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beautifulsoup-cheat-sheet.html
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<div id="toc"><ul><li><a class="toc-href" href="#" title="BeautifulSoup 筆記">BeautifulSoup 筆記</a><ul><li><a class="toc-href" href="#安裝" title="安裝">安裝</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#下載一個網頁並爬出特定內容" title="下載一個網頁並爬出特定內容">下載一個網頁並爬出特定內容</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#找出特定-HTML-物件" title="找出特定 HTML 物件">找出特定 HTML 物件</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#設定新屬性-/-class" title="設定新屬性 / class">設定新屬性 / class</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#Iterate-標籤裡頭的子標籤" title="Iterate 標籤裡頭的子標籤">Iterate 標籤裡頭的子標籤</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#移除標籤" title="移除標籤">移除標籤</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#建立新標籤" title="建立新標籤">建立新標籤</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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BeautifulSoup 筆記
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<p>Beautifulsoup 是一個可以幫助我們 parse HTML 的 lib, 這篇主要紀錄使用 beautifulsoup 時常用的指令。</p>
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<h2 id="安裝">安裝<a class="anchor-link" href="#安裝">¶</a></h2>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>pip<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>beautifulsoup4
</pre></div>
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<h2 id="下載一個網頁並爬出特定內容">下載一個網頁並爬出特定內容<a class="anchor-link" href="#下載一個網頁並爬出特定內容">¶</a></h2><p>這邊假設我們想要把維基百科上的<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1#cite_note-taiwan-4">「國家區域代碼」</a>的表格爬下來，並轉成一個 Pandas 的 Dataframe：</p>
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<p>取得某個頁面的 HTML 字串</p>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">urllib</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bs4</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BeautifulSoup</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pandas</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">pd</span>
<span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">urllib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">urlopen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/ISO_3166-1"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">soup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">BeautifulSoup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'html.parser'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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<p>利用 class 從該 HTML 裡取得特定表格</p>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">soup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'table'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'wikitable sortable'</span><span class="p">})</span>
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<p>產生欄位名稱</p>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">th</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">th</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'tr'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'th'</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="n">columns</span>
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<pre>['英文短名稱', '二位代碼', '三位代碼', '數字代碼', 'ISO 3166-2', '中文名稱', '獨立主權']</pre>
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<p>產生每個國家的對應資料</p>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">trs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'tr'</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
<span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">tr</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">trs</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">rows</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">td</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\xa0</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">td</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">tr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'td'</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<pre>[['Afghanistan', 'AF', 'AFG', '004', 'ISO 3166-2:AF', '阿富汗', '是'],
['Åland Islands', 'AX', 'ALA', '248', 'ISO 3166-2:AX', '奧蘭', '否'],
['Albania', 'AL', 'ALB', '008', 'ISO 3166-2:AL', '阿爾巴尼亞', '是'],
['Algeria', 'DZ', 'DZA', '012', 'ISO 3166-2:DZ', '阿爾及利亞', '是'],
['American Samoa', 'AS', 'ASM', '016', 'ISO 3166-2:AS', '美屬薩摩亞', '否']]</pre>
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<p>產生 Dataframe</p>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">df</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DataFrame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">columns</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">columns</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<style scoped="">
.dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {
vertical-align: middle;
}
.dataframe tbody tr th {
vertical-align: top;
}
.dataframe thead th {
text-align: right;
}
</style>
<table border="1" class="dataframe table table-striped table-responsive">
<thead>
<tr style="text-align: right;">
<th></th>
<th>英文短名稱</th>
<th>二位代碼</th>
<th>三位代碼</th>
<th>數字代碼</th>
<th>ISO 3166-2</th>
<th>中文名稱</th>
<th>獨立主權</th>
</tr>
</thead>
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<tr>
<th>0</th>
<td>Afghanistan</td>
<td>AF</td>
<td>AFG</td>
<td>004</td>
<td>ISO 3166-2:AF</td>
<td>阿富汗</td>
<td>是</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>1</th>
<td>Åland Islands</td>
<td>AX</td>
<td>ALA</td>
<td>248</td>
<td>ISO 3166-2:AX</td>
<td>奧蘭</td>
<td>否</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2</th>
<td>Albania</td>
<td>AL</td>
<td>ALB</td>
<td>008</td>
<td>ISO 3166-2:AL</td>
<td>阿爾巴尼亞</td>
<td>是</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3</th>
<td>Algeria</td>
<td>DZ</td>
<td>DZA</td>
<td>012</td>
<td>ISO 3166-2:DZ</td>
<td>阿爾及利亞</td>
<td>是</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4</th>
<td>American Samoa</td>
<td>AS</td>
<td>ASM</td>
<td>016</td>
<td>ISO 3166-2:AS</td>
<td>美屬薩摩亞</td>
<td>否</td>
</tr>
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<h2 id="找出特定-HTML-物件">找出特定 HTML 物件<a class="anchor-link" href="#找出特定-HTML-物件">¶</a></h2>
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<p>假設我們有一個字串代表一個表格：</p>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"""<div><table border="1" class="dataframe"><thead><tr style="text-align:right;"><th></th><th>x</th><th>y</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>0</th><td>-2.863752</td><td>-1.066424</td></tr><tr><th>1</th><td>-0.779238</td><td>0.862169</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"""</span>
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<p>渲染成 HTML:</p>
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<table border="1" class="dataframe table table-striped table-responsive">
<thead>
<tr style="text-align: right;">
<th></th>
<th>x</th>
<th>y</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>0</th>
<td>-2.863752</td>
<td>-1.066424</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>1</th>
<td>-0.779238</td>
<td>0.862169</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<p>實際 HTML 架構：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">table</span> <span class="na">border</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"1"</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"dataframe"</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">thead</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">tr</span> <span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"text-align: right;"</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">th</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">th</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">th</span><span class="p">></span>x<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">th</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">th</span><span class="p">></span>y<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">th</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">thead</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">tbody</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">th</span><span class="p">></span>0<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">th</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>-2.863752<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>-1.066424<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">th</span><span class="p">></span>1<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">th</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>-0.779238<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>0.862169<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">tbody</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">table</span><span class="p">></span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
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<p>利用 <code>BeautifulSoup</code> 物件 parse HTML:</p>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bs4</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BeautifulSoup</span>
<span class="n">soup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">BeautifulSoup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'html.parser'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">soup</span>
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<pre><div><table border="1" class="dataframe"><thead><tr style="text-align:right;"><th></th><th>x</th><th>y</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>0</th><td>-2.863752</td><td>-1.066424</td></tr><tr><th>1</th><td>-0.779238</td><td>0.862169</td></tr></tbody></table></div></pre>
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<p>找到第一個符合條件的 <code>table</code> 標籤</p>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">soup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'table'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'dataframe'</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="n">table</span>
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<pre><table border="1" class="dataframe"><thead><tr style="text-align:right;"><th></th><th>x</th><th>y</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>0</th><td>-2.863752</td><td>-1.066424</td></tr><tr><th>1</th><td>-0.779238</td><td>0.862169</td></tr></tbody></table></pre>
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<h2 id="設定新屬性-/-class">設定新屬性 / class<a class="anchor-link" href="#設定新屬性-/-class">¶</a></h2>
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<p>因為這時候我們取出來的 <code>table</code> 物件是 reference 到 soup 裡頭對應的物件, 只要直接改變對應的 attr 就會直接反映結果到 <code>soup</code> 物件:</p>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'table'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'table-striped'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'table-responsive'</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">soup</span>
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<pre><div><table border="1" class="dataframe table table-striped table-responsive"><thead><tr style="text-align:right;"><th></th><th>x</th><th>y</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>0</th><td>-2.863752</td><td>-1.066424</td></tr><tr><th>1</th><td>-0.779238</td><td>0.862169</td></tr></tbody></table></div></pre>
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<h2 id="Iterate-標籤裡頭的子標籤">Iterate 標籤裡頭的子標籤<a class="anchor-link" href="#Iterate-標籤裡頭的子標籤">¶</a></h2>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">children</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1"> in </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<pre>thead in table
tbody in table
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<h2 id="移除標籤">移除標籤<a class="anchor-link" href="#移除標籤">¶</a></h2>
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<p>這邊假設我們要移除表格裡頭第一行的值 ( 第2個 <code>tr</code> 標籤 ), 可以對要移除的標籤物件使用 <code>extract()</code> func.</p>
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<table border="1" class="dataframe table table-striped table-responsive">
<thead>
<tr style="text-align: right;">
<th></th>
<th>x</th>
<th>y</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>0</th>
<td>-2.863752</td>
<td>-1.066424</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>1</th>
<td>-0.779238</td>
<td>0.862169</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tr</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">findAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'tr'</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">tr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extract</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<table border="1" class="dataframe table table-striped table-responsive">
<thead>
<tr style="text-align: right;">
<th></th>
<th>x</th>
<th>y</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>1</th>
<td>-0.779238</td>
<td>0.862169</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<h2 id="建立新標籤">建立新標籤<a class="anchor-link" href="#建立新標籤">¶</a></h2>
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<p>假設我們想要建立一個新的 <code>blockquote</code> 標籤，並加入一些文字：</p>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'I love BeautifulSoup!'</span>
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<div class="highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">blockquote</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">soup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new_tag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blockquote'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">blockquote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">blockquote</span>
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<pre><blockquote>I love BeautifulSoup!</blockquote></pre>
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