diff --git a/FormalConjectures/ErdosProblems/5.lean b/FormalConjectures/ErdosProblems/5.lean new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a667f6691 --- /dev/null +++ b/FormalConjectures/ErdosProblems/5.lean @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +/- +Copyright 2025 The Formal Conjectures Authors. + +Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); +you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. +You may obtain a copy of the License at + + https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 + +Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software +distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, +WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. +See the License for the specific language governing permissions and +limitations under the License. +-/ + +import FormalConjectures.Util.ProblemImports + +/-! +# Erdős Problem 5 + +*Reference:* [erdosproblems.com/5](https://www.erdosproblems.com/5) +-/ + +open Real Filter Function Set +open scoped Topology + +namespace erdos_5 + +/-- +There exists a strictly increasing sequence of indices (n_i) +such that the limit of $(p_{n_i+1} - p_{n_i}) / log p_{n_i}$ equals $\infty$, +where $p_k$ denotes the k-th prime number. + +**Note:** +This definition is equivalent to $(p_{n_i+1} - p_{n_i}) / log n_i$ +Since $p_n \sim n \log n$, then $\log n \sim \log p_n$ +-/ +@[category research solved, AMS 11] +theorem infinite_case : + ∃ p : ℕ → ℕ, StrictMono p ∧ (∀ n : ℕ, (p n).Prime) ∧ + Tendsto (fun i ↦ (p (i+1) - p i) / log (p i)) atTop atTop := by + sorry + +/-- +**The set of limit points of normalized prime gaps** +-/ +def limit_points : Set ℝ := + {x : ℝ | ∃ p : ℕ → ℕ, StrictMono p ∧ (∀ n : ℕ, (p n).Prime) ∧ + Tendsto (fun i ↦ (p (i+1) - p i) / log (p i)) atTop (𝓝 x) } + +/-- +For every nonnegative real number x, there exists a strictly increasing sequence of indices (n_i) +such that the limit of $(p_{n_i+1} - p_{n_i}) / log n_i$ equals $x$, +where $p_k$ denotes the k-th prime number. +-/ +@[category research open, AMS 11] +theorem finite_case : + {x : ℝ | 0 ≤ x} = limit_points := by + sorry + +/-- +`limit_points` is everywhere dense. +-/ +@[category research open, AMS 11] +theorem everywhere_dense : + {x : ℝ | 0 ≤ x} = closure limit_points := by + sorry + +/-- +At least 1/3 of positive real numbers are in the set of `limit_points` ($S$). +More precisely, the Lebesque measure of $S ∩ [0, c]$ is at least $c/3$. + +[Me20] Merikoski, J. (2020) Limit points of normalized prime gaps. +-/ +@[category research solved, AMS 11] +theorem contains_at_least_1_3 (c : ℝ) (hc : 0 ≤ c) : + MeasureTheory.volume (limit_points ∩ Icc 0 c) > ENNReal.ofReal (c / 3) := by + sorry + +/-- +There exists some constant $c$ such that $[0,c] \subset S$, where $S$ is `limit_points`. + +[Pi16] Pintz, J. (2016) Polignac Numbers, Conjectures of Erdős on Gaps between +Primes, Arithmetic Progressions in Primes, and the Bounded Gap Conjecture. +-/ +@[category research solved, AMS 11] +theorem contains_interval : + ∃ (c : ℝ) (hc : 0 < c), {x : ℝ | 0 ≤ x ∧ x ≤ c} ⊆ limit_points := by + sorry + +end erdos_5