seminario1/06. Bucles.ipynb

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    "[![Julia](../img/julia-logo-color.png)](https://julialang.org/)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Seminario. Introducción al lenguaje Julia"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 6. Bucles"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Objetivos"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- Bucle ```While```\n",
    "- Bucle ```For```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Bucle while"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "La sintaxis del bucle iterativo ```while``` es\n",
    "```julia\n",
    "    while *condition*\n",
    "        *cuerpo bucle*\n",
    "    end\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Veamos algunos ejemplos:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "n = 0\n",
    "while n < 10\n",
    "    n += 1     # n = n + 1\n",
    "    println(n)\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "amigos = [\"Miguel\", \"Lola\", \"Pepe\", \"Rosa\"]\n",
    "i = 1\n",
    "while i <= length(amigos)\n",
    "    amigo = amigos[i]\n",
    "    println(\"Hola $amigo, me alegro de verte\")\n",
    "    i += 1\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Bucle for"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "La sintaxis del bucle iterativo ```for``` es\n",
    "```julia\n",
    "    for *var* in *iterable*\n",
    "        *cuerpo bucle*\n",
    "    end\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "amigos = [\"Miguel\", \"Lola\", \"Pepe\", \"Rosa\"]\n",
    "for amigo in amigos\n",
    "    println(\"Hola $amigo, me alegro de verte\")\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Veamos el primer ejemplo anterior\n",
    "for n in 1:10\n",
    "    println(n)\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Vamos a rellenar algunas matrices con el bucle ```for```,"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "m, n = 5, 5\n",
    "A = fill(0,m,n)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in 1:m\n",
    "    for j in 1:n\n",
    "        A[i,j] = i + j\n",
    "    end\n",
    "end\n",
    "A"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "B = fill(0,m,n)\n",
    "for i in 1:m, j in 1:n\n",
    "        B[i,j] = i + j\n",
    "end\n",
    "B"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Todavía hay una tercera opción\n",
    "C = [i + j for i in 1:m, j in 1:n]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Ejercicios"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**1.** Crear un vector que contenga los cuadrados de los números del 1 al 100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   "source": [
    "**2.** Escribir un bucle que cree un _diccionario_, ```cuadrados``` que almacene los enteros del 1 al 100 y sus cuadrados, de manera que\n",
    "```julia\n",
    "    cuadrados[\"10\"] = 100\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
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     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Dict{Any,Any}()"
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     "execution_count": 4,
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   "source": [
    "cuadrados = Dict()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in 1:100\n",
    "    cuadrados[i] = i^2\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Dict{Any,Any} with 100 entries:\n",
       "  68 => 4624\n",
       "  2  => 4\n",
       "  89 => 7921\n",
       "  11 => 121\n",
       "  39 => 1521\n",
       "  46 => 2116\n",
       "  85 => 7225\n",
       "  25 => 625\n",
       "  55 => 3025\n",
       "  42 => 1764\n",
       "  29 => 841\n",
       "  58 => 3364\n",
       "  66 => 4356\n",
       "  59 => 3481\n",
       "  8  => 64\n",
       "  74 => 5476\n",
       "  95 => 9025\n",
       "  57 => 3249\n",
       "  20 => 400\n",
       "  90 => 8100\n",
       "  14 => 196\n",
       "  31 => 961\n",
       "  78 => 6084\n",
       "  70 => 4900\n",
       "  33 => 1089\n",
       "  ⋮  => ⋮"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "cuadrados"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
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   "source": []
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