diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 3d19b0dd6dd..e7292f0713a 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@
 * [BUGFIX] Query-frontend: Fix silent panic when executing a remote read API request if the request has no matchers. #13745
 * [BUGFIX] Ruler: Fixed `-ruler.max-rule-groups-per-tenant-by-namespace` to only count rule groups in the specified namespace instead of all namespaces. #13743
 * [BUGFIX] Query-frontend: Fix race condition that could sometimes cause unnecessary resharding of queriers if querier shuffle sharding and remote execution is enabled. #13794 #13838
+* [BUGFIX] MQE: Map remote execution storage errors correctly. #13949
 
 ### Mixin
 
diff --git a/pkg/querier/dispatcher.go b/pkg/querier/dispatcher.go
index b70bf16266d..2ab7e194e9e 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/dispatcher.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/dispatcher.go
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ var errNoNodesInRequest = errors.New("request contains no nodes to evaluate")
 
 type Dispatcher struct {
 	engine    *streamingpromql.Engine
-	queryable storage.Queryable
+	queryable storage.SampleAndChunkQueryable
 	extractor propagation.Extractor
 	logger    log.Logger
 
@@ -63,7 +63,9 @@ type Dispatcher struct {
 	timeNow func() time.Time
 }
 
-func NewDispatcher(engine *streamingpromql.Engine, queryable storage.Queryable, querierMetrics *RequestMetrics, serverMetrics *server.Metrics, extractor propagation.Extractor, logger log.Logger) *Dispatcher {
+func NewDispatcher(engine *streamingpromql.Engine, queryable storage.SampleAndChunkQueryable, querierMetrics *RequestMetrics, serverMetrics *server.Metrics, extractor propagation.Extractor, logger log.Logger) *Dispatcher {
+	queryable = NewErrorTranslateSampleAndChunkQueryable(queryable)
+
 	return &Dispatcher{
 		engine:         engine,
 		queryable:      queryable,
diff --git a/pkg/querier/dispatcher_test.go b/pkg/querier/dispatcher_test.go
index 543745a126c..19f466fb284 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/dispatcher_test.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/dispatcher_test.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
 	prototypes "github.com/gogo/protobuf/types"
+	"github.com/grafana/dskit/ring"
 	"github.com/grafana/dskit/server"
 	"github.com/grafana/dskit/user"
 	"github.com/grafana/regexp"
@@ -1501,3 +1502,112 @@ func newRangeVectorStepDataMessage(data querierpb.EvaluateQueryResponseRangeVect
 		},
 	}
 }
+
+func TestDispatcher_RingErrorTranslation(t *testing.T) {
+	opts := streamingpromql.NewTestEngineOpts()
+	opts.Pedantic = true
+	planner, err := streamingpromql.NewQueryPlanner(opts, streamingpromql.NewMaximumSupportedVersionQueryPlanVersionProvider())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	engine, err := streamingpromql.NewEngine(opts, streamingpromql.NewStaticQueryLimitsProvider(0), stats.NewQueryMetrics(nil), planner)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	startT := timestamp.Time(0)
+
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		storageError         error
+		expectedErrorMessage string
+		expectedErrorType    mimirpb.QueryErrorType
+	}{
+		"ring error - too many unhealthy instances": {
+			storageError:         ring.ErrTooManyUnhealthyInstances,
+			expectedErrorMessage: "too many unhealthy instances in the ring",
+			expectedErrorType:    mimirpb.QUERY_ERROR_TYPE_INTERNAL,
+		},
+		"ring error - too many unhealthy instances (wrapped)": {
+			storageError:         fmt.Errorf("partition 1: %w", ring.ErrTooManyUnhealthyInstances),
+			expectedErrorMessage: "partition 1: too many unhealthy instances in the ring",
+			expectedErrorType:    mimirpb.QUERY_ERROR_TYPE_INTERNAL,
+		},
+		"ring error - empty ring": {
+			storageError:         ring.ErrEmptyRing,
+			expectedErrorMessage: "empty ring",
+			expectedErrorType:    mimirpb.QUERY_ERROR_TYPE_INTERNAL,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tenantID := "tenant-1"
+			ctx := user.InjectOrgID(context.Background(), tenantID)
+			_, ctx = stats.ContextWithEmptyStats(ctx)
+
+			errorStorage := &errorReturningStorage{err: testCase.storageError}
+
+			plan, err := planner.NewQueryPlan(context.Background(), `my_series`, types.NewInstantQueryTimeRange(startT), streamingpromql.NoopPlanningObserver{})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			encodedPlan, nodeIndices, err := plan.ToEncodedPlan(false, true, plan.Root)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			body := &querierpb.EvaluateQueryRequest{
+				Plan: *encodedPlan,
+				Nodes: []querierpb.EvaluationNode{
+					{
+						TimeRange: encodedPlan.TimeRange,
+						NodeIndex: nodeIndices[0],
+					},
+				},
+				BatchSize: 1,
+			}
+
+			req, err := prototypes.MarshalAny(body)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			route, err := prototypes.AnyMessageName(req)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			reg, requestMetrics, serverMetrics := newMetrics()
+			stream := &mockQueryResultStream{t: t, route: route, reg: reg}
+			dispatcher := NewDispatcher(engine, errorStorage, requestMetrics, serverMetrics, &propagation.NoopExtractor{}, opts.Logger)
+
+			dispatcher.HandleProtobuf(ctx, req, propagation.MapCarrier{}, stream)
+
+			require.Len(t, stream.messages, 1)
+			require.NotNil(t, stream.messages[0].GetError())
+			require.Equal(t, testCase.expectedErrorType, stream.messages[0].GetError().Type)
+			require.Contains(t, stream.messages[0].GetError().Message, testCase.expectedErrorMessage)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type errorReturningStorage struct {
+	err error
+}
+
+func (e *errorReturningStorage) Querier(mint, maxt int64) (storage.Querier, error) {
+	return &errorReturningQuerier{err: e.err}, nil
+}
+
+func (e *errorReturningStorage) ChunkQuerier(mint, maxt int64) (storage.ChunkQuerier, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("chunk querier not supported")
+}
+
+type errorReturningQuerier struct {
+	err error
+}
+
+func (e *errorReturningQuerier) Select(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *storage.SelectHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) storage.SeriesSet {
+	return storage.ErrSeriesSet(e.err)
+}
+
+func (e *errorReturningQuerier) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, name string, hints *storage.LabelHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	return nil, nil, e.err
+}
+
+func (e *errorReturningQuerier) LabelNames(ctx context.Context, hints *storage.LabelHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	return nil, nil, e.err
+}
+
+func (e *errorReturningQuerier) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}