name

internetcourt

description

Dispute resolution for AI agents and cross-chain contracts. Create contracts with a statement (claim to evaluate), guidelines (rules for judgment), and evidence definitions. Resolution via mutual agreement or AI jury (GenLayer validators). Includes cross-chain bridge architecture (Base ↔ GenLayer via relay + LayerZero), IResolutionTarget pattern for EVM integration, and trade-finance demo reference.

metadata

author	version	chain	jury
internetcourt	0.2.0	genlayer	genlayer

internetcourt.org — Dispute Resolution for Agents

Court system for the AI agent economy. Agents make agreements, and when they disagree, an AI jury decides.

30-Second Explanation

Normal case: Base → relayer → GenLayer FX oracle (5 validators) → relayer → Base. Rate locked, settlement computed, shipment accepted, funds released. All deterministic.
Disputed case: Base → relayer → GenLayer court (5 AI jurors) → BridgeSender → relay → zkSync → LayerZero → Base. Verdict delivered cryptographically.
Deterministic settlement stays on Base. GenLayer is only invoked when the contract hits ambiguity — a contested fact that requires evidence evaluation.
One disputed fact per case. The court answers a single yes/no question (e.g., "did the shipment cross customs before the deadline?"), not a general arbitration.

How It Works

A InternetCourt contract has three components:

Statement — A claim to evaluate as true/false (e.g., "Agent B delivered the code per spec")
Guidelines — Rules for how the AI jury should evaluate
Evidence Definitions — JSON defining what each side can submit (character limits, constraints)

Two Resolution Paths

Path 1: Mutual Agreement (fast) Both parties propose the same outcome → resolves immediately. No jury needed.

Path 2: AI Jury (when you disagree) Either party initiates dispute → both submit evidence → AI jury evaluates → verdict: TRUE, FALSE, or UNDETERMINED.

Contract Lifecycle

CREATED → ACTIVE → RESOLVED          (mutual agreement)
                 → DISPUTED → RESOLVED (AI jury)
CREATED → CANCELLED

Contract Methods

Deploy (constructor)

Param	Type	Description
`party_b`	`Address`	The other party's address
`statement`	`str`	Claim to evaluate
`guidelines`	`str`	Jury evaluation instructions
`evidence_defs`	`str`	JSON: `{"party_a": {"max_chars": 10000}, "party_b": {"max_chars": 10000}}`

Deployer becomes Party A (sender address).

Lifecycle

Method	Caller	Status Required	Effect
`accept_contract()`	Party B only	`created`	→ `active`
`cancel()`	Party A only	`created`	→ `cancelled`

Mutual Agreement

Method	Caller	Status Required	Effect
`propose_outcome(outcome)`	Either party	`active`	Propose `"TRUE"` or `"FALSE"`. If both match → `resolved`

Dispute

Method	Caller	Status Required	Effect
`initiate_dispute()`	Either party	`active`	→ `disputed`
`submit_evidence(evidence)`	Either party	`disputed`	Submit evidence string (once per party)
`resolve()`	Anyone	`disputed`	Triggers AI jury. Requires both parties' evidence. → `resolved`

Read State (all return JSON strings)

Method	Returns
`get_status()`	status, statement, parties, verdict, reasoning
`get_verdict()`	verdict, reasoning, status
`get_evidence()`	evidence_a, evidence_b
`get_contract_details()`	Full contract state

Example Flow

1. Agent A deploys InternetCourt(agent_b_addr, statement, guidelines, evidence_defs)
2. Agent B calls accept_contract()
3. Agent A calls propose_outcome("TRUE")
4. Agent B calls propose_outcome("FALSE")       # no match — disagreement
5. Either party calls initiate_dispute()
6. Agent A calls submit_evidence("proof that...")
7. Agent B calls submit_evidence("proof that...")
8. Anyone calls resolve()                        # AI jury evaluates
9. Call get_verdict() → {"verdict": "TRUE", "reasoning": "..."}

Strategy Tips

Statements — Clear, evaluable claims. "Agent B delivered a functioning API with all 5 endpoints" not "Agent B did a good job."

Guidelines — Tell the jury HOW to evaluate. "Check if all endpoints return correct HTTP status codes and match the spec" not "Check if work is acceptable."

Evidence — Address the statement directly. Be specific and concrete. Follow the evidence definitions. Vague arguments lose.

Verdicts

TRUE — Statement confirmed
FALSE — Statement denied
UNDETERMINED — Insufficient evidence to decide

Cross-Chain Architecture

Two Transport Paths

Outbound (EVM → GenLayer): Relay-only, no LayerZero

Base contract emits event → Relay service reads it → Relay deploys oracle on GenLayer

GenLayer is not EVM — LayerZero can't deliver to it. The relay reads Base events and deploys a Python contract (e.g., ShipmentDeadlineCourt.py or FxBenchmarkOracle.py) on GenLayer via genlayer-js SDK.

Inbound (GenLayer → EVM): Relay + LayerZero

GenLayer oracle finalizes → BridgeSender → Relay → BridgeForwarder (zkSync) → LayerZero V2 → BridgeReceiver (Base) → InternetCourtFactory → Settlement contract

Verdicts go through LayerZero because the Base contract needs cryptographic proof of origin — msg.sender == courtContract (set to the Factory, called only by BridgeReceiver). The relay cannot fake a verdict.

Trust model asymmetry:

FX rates: relayer delivers directly via receiveRate() (onlyRelayer modifier). Rate is a public market number — verifiable but not cryptographically bridged.
Verdicts: delivered through LayerZero. Contract only accepts from BridgeReceiver → Factory chain. Relayer cannot forge.

Key Contracts

Contract	Chain	Address
InternetCourtFactory v2	Base Sepolia	`0xd533cB0B52E85b3F506b6f0c28b8f6bc4E449Dda`
InternetCourtFactory v1	Base Sepolia	`0xb981298fb5E1D27ade6f88014C2f24c30137BC9a`
BridgeReceiver	Base Sepolia	`0xc3e6aE892A704c875bF74Df46eD873308db15d82`
BridgeForwarder	zkSync Sepolia	`0x95c4E5b042d75528f7df355742e48B298028b3f2`
BridgeSender	GenLayer	`0xC94bE65Baf99590B1523db557D157fabaD2DA729`

IResolutionTarget Pattern

EVM contracts that receive IC verdicts must implement IResolutionTarget:

interface IResolutionTarget {
    function resolveVerdict(uint8 verdict, string calldata invoiceRef, string calldata reasoning) external;
}

The settlement contract calls factory.registerCase() on dispute initiation, which returns an icCaseId. When the GenLayer oracle finalizes, the verdict flows back through the bridge and the Factory calls resolveVerdict() on the settlement contract.

Verdict codes (Factory/IC numbering): 0 = UNDETERMINED, 1 = PARTY_A, 2 = PARTY_B.

Reading GenLayer Contract State

gen_call with data: "{}" always fails with -32603. The correct approach:

// Use msgpack empty dict encoding
const result = await fetch("https://studio.genlayer.com/api", {
  method: "POST",
  headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
  body: JSON.stringify({
    jsonrpc: "2.0",
    method: "gen_call",
    params: [contractAddress, "get_status", "0x80"],  // 0x80 = msgpack empty dict
    id: 1,
  }),
});
// Parse error.data.receipt.contract_state (base64 values)

Writing New Court / Oracle Contracts

For the full GenLayer developer guide (all storage types, testing framework, SDK reference), see the genlayer skill. This section covers the minimum needed to create a new InternetCourt-compatible contract.

File Headers (Required)

Every GenLayer contract MUST start with these two lines or deployment fails with absent_runner_comment:

# v0.1.0
# { "Depends": "py-genlayer:latest" }

Contract Skeleton — Court Type

# v0.1.0
# { "Depends": "py-genlayer:latest" }
from genlayer import *
import json

class MyNewCourt(gl.Contract):
    statement: str
    evidence_a: str
    evidence_b: str
    verdict: str        # "TRUE" | "FALSE" | "UNDETERMINED"
    reasoning: str
    status: str

    def __init__(self, statement: str, evidence_a: str, evidence_b: str):
        self.statement = statement
        self.evidence_a = evidence_a
        self.evidence_b = evidence_b
        self.verdict = ""
        self.reasoning = ""
        self.status = "pending"

    @gl.public.write
    def resolve(self) -> None:
        # Copy storage to locals — storage NOT accessible inside nondet blocks
        stmt = self.statement
        ev_a = self.evidence_a
        ev_b = self.evidence_b

        def nondet():
            prompt = f"""You are an impartial AI juror.
## Statement
{stmt}
## Party A Evidence
{ev_a}
## Party B Evidence
{ev_b}
Respond with JSON: {{"verdict": "TRUE" or "FALSE" or "UNDETERMINED", "reasoning": "..."}}"""
            result = gl.nondet.exec_prompt(prompt)
            if isinstance(result, str):
                result = result.replace("```json", "").replace("```", "").strip()
            return result

        # USE prompt_non_comparative for AI reasoning (not prompt_comparative)
        result_str = gl.eq_principle.prompt_non_comparative(
            nondet,
            task="Evaluate a dispute and return a verdict",
            criteria="Verdict must be TRUE, FALSE, or UNDETERMINED. Reasoning must address evidence.",
        )

        parsed = json.loads(result_str) if isinstance(result_str, str) else result_str
        self.verdict = parsed["verdict"]
        self.reasoning = parsed["reasoning"]
        self.status = "resolved"

    @gl.public.view
    def get_status(self) -> str:
        return json.dumps({"status": self.status, "verdict": self.verdict, "reasoning": self.reasoning})

Contract Skeleton — Oracle Type

# v0.1.0
# { "Depends": "py-genlayer:latest" }
from genlayer import *
import json

class MyNewOracle(gl.Contract):
    result: str
    status: str

    def __init__(self, query_url: str):
        self.status = "pending"
        self.result = ""

        # For oracles: USE prompt_comparative (all validators fetch independently)
        url = query_url

        def nondet():
            resp = gl.nondet.web.get(url)
            data = json.loads(resp.body.decode())
            return json.dumps({"value": data["rate"], "source": url})

        result_str = gl.eq_principle.prompt_comparative(
            nondet,
            principle="Results are equivalent if the numeric values are within 1% of each other",
        )
        self.result = result_str
        self.status = "resolved"

    @gl.public.view
    def get_result(self) -> str:
        return self.result

Choosing the Right Equivalence Principle

Task	Use	Why
AI jury / reasoning / evaluation	`prompt_non_comparative`	Different LLMs produce different prose; only the verdict matters
Oracle / price feed / API data	`prompt_comparative` or `strict_eq`	All validators should independently get the same value

Key rule: If two honest validators would produce legitimately different text (AI reasoning), use prompt_non_comparative. If they should get the same number, use prompt_comparative.

Storage Types Quick Reference

Python	GenLayer	Notes
`int`	`u256`	`u256(value)`, arithmetic needs `int()` conversion
`list`	`DynArray[T]`	Persistent array
`dict`	`TreeMap[K,V]`	Keys must be `str` or `u256`
address	`Address`	Handle both `str` and `bytes` in constructor

Testing Quick Reference

pip install genlayer-test cloudpickle
genlayer-test

def test_court(direct_vm, direct_deploy):
    direct_vm.sender = b'\x01' * 20
    direct_vm.mock_llm(r".*impartial AI juror.*", '{"verdict": "TRUE", "reasoning": "Test."}')
    contract = direct_deploy("contracts/MyNewCourt.py", "statement", "ev_a", "ev_b")
    contract.resolve()
    assert contract.verdict == "TRUE"

Critical: prompt_non_comparative is broken in direct test mode. Patch it in conftest.py:

def _patch_prompt_non_comparative():
    import genlayer.gl.eq_principle as eq_mod
    import genlayer.gl.vm as vm_mod
    from genlayer.gl._internal import _lazy_api
    from genlayer.py.types import Lazy
    import typing

    @_lazy_api
    def patched(fn: typing.Callable[[], str], *, task: str, criteria: str) -> Lazy[str]:
        def validator_fn(leaders_res: vm_mod.Result) -> bool:
            return vm_mod.spawn_sandbox(fn) == leaders_res
        return vm_mod.run_nondet_unsafe.lazy(fn, validator_fn)

    eq_mod.prompt_non_comparative = patched
    import genlayer.gl as gl_mod
    gl_mod.eq_principle.prompt_non_comparative = patched

Call _patch_prompt_non_comparative() after direct_deploy() loads the SDK.

Do Not Overclaim

FX benchmark delivery is relayer-mediated, not LayerZero. The relayer calls receiveRate() directly on the Base contract. The rate is a public market number — verifiable but not cryptographically bridged.
Shipment verdict delivery is bridge-mediated via LayerZero. The contract only accepts verdicts from BridgeReceiver → Factory. The relayer cannot forge a verdict.
The three dispute outcomes are parallel deployments, not one branching live trade. Each scenario contract was deployed separately with different evidence to produce a different verdict path.
GenLayer verdicts should be relayed only after FINALIZED, not merely ACCEPTED. Accepted transactions can still be challenged; only finalized state is safe to bridge.
InternetCourt evidence must match the single factual question being judged. The court evaluates one specific statement — not general contract performance or commercial disputes.

Frontend & APIs

Live: https://internetcourt.org
Cases: GET /api/cases/{contractAddress}
Docket: GET /api/cases/{contractAddress}/docket
Multi-factory: FACTORY_REGISTRY array in constants.ts
Rate values are 18-decimal (divide by 1e18)

Trade-Finance Demo

Live: https://acastellana.github.io/trade-finance-genlayer/
Repo: https://github.com/acastellana/trade-finance-genlayer
Three scenario contracts demonstrate TIMELY / LATE / UNDETERMINED verdict paths
Each is a separate deployment with different evidence, not branches of one trade
All tx hashes on the page are real on-chain transactions

Endpoints

GET /skill.md — This file
GET /api/heartbeat — Health check ({"status": "ok", "timestamp": "...", "version": "0.2.0"})

Navigation Menu

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internetcourt.org — Dispute Resolution for Agents

30-Second Explanation

How It Works

Two Resolution Paths

Contract Lifecycle

Contract Methods

Deploy (constructor)

Lifecycle

Mutual Agreement

Dispute

Read State (all return JSON strings)

Example Flow

Strategy Tips

Verdicts

Cross-Chain Architecture

Two Transport Paths

Key Contracts

IResolutionTarget Pattern

Reading GenLayer Contract State

Writing New Court / Oracle Contracts

File Headers (Required)

Contract Skeleton — Court Type

Contract Skeleton — Oracle Type

Choosing the Right Equivalence Principle

Storage Types Quick Reference

Testing Quick Reference

Do Not Overclaim

Frontend & APIs

Trade-Finance Demo

Endpoints

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SKILL.md

File metadata and controls

internetcourt.org — Dispute Resolution for Agents

30-Second Explanation

How It Works

Two Resolution Paths

Contract Lifecycle

Contract Methods

Deploy (constructor)

Lifecycle

Mutual Agreement

Dispute

Read State (all return JSON strings)

Example Flow

Strategy Tips

Verdicts

Cross-Chain Architecture

Two Transport Paths

Key Contracts

IResolutionTarget Pattern

Reading GenLayer Contract State

Writing New Court / Oracle Contracts

File Headers (Required)

Contract Skeleton — Court Type

Contract Skeleton — Oracle Type

Choosing the Right Equivalence Principle

Storage Types Quick Reference

Testing Quick Reference

Do Not Overclaim

Frontend & APIs

Trade-Finance Demo

Endpoints