diff --git a/packages/react-server/examples/basic/package.json b/packages/react-server/examples/basic/package.json
index 477d17b1c..30c337974 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/examples/basic/package.json
+++ b/packages/react-server/examples/basic/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "vite dev",
-    "build": "vite build",
+    "build": "vite build --ssr",
     "preview": "vite preview",
     "test-e2e": "playwright test",
     "test-e2e-preview": "E2E_PREVIEW=1 playwright test",
diff --git a/packages/react-server/examples/starter/package.json b/packages/react-server/examples/starter/package.json
index 95ba2d191..be3852637 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/examples/starter/package.json
+++ b/packages/react-server/examples/starter/package.json
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "vite dev",
-    "build": "vite build",
+    "build": "vite build --ssr",
     "preview": "vite preview",
     "cf-build": "SSR_ENTRY=/src/adapters/cloudflare-workers.ts pnpm build && bash misc/cloudflare-workers/build.sh",
     "cf-preview": "cd misc/cloudflare-workers && wrangler dev",
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/features/router/plugin.ts b/packages/react-server/src/features/router/plugin.ts
index 7f865f55c..8977f3770 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/features/router/plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/features/router/plugin.ts
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ export function routeManifestPluginClient({
           }
           const routeToAssetDeps = objectMapValues(
             manager.routeToClientReferences,
-            // facade module might not exist when dynamic import is also imported statically
+            // facade module might not exist when dynamic import is also imported statically?
             (ids) =>
               mergeAssetDeps(
                 ids.map((id) => facadeModuleDeps[id]).filter(typedBoolean),
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/features/server-action/plugin.tsx b/packages/react-server/src/features/server-action/plugin.tsx
index 5ce663cf3..8745e6250 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/features/server-action/plugin.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/features/server-action/plugin.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { createDebug, tinyassert } from "@hiogawa/utils";
 import { type Plugin, type PluginOption, parseAstAsync } from "vite";
 import type { PluginStateManager } from "../../plugin";
 import {
+  type CustomModuleMeta,
   USE_SERVER,
   createVirtualPlugin,
   hashString,
@@ -56,7 +57,15 @@ const $$proxy = (id, name) => createServerReference(id + "#" + name);
         id,
         outCode: output.toString(),
       });
-      return { code: output.toString(), map: output.generateMap() };
+      return {
+        code: output.toString(),
+        map: output.generateMap(),
+        meta: {
+          $$rsc: {
+            type: "server",
+          },
+        } satisfies CustomModuleMeta,
+      };
     },
   };
 }
@@ -100,10 +109,44 @@ export function vitePluginServerUseServer({
           id,
           outCode: output.toString(),
         });
-        return { code: output.toString(), map: output.generateMap() };
+        if (manager.buildType === "rsc") {
+          manager.serverReferenceMap[id] = this.emitFile({
+            type: "chunk",
+            id,
+          });
+        }
+        return {
+          code: output.toString(),
+          map: output.generateMap(),
+          meta: {
+            $$rsc: {
+              type: "server",
+            },
+          } satisfies CustomModuleMeta,
+        };
       }
       return;
     },
+    generateBundle(_options, bundle) {
+      if (manager.buildType === "rsc") {
+        let result = `export default {\n`;
+        for (const [id, refId] of Object.entries(manager.serverReferenceMap)) {
+          const fileName = this.getFileName(refId);
+          result += `  "${hashString(id)}": () => import("../${fileName}"),\n`;
+        }
+        result += "};\n";
+        for (const [_k, v] of Object.entries(bundle)) {
+          if (
+            v.type === "chunk" &&
+            v.facadeModuleId === "\0virtual:server-references"
+          ) {
+            // TODO: how to content hash?
+            // server reference virtual is fine, but it's critical for client reference
+            v.code = result;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
   };
 
   // expose server references for RSC build via virtual module
@@ -112,6 +155,9 @@ export function vitePluginServerUseServer({
       return `export default {}`;
     }
     tinyassert(manager.buildType === "rsc");
+    if (1) {
+      return `export default "** PLACEHOLDER **"`;
+    }
     let result = `export default {\n`;
     for (const id of manager.rscUseServerIds) {
       let key = manager.buildType ? hashString(id) : id;
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/plugin/index.ts b/packages/react-server/src/plugin/index.ts
index a5d6a9c12..01b6778a6 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/plugin/index.ts
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/plugin/index.ts
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ class PluginStateManager {
 
   routeToClientReferences: Record<string, string[]> = {};
   routeManifest?: RouteManifest;
+  serverReferenceMap: Record<string, string> = {};
 
   // expose "use client" node modules to client via virtual modules
   // to avoid dual package due to deps optimization hash during dev
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ export function vitePluginReactServer(options?: {
     },
   };
 
-  // orchestrate four builds from a single vite (browser) build
+  // orchestrate four builds from a single vite (ssr) build
   const buildOrchestrationPlugin: Plugin = {
     name: vitePluginReactServer.name + ":build",
     apply: "build",
@@ -306,24 +307,18 @@ export function vitePluginReactServer(options?: {
         console.log("▶▶▶ REACT SERVER BUILD (scan) [1/4]");
         manager.buildType = "scan";
         await build(reactServerViteConfig);
+
         console.log("▶▶▶ REACT SERVER BUILD (server) [2/4]");
         manager.buildType = "rsc";
         manager.rscUseClientIds.clear();
         await build(reactServerViteConfig);
+
         console.log("▶▶▶ REACT SERVER BUILD (browser) [3/4]");
         manager.buildType = "client";
-      }
-    },
-    async closeBundle() {
-      // TODO: build ssr only when client build succeeds
-      if (manager.buildType === "client") {
+        await build();
+
         console.log("▶▶▶ REACT SERVER BUILD (ssr) [4/4]");
         manager.buildType = "ssr";
-        await build({
-          build: {
-            ssr: true,
-          },
-        });
       }
     },
   };
diff --git a/packages/react-server/src/plugin/utils.tsx b/packages/react-server/src/plugin/utils.tsx
index e9a25655a..9910e3ea3 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/src/plugin/utils.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-server/src/plugin/utils.tsx
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export function invalidateModule(server: ViteDevServer, id: string) {
 // cf. https://github.com/vercel/next.js/blob/5ae286ffd664e5c76841ed64f6e2da85a0835922/packages/next/src/build/webpack/loaders/get-module-build-info.ts#L8
 export type CustomModuleMeta = {
   $$rsc?: {
-    type: "client";
+    type: "client" | "server";
   };
 };