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<h1 class="post-title">一个Win32控制台类</h1>
<span class="post-date">周日 06 六月 2010</span>
<p>对于编写Win32程序，尤其是游戏这种实时性高的程序来说，断点调试未必是最合适的调试方法。很多时候，我们更渴望看到实时打印的调试信息。</p>
<p>一种方法是使用VC的调试函数OutputDebugString()，将信息输出给VC调试控制台。还有一种方法是在Win32控制台工程的基础上创建窗口程序（入口为main而非WinMain）。可以用宏来控制编译，使Debug版本时有控制台，Release版本没有控制台，像这样：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// 一个简单的方法</span>
<span class="cp">#ifndef _DEBUG</span>
<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WINAPI</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">WinMain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HINSTANCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hInstance</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HINSTANCE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hPrevInstance</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LPSTR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lpCmdLine</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nCmdShow</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="cp">#else</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="cp">#endif</span><span class="c1">//_DEBUG</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>但这种方法并不灵活，这里介绍一个直接用Win32 API获得控制台的方法。一切皆在代码中：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// DbgCon.h</span>
<span class="cp">#ifndef DBGCON_H</span>
<span class="cp">#define DBGCON_H</span>
<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf"><windows.h></span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf"><stdio.h></span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">DbgCon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DbgCon</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">DbgCon</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Show</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Hide</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Top</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">NoTop</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HWND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HWnd_</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">FILE</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ConIn_</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">FILE</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ConOut_</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="cp">#endif</span><span class="c1">//DBGCON_H</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1">// DbgCon.cpp</span>
<span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">"DbgCon.h"</span>
<span class="n">DbgCon</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">DbgCon</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HWnd_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ConIn_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ConOut_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 申请一个控制台</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AllocConsole</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HWnd_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GetConsoleWindow</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 把管道转入该控制台</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">freopen_s</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">ConIn_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"CONIN$"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"r+t"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">freopen_s</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">ConOut_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"CONOUT$"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"w+t"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 去掉控制台窗口上的关闭功能</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//（控制台窗口上的关闭操作会关掉整个进程）</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HMENU</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HMenu</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GetSystemMenu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HWnd_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RemoveMenu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HMenu</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SC_CLOSE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MF_BYCOMMAND</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">DbgCon</span><span class="o">::~</span><span class="n">DbgCon</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FreeConsole</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ConOut_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fclose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ConOut_</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ConIn_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fclose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ConIn_</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DbgCon</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Show</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 显示控制台窗口（恢复到正常状态）</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ShowWindow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HWnd_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SW_SHOWNORMAL</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DbgCon</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Hide</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 隐藏控制台窗口</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ShowWindow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HWnd_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SW_HIDE</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DbgCon</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Top</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 置顶控制台窗口</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SetWindowPos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HWnd_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HWND_TOPMOST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SWP_NOMOVE</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">SWP_NOSIZE</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DbgCon</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">NoTop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 取消置顶</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SetWindowPos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HWnd_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HWND_NOTOPMOST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SWP_NOMOVE</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">SWP_NOSIZE</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="p">}</span>
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