ETag Example

<?php
/*
 *      etag.php
 */
// Set eTag
$etag = "1.0.1_2019_05_20";

//$etag_match = $etag . "-gzip";
$none_match = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH'] : "";
if ( $none_match == $etag ) {
	header('304 Not Modified', TRUE, 304);
	exit;
} else {
	header("ETag: $etag");
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
	<title>ETag Example</title>
	<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
	<meta name="generator" content="Geany 0.16" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>ETag Example</h1>
NEW: ONLY FOR TODAY ... SPECIAL!!!

Refresh this page and check the header details.

<br>aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj
<br>kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr ssss tttt
<br>aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj
<br>kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr ssss tttt
<br>aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj
<br>kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr ssss tttt
<br>aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj
<br>kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr ssss tttt
<br>aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj
<br>kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr ssss tttt
<br>aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj
<br>kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr ssss tttt
<br>aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj
<br>kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr ssss tttt
<br>aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj
<br>kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr ssss tttt
<br>aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj
<br>kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr ssss tttt
<br><a href="index.php">BACK</a>
</body>
</html>

Headers example

<?php
// if you see the error: "Headers already sent" it means you have output already before setting a header
//header('Content-Type: application/json');
header('Something: anything');
// default behavior is to REPLACE duplicate headers
header('Something: nothing');
// otherwise you can ADD duplicates as follows:
header('Duplicate: 1');
header('Duplicate: 2', FALSE);

$data = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3];
echo json_encode($data);

phpinfo(INFO_VARIABLES);

Example of nested buffering

<?php
// Top level buffer
ob_start();

$now = new DateTime();
echo 'some content in the first buffer ' . $now->format('H:i:s:u');
echo PHP_EOL;

// Begin Nested buffer ******************************************************
ob_start();
$now = new DateTime();
echo 'some content in the second buffer ' . $now->format('H:i:s:u');
echo PHP_EOL;

// Get the nested buffer contents
$content2 = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
// End Nested buffer ******************************************************

// Get and clean from the outer buffer
$content1 = ob_get_clean();
$now = new DateTime();
echo $content1 . $now->format('H:i:s:u');
echo PHP_EOL;
echo $content2;
echo PHP_EOL;

PDO example showing error handling

<?php
ini_set('display_errors', 0);
define('ERROR_LOG', __DIR__ . '/error.log');
try {
	$dsn  = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=phpcourse';
	$opts = [PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION];
	$pdo  = new PDO($dsn, 'vagrant', 'vagrant', $opts);
	$sql  = 'UPDATE customers SET id=? WHERE id=?;';
	$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
	$stmt->execute([5,1]);
	if ($stmt->rowCount()) {
		echo 'Update Succeeded!';
	} else {
		echo 'Unknown Problem :-(';
	}
} catch (Throwable $e) {
	$message = date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . ':' . get_class($e) . ':' . $e->getMessage();
	file_put_contents(ERROR_LOG, $message, FILE_APPEND);
	echo 'Unable to complete the database operation [' . __LINE__ . ']';
} catch (Throwable $e) {
	$message = date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . ':' . get_class($e) . ':' . $e->getMessage();
	file_put_contents(ERROR_LOG, $message, FILE_APPEND);
	echo 'Unknown error [' . __LINE__ . ']';
}

Object Relational Mapping: https://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/orm.html
PHP 3rd party libraries: https://packagist.org/
Database Rankings: https://db-engines.com/en/ranking
PDO examples:
- https://github.com/dbierer/classic_php_examples/tree/master/db
- https://github.com/dbierer/classic_php_examples/blob/master/db/db_pdo_fetch_class.php
Post multi-autoloader example to classic repo
- https://github.com/dbierer/classic_php_examples/blob/master/oop/oop_multiple_autoloader_example.php
Static and Singleton design pattern example:
- https://github.com/dbierer/classic_php_examples/blob/master/oop/oop_singleton_getinstance_example.php#L59
- Also, read on late static binding here: https://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.late-static-bindings.php
Example of where cloning might be useful

<?php

// NOTE: objects are passed reference
$today = new DateTime();
$day90 = $today->add(new DateInterval('P90D'));

// Same object == same output
echo $today->format('Y-m-d');
echo PHP_EOL;
echo $day90->format('Y-m-d');
echo PHP_EOL;
echo ($today === $day90) ? 'REFERENCE' : 'CLONE';
echo PHP_EOL;

// using cloning
$today = new DateTime();
$day90 = clone $today;
$day90 = $day90->add(new DateInterval('P90D'));

// Same object == same output
echo $today->format('Y-m-d');
echo PHP_EOL;
echo $day90->format('Y-m-d');
echo PHP_EOL;
echo ($today === $day90) ? 'REFERENCE' : 'CLONE';
echo PHP_EOL;

Trait examples:
- https://github.com/dbierer/classic_php_examples/blob/master/oop/oop_traits.php
Namespace in single file example

<?php
namespace X {
	class Test
	{
		public function getTest()
		{
			return __CLASS__;
		}
	}
}

namespace Y {
	use DateTime;
	class Test
	{
		public function getTest()
		{
			return __CLASS__;
		}
		public function getTime()
		{
			$time = new DateTime();
			return $time->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
		}
	}
}

namespace {
	$test = new \Y\Test();
	echo $test->getTest();
	echo PHP_EOL;
	echo $test->getTime();
}

Autoloading example

<?php
// this file would be in /sandbox/public
// assumes /sandbox/Demo/Test1.php and /sandbox/Demo/Test2.php are defined
spl_autoload_register(
	function ($class)
	{
		$base = realpath(__DIR__ . '/..');
		include_once $base . '/' . str_replace('\\', '/', $class) . '.php';
	}
);

use Demo\ {Test1, Test2};
$test1 = new Test1();
$test2 = new Test2();
echo $test1->getTest();
echo PHP_EOL;
echo $test2->getTest();

Inheritance example overriding __construct()

<?php
class User {
    public const  TABLE = 'user' ;
    public $firstName = 'Fred';
    public $lastName  = 'Flintstone';
	public function __construct($firstname, $lastname) {
		$this->firstName = $firstname;
		$this->lastName = $lastname;
    }
    public function getFullName() {
		return $this->firstName . ' ' . $this->lastName;
	}
}
class GuestUser extends User {
    public $role = 'Caveman';
    public function getRole() {
        return $this->role;
    }
	public function __construct($firstname, $lastname, $role) {
		parent::__construct($firstname, $lastname);
		$this->role = $role;
    }
}

$user = new User('Betty', 'Rubble');
echo $user->getFullName();
echo PHP_EOL;

$guest = new GuestUser('Barney', 'Rubble', 'Neighbor');
echo $guest->getFullName() . ' is a ' . $guest->getRole();
echo PHP_EOL;

Examples of __toString and __destruct()

<?php

class Test
{
	public $test = 'TEST';
	public $tag  = 1;
	public function getTest()
	{
		return $this->test;
	}
	public function __toString()
	{
		return var_export($this, TRUE);
	}
	public function __destruct()
	{
		$date = new DateTime();
		echo 'Object instance: ' . $this->tag . ':' . $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s:u') . PHP_EOL;
	}
}

$date = new DateTime();
echo $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s:u');
echo PHP_EOL;

$test1 = new Test();
$test2 = new Test();
$test3 = new Test();

$test1->tag = 1;
$test2->tag = 2;
$test3->tag = 3;

unset($test2);
echo 'The class name is ' . $test1;
echo PHP_EOL;
echo 'End of the program' . PHP_EOL;
// NOTE: __destruct() is in LIFO order

Examples of magic methods:
- https://github.com/dbierer/classic_php_examples/blob/master/oop/oop_magic_invoke_and_tostring.php
- https://github.com/dbierer/classic_php_examples/blob/master/oop/oop_magic_call_unlimited_getters_setters.php
Examples of callable types

<?php
class Test {
    public function callIt(callable $callback, array $params) {
        return $callback($params);
    }
}

$operands[0] = 2;
$operands[1] = 3;
$callback = function ($p) {
    return 'The result of '
           . $p[0] . ' times ' . $p[1]
           . ' is ' . ($p[0] * $p[1]);
};
$test = new Test;
echo $test->callIt($callback, $operands);
echo PHP_EOL;

$anonCallback = new class() {
	public function __invoke($p)
	{
		return 'The result of ' . $p[0] . ' + ' . $p[1] . ' is ' . array_sum($p);
	}
};

$p = [2, 2];
echo $test->callIt($anonCallback, $p);
echo PHP_EOL;

class Whatever {
	public function __invoke($p)
	{
		return 'The result of ' . $p[0] . ' - ' . $p[1] . ' is ' . ($p[0] - $p[1]);
	}
};

$p = [2, 2];
echo $test->callIt(new Whatever(), $p);
echo PHP_EOL;

Scalar type hinting

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
class Test
{
	public function add(float $a, float $b)
	{
		return $a + $b;
	}
}

$test = new Test();
// this works
echo $test->add(9.99, 7);
echo PHP_EOL;
// this works
echo $test->add(9.99, 7.77);
echo PHP_EOL;
// this does not work
echo $test->add(9.99, '7');
echo PHP_EOL;

Examples of try/catch

<?php
class Test
{
	public $pdo = NULL;
	public function __construct(PDO $pdo)
	{
		$this->pdo = $pdo;
	}
}

try {
	$pdo = new PDO('x','y','z');
} catch (PDOException $e) {
	echo get_class($e) . PHP_EOL;
	echo $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
	echo $e->getTraceAsString();
} catch (Exception $e) {
	echo get_class($e) . PHP_EOL;
	echo $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
	echo $e->getTraceAsString();
}

try {
	$pdo = new PDO();
} catch (ArgumentCountError $e) {
	echo get_class($e) . PHP_EOL;
	echo $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
	echo $e->getTraceAsString();
}

Homework

for Thu 9 May 2019 Collabedit: http://collabedit.com/pvw9e

// Homework for Thu 9 May 2019

//Drew Homework 1
/************************************
Order App Name spaces.
1. From the entry point on index.php there are 2 references to namespaces. I'm not quite sure those will map as the the Controller/Core directories are not in the same directory as the index.php files. They are in a src\OrderApp\.. directory structure.
2. It does appear that the 2 are named correctly, in that the
 3 was stating that it did appear that the "best practice" was being used in the naming conventions. Directory matched namespace and the name of files matched class names
 4 was an observation in one of the directories that multiple libraries were being imported with one line


*************************************/

//Marcella HW
//I struggled with this segment, and the purpose of the function and construct.
//I also just ran out of time to continue working on this.

<?php

class Report
{

    protected $startDate;
    protected $endDate;
    protected $dept;
    protected $productClass;

    public function __construct($startDate, $dept, $productClass)
    {
        $this->startDate = $startDate;
        $this->endDate   = ($startDate + 7);
        $this->dept      = $dept;
        $this->productClass = $productClass;
    }
    public function getVars()
    {
        return get_object_vars($this);
    }
    public function getAnything($name)
    {
        if (isset($this->$name)) {
            $val = $this->$name;
        } else {
            $val = NULL;
        }
        return $val;
    }
}

$report[] = new Report (21090501, 271, 812);
$report[] = new Report (21090401, 271, 812);
$report[] = new Report (21090501, 272, 357);

foreach ($report as $repObj) {
    echo 'The start date is: ' . $repObj->getAnything('startDate') . PHP_EOL;
    // this works only if properties are public:
    foreach (get_object_vars($repObj) as $varName => $repdata) {
        //echo $repObj . " is " . $repdata;
        echo get_class($repObj) . ' variable ' . $varName . ' contains ' . $repdata . PHP_EOL;
    }
    // this works any time:
    foreach ($repObj->getVars() as $varName => $repdata) {
        //echo $repObj . " is " . $repdata;
        echo get_class($repObj) . ' variable ' . $varName . ' contains ' . $repdata . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

//var_dump($report);

for Sun 12 May 2019 Collabedit: http://collabedit.com/a43bt

* For Sun 12 May 2019
  * Olawale: Lab: Create an Extensible Super Class
<?php
// Class definition
class Automobile
{
    // Declare  properties
    public $fuel;
    protected $engine;
    private $transmission;
}
class Car extends Automobile
{
    // Constructor
    public function __construct(){
        echo 'The class "' . __CLASS__ . '" was initiated!<br>';
    }
    public function setparam($fuel,$engine,$transmission = 4){
      $this->fuel = $fuel;
      $this->engine = $engine;
      $this->transmission = $transmission;
    }
    public function __toString(){
      return var_export($this, TRUE);
    }

}
$car = new Car();
$car->setparam('Regular','1.8L');
echo $car;
echo PHP_EOL;

$car->setparam('Deluxe','5.0', '6');
echo $car;
echo PHP_EOL;

for Tue 14 May 2019 Collabedit: http://collabedit.com/3phdt

<?php
/* Drew Homework
* Homework for Tues 14 May 2019
* Lab: Interfaces
*/
interface GolfGame
{
    public function getCourseRecord($key);
    public function setCourseRecord($courseName,$player,$score);
}

class GolfCourseRecord
{
    public $golfCourse;
    public $golfPlayer;
    public $score;
}

class GolfCourses implements GolfGame
{
    protected $golfCourseRecord = [];
    public function __construct(GolfCourseRecord $record = NULL)
    {
        if ($record) $this->golfCourseRecord[] = $record;
    }
    public function getCourseRecord($key)
    {
        return $this->golfCourseRecord[$key] ?? NULL;
    }
    public function setCourseRecord($course,$player,$score)
    {
        $record = new GolfCourseRecord;
        $record->golfCourse = $course;
        $record->golfPlayer = $player;
        $record->score = $score;
        $this->golfCourseRecord[] = $record;
        return $this;
    }
    public function getCourseInfo($key)
    {
        $record = $this->getCourseRecord($key);
        if ($record) {
            return 'Congratulations ' . $record->golfPlayer
                   . '! You have set a score of ' . $record->score
                   . ' at ' . $record->golfCourse . '.';
        } else {
            return NULL;
        }
    }
}

$courses = new GolfCourses();
$courses->setCourseRecord('Hawaii','Drew',-12)
        ->setCourseRecord('Durand Eastman','Doug',168)
        ->setCourseRecord('Pebble Beach','Marcella',-20)
        ->setCourseRecord('John Deere Classic','Olawale',0);

echo $courses->getCourseInfo(0);

var_dump($courses);

/*Marcella Homework

Lab: Type Hinting
1. Create a new class with some properties and methods.
2. Add a constructor.
3. Type hint in the constructor for the interface created in the last exercise.
4. Instantiate an object from one of your previous subclasses.
5. Add it as a dependent object to the new object created in step one, and store it.

--I have not completed this yet.  Hoping to today, but have had some issues come up.
This is my current code, but I'm still trying to wrap my head around steps 3-5.
I was able to add an interface, and use some type hinting, but I don't understand the concept of type hinting to an interface.

https://github.com/MParkerVM/PHPCourse/tree/TypeHintingLab/public


*/

<?php
// Class definition
// declare(strict_types = 1);
class Automobile
{
    // Declare  properties
    public $fuel;
    protected $engine;
    private $transmission;
}
class Car extends Automobile
{
    // Constructor
    public function __construct(){
        echo 'The class "' . __CLASS__ . '" was initiated!<br>';
    }
    public function setparam($fuel,$engine,$transmission = 4){
      $this->fuel = $fuel;
      $this->engine = $engine;
      $this->transmission = $transmission;
    }
    public function __toString(){
      return var_export($this, TRUE);
    }
}


try {

    $car = new Car();
    $car->setparam('Regular','1.8L');
    echo $car;
    echo PHP_EOL;

    $car->setparam('Deluxe','5.0', '6');
    echo $car;
    echo PHP_EOL;

    $car->setparam('Deluxe');
    echo $car;
} catch (Exception $e) {
  echo '***********************';
  echo 'Exception' . PHP_EOL;
  echo $e->getMessage();
} catch (ArgumentCountError $e) {
  echo '***********************';
  echo 'ArgumentCountError' . PHP_EOL;
  echo $e->getMessage();
  echo $e->getCode();
} catch (Throwable $e) {
  echo '***********************';
  echo 'Throwable' . PHP_EOL;
  echo $e->getMessage();
  echo $e->getCode();
}

For Sun 19 May 2019

/**Marcella Homework
*Lab - Prepared Statement
*1. Create a prepared statement script.
*2. Add a try/catch construct.
*3. Add a new customer record binding the customer parameters.
*
* Is it common / good practice / practical to use a try / catch INSIDE of a class?
* It seems to me you would have a newUser class with functions inside to complete this SQL.
* Would you put the try catch inside of that?  Or TRY to instantiate the newUser class and catch THAT error?
**/

<?php

$dsn  = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=phpcourse';
$opts = [PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION];
$pdo  = new PDO($dsn, 'vagrant', 'vagrant', $opts);
$statemt = $pdo->prepare( 'INSERT INTO users (firstname,lastname,userid,bday) VALUES (?,?,?,?)' );

$fname = 'Marcella';
$lname = 'Parker';
$usid  = 'Delfinus';
$bday  = '07/25';

// If you needed to first verify that the userid is unique:
/*
   $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT userid FROM users WHERE userid = :placeholder;');
   $stmt->execute(['placeholder' => $usid]);
   if ($stmt->rowCount()) {
       echo 'This user id is already in use.  Please choose another.';
   } else {
      // carry on
   }
 *
 */

$statemt->bindParam(1, $fname);
$statemt->bindParam(2, $lname);
$statemt->bindParam(3, $usid);
$statemt->bindParam(4, $bday);

try {
    $statemt->execute();

} catch (PDOException $e){
    echo get_class($e) . PHP_EOL;
    echo $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
    echo $e->getTraceAsString();
} catch (Throwable $e){
    echo get_class($e) . PHP_EOL;
    echo $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
    echo $e->getTraceAsString();
}


/**Marcella # 2
*Lab - Transaction
*1. Create a transaction script.
*2. Execute two SQL statements.
*3. Handle any exceptions.
*This is built to fail and hit the CATCH block.
**/

<?php

try {
    // Get the connection instance
    $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=phpcourse','vagrant','vagrant');

    // Set error mode attribute
    $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

    // Begin the transaction
    $pdo->beginTransaction();
    $pdo->exec("insert into customers (firstname, lastname) values ('Bob')");
    $pdo->exec("insert into orders (date, status, amount, description, customer)
        values(1360796400, 'open', 1200, 'PHP Testing', 6)");
    $pdo->commit();
    echo 'Success!';
} catch (PDOException $e ){
    $pdo->rollBack();
    echo 'Failed: ' . $e->getMessage();
}

/**
LAB: SQL Statements --DREW #1
Identify the result of the each of the following SQL statements:
**/
1. SELECT * FROM users;
--This will get all users that are in the users table
2. SELECT firstname, lastname FROM users AS u WHERE u.id = 25;
--This will select just the first & last name for a single user with id of 25
3. INSERT INTO users (firstname, lastname) VALUES (James, Bond);
--This will insert a new user into the table with a the name of James Bond
4. UPDATE users SET firstname=Rube, lastname=Goldberg WHERE users.id=420;
--This will update the name of the user that has an id of 420
5. SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY lastname DESC;
--This will select all users and put them in order by lastname Z-A

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php-ii-may-2019.md

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PHP Fundamentals II -- May 2019

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PHP Fundamentals II -- May 2019

TODO

Homework

Corrections

Class Discussion

Homework