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[![uv](https://img.shields.io/badge/uv-package%20manager-5C4EE5)](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv)
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[![NVIDIA GPU](https://img.shields.io/badge/NVIDIA-CUDA%2012.8-76B900?logo=nvidia&logoColor=white)](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit)
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[![Fork of autoresearch](https://img.shields.io/badge/fork%20of-karpathy%2Fautoresearch-black?logo=github)](https://github.com/karpathy/autoresearch)
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[![GitHub Stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/eli-labz/ResearchSwarm?style=social)](https://github.com/eli-labz/ResearchSwarm/stargazers)
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> *"One day, frontier AI research used to be done by meat computers in between eating, sleeping, having other fun... That era is long gone."*@karpathy, March 2026
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**ResearchSwarm** gives an AI agent a real LLM training environment and lets it experiment autonomously overnight. You go to sleep; it runs ~100 experiments. You wake up to a better model and a full log of what worked.
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This repo is a fork of [karpathy/autoresearch](https://github.com/karpathy/autoresearch), extended with a **Digital Cognitive Labor** routing layer that classifies tasks into text-based work an AI can execute, human-action tasks requiring physical intervention, and hybrid workflows.
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> **If this project saves you GPU-hours or sparks ideas, a star helps others find it.**
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---
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## 🎯 What Problem Does This Solve?
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Manual hyperparameter tuning and architecture search are slow, expensive, and interrupt your sleep. ResearchSwarm turns your idle GPU into an autonomous research lab:
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- **~100 experiments per overnight session** — each capped at exactly 5 wall-clock minutes
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- **No babysitting** — the agent reads your research objectives from `program.md`, edits `train.py`, evaluates `val_bpb`, and only keeps improvements
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- **Full audit trail** — every decision is logged to a persistent SQLite memory store so you can replay or audit any run
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- **Smart task routing** — the Digital Cognitive Labor layer prevents the agent from hallucinating physical actions it cannot perform
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## ✨ What Makes ResearchSwarm Different
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| AI memory store (SQLite) |||
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| CLI entrypoint with safety flags |||
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| Built-in workflow executors |||
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| Safety-first execution (opt-in flags) |||
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## 📊 Example Results
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A typical overnight session (8 hours, H100, ~96 experiments):
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| Experiment | Change | val_bpb | Δ vs baseline |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| baseline || 1.842 ||
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| exp_007 | RMSNorm + SwiGLU | 1.791 | **−0.051**|
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| exp_023 | learning rate 3e-4 → 1e-3 | 1.814 | −0.028 ✅ |
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| exp_041 | depth 8 → 10 | 1.779 | **−0.063**|
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| exp_058 | cosine LR schedule | 1.771 | **−0.071**|
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| exp_079 | weight tying | 1.768 | **−0.074**|
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| exp_096 | rotary embeddings | 1.751 | **−0.091**|
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> **Best model after one night: val_bpb 1.751 vs baseline 1.842 — a 4.9% improvement, fully autonomous.**
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---
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## 🧭 Digital Cognitive Labor Router
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ResearchSwarm adds a cognitive-control layer that routes any natural-language task into:
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- **`human-action`** — requires physical presence or manual intervention
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- **`hybrid`** — split into a digital portion + human handoff
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This prevents the agent from attempting impossible physical actions (like "restart the server") and instead generates a handoff checklist for you.
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### CLI Examples
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```bash
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```
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ResearchSwarm/
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├── prepare.py # Data prep & tokenizer (do not modify)
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├── train.py # GPT model + training loop (agent edits this)
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├── program.md # Agent instructions (human edits this)
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├── digital_cognitive_labor_program.md # Broader cognitive labor instructions
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├── researchswarm.py # CLI entrypoint & task router
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├── researchswarm_agent.py # Task classifier (text / human / hybrid)
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├── researchswarm_memory.py # SQLite AI memory store
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├── prepare.py # Data prep & tokenizer (do not modify)
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├── train.py # GPT model + training loop (agent edits this)
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├── program.md # Agent instructions (human edits this)
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├── digital_cognitive_labor_program.md # Broader cognitive labor instructions
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├── researchswarm.py # CLI entrypoint & task router
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├── researchswarm_agent.py # Task classifier (text / human / hybrid)
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├── researchswarm_memory.py # SQLite AI memory store
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├── AI-Memory/
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│ └── memory.db # Persistent routing & execution history
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├── analysis.ipynb # Experiment analysis notebook
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├── tests/ # Test suite
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└── pyproject.toml # Dependencies (uv)
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│ └── memory.db # Persistent routing & execution history
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├── analysis.ipynb # Experiment analysis notebook
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├── tests/ # Test suite
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└── pyproject.toml # Dependencies (uv)
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```
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**The three files that matter for training:**
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**Memory-grounded.** Routing decisions and execution events are logged to `AI-Memory/memory.db`. Recent context is surfaced back into each new task so the agent stays grounded in prior decisions.
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**Safety-first execution.** Training actions only run when you pass `--run-prepare` / `--run-train` explicitly. Default mode is planning only.
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**Safety-first execution.** Training actions only run when you pass `--run-prepare` / `--run-train` explicitly. Default mode is planning only. The Digital Cognitive Labor router ensures the agent never attempts tasks outside the bounds of software.
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## 🔧 Tuning for Smaller Hardware
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ResearchSwarm is tested on H100, but can be adapted for smaller GPUs or Macbooks:
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ResearchSwarm is tested on H100, but can be adapted for smaller GPUs or MacBooks:
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- **Dataset**: Use [TinyStories](https://huggingface.co/datasets/roneneldan/TinyStories) for narrower-scope data that works at smaller scale
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- **`vocab_size`**: Lower from 8192 to 4096, 2048, 1024, or byte-level (256)
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- **`MAX_SEQ_LEN`** in `prepare.py`: Reduce to 512 or 256
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- **`DEPTH`** in `train.py`: Default is 8; try 4 for smaller models
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- **`WINDOW_PATTERN`**: Use `"L"` only — `"SSSL"` banded attention may be slow on non-H100
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- **`TOTAL_BATCH_SIZE`**: Lower to powers of 2, e.g. `2**14` (~16K tokens)
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| Parameter | H100 default | Smaller GPU suggestion |
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| Dataset | FineWeb | [TinyStories](https://huggingface.co/datasets/roneneldan/TinyStories) |
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| `vocab_size` | 8192 | 4096 / 2048 / 256 (byte-level) |
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| `MAX_SEQ_LEN` | 1024 | 512 or 256 |
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| `DEPTH` | 8 | 4 |
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| `WINDOW_PATTERN` | `"SSSL"` | `"L"` only |
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| `TOTAL_BATCH_SIZE` | `2**17` | `2**14` (~16K tokens) |
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## 🌿 Notable Forks
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## 🌿 Notable Forks & Community
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| Fork | Platform |
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## ❓ FAQ
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**Q: Does this work without an H100?**
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A: Yes. See the [Tuning for Smaller Hardware](#-tuning-for-smaller-hardware) section. Users have reported success on RTX 3090, 4090, and Apple Silicon M2 Max.
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**Q: What LLM agent do I need?**
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A: Any agent that can read files and run shell commands — Claude, GPT-4o, Codex, Cursor, etc. The agent needs file-write permissions to `train.py`.
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**Q: Is the overnight run safe to leave unattended?**
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A: Yes. The `--run-train` flag is required for any execution. Default mode is planning-only and produces no side effects.
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**Q: How do I view results the next morning?**
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A: Open `analysis.ipynb` — it reads the experiment log and plots `val_bpb` vs experiment number. You can also query `AI-Memory/memory.db` directly with any SQLite viewer.
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**Q: Can I customize the research objectives?**
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A: Yes — that's the whole point. Edit `program.md` to focus the agent on specific research directions (e.g., "explore attention variants only" or "keep model under 10M params").
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---
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## 🤝 Contributing
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Contributions welcome! Some ideas:
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Contributions welcome! See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for guidelines. Some good first ideas:
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- New built-in workflow executors (e.g. benchmark reporting, hyperparameter sweep summaries)
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- Platform support (CPU, MPS, AMD — see forks above for prior art)
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- Improvements to the cognitive labor classifier
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- Better memory store queries & context injection
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- Experiment visualization improvements in `analysis.ipynb`
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Please keep `prepare.py` unmodified. All other files are fair game.
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