[Debian] Add support for Debian 13 "Trixie"

[rbhanda]

This issue is created to track progress for the work to enable Debian 13 "Trixie" support for .NET 8.0 and 9.0

• [All Product Teams] Compatibility check and infra update
• Do a compatibility check for the product with the new OS
• Replace docker tags used in builds across repos and branches
• Update CI legs to latest updated Dockerfile
• Ensure that the correct Docker images used by teams are built in the dotnet-buildtools-prereqs (if applicable)

Resources:

• https://www.debian.org/releases/trixie/

[richlander]

Tracking work

• Update Debian version to 13 runtime#111768
• Add Debian 13 "Trixie" images for .NET 10 dotnet-docker#6185

We aim to be done by .NET 10 P1.

[lbussell]

@richlander, you can check the sub-issues on #9652. dotnet/dotnet-docker#6174 tracks the work for .NET 8 and 9. I proposed adding images for those versions around May (at Debian's hard freeze deadline).

[richlander]

Yup. I have noticed that earlier. Sounds great.