feat(conversation): add microcomputer notes

Author: lzwjava

Diff for: notes/2025-04-14-microcomputer-outline-en.md

@@ -7,66 +7,101 @@ translated: false
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-Sure! Here's an outline in English for course **04732 – Microcomputer and Interface Technology** from the Guangdong Self-study Examination System. This course is a core subject in the Computer Application Technology major.
+Here is an English version of the **"Microcomputer and Interface Technology"** course outline, likely based on the syllabus by **Professor Yang Quansheng** (note: actual content may vary depending on the institution's curriculum):
 
 ---
 
-### **Course Title:**  
-**Microcomputer and Interface Technology**  
-**Course Code:** 04732  
-
-### **Course Overview:**  
-This course introduces the fundamental principles of microcomputers, including CPU architecture, memory systems, input/output (I/O) mechanisms, bus systems, and interface technologies. It emphasizes both theoretical knowledge and practical application in designing and understanding microcomputer systems.
+### **Microcomputer and Interface Technology**  
+**Instructor:** Yang Quansheng  
+**Target Majors:** Computer Science, Electronic Engineering, Automation, etc.  
 
 ---
 
-### **Course Outline:**
-
-#### 1. **Introduction to Microcomputers**
-   - Components and architecture of a microcomputer
-   - Basic operation principles
-   - Data representation and processing
+#### **1. Course Objectives**  
+1. Master the basic architecture and working principles of microcomputer systems.  
+2. Understand interface technologies between the CPU and peripheral devices, as well as data transfer methods.  
+3. Apply common interface chips (e.g., 8255, 8253, 8251) in hardware design.  
+4. Develop assembly language programming skills and interface debugging techniques.  
 
-#### 2. **Central Processing Unit (CPU)**
-   - Structure and functions of the CPU
-   - Instruction set architecture
-   - Addressing modes
-   - Control unit design
+---
 
-#### 3. **Memory System**
-   - Types of memory (RAM, ROM, cache)
-   - Memory hierarchy and access techniques
-   - Memory addressing and decoding
+#### **2. Course Content**  
+**Part 1: Fundamentals of Microcomputers**  
+1. Overview of Microcomputer Systems  
+   - Evolution, Von Neumann architecture  
+   - Key performance metrics (word length, clock speed, memory capacity)  
+2. Microprocessor (CPU) Structure  
+   - 8086/8088 internal registers  
+   - Bus cycles and timing analysis  
+
+**Part 2: Assembly Language Programming**  
+1. 8086 Instruction Set  
+   - Data transfer, arithmetic, and logic instructions  
+   - Control flow instructions (jumps, loops, subroutines)  
+2. Assembly Language Programming  
+   - Sequential/branch/loop structures  
+   - Interrupt service routines  
+
+**Part 3: Memory Systems**  
+1. Memory Classification and Expansion  
+   - RAM/ROM working principles  
+   - Address decoding techniques (linear selection, decoder-based)  
+
+**Part 4: I/O and Interface Technology**  
+1. Basics of I/O Interfaces  
+   - Port addressing (memory-mapped vs. isolated I/O)  
+   - Data transfer modes (program-controlled, interrupt-driven, DMA)  
+2. Interrupt Systems  
+   - Interrupt vector table, priority handling  
+   - Applications of the 8259A interrupt controller  
+3. Common Interface Chips  
+   - **8255A Parallel Interface**: Modes (0/1/2) and applications  
+   - **8253/8254 Timer**: Counting/timing configurations  
+   - **8251A Serial Interface**: Synchronous/asynchronous protocols  
+
+**Part 5: Buses and Expansion**  
+1. System Bus Standards  
+   - ISA, PCI bus overview  
+2. Modern Interface Technologies  
+   - USB, SPI, I²C brief introduction  
 
-#### 4. **Input/Output System**
-   - I/O methods: programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, and DMA (Direct Memory Access)
-   - Interrupt system and priority handling
-   - I/O ports and data transfer techniques
+---
 
-#### 5. **Bus System**
-   - Types of system buses: data bus, address bus, control bus
-   - Bus arbitration and control methods
-   - Timing and synchronization
+#### **3. Labs and Practical Sessions**  
+1. **Basic Labs**  
+   - Assembly programming (e.g., keyboard input/display output)  
+   - 8255A-controlled LED/keyboard experiments  
+2. **Comprehensive Labs**  
+   - Interrupt-based traffic light control system  
+   - Serial communication (data transmission/reception)  
 
-#### 6. **Interface Technology**
-   - Common interface standards: serial (RS-232), parallel, USB, etc.
-   - Interface circuits and devices
-   - Interface programming basics
+---
 
-#### 7. **System Integration and Applications**
-   - Designing microcomputer-based systems
-   - Integration of peripherals
-   - Application examples and case studies
+#### **4. Assessment**  
+1. **Theory Exam (60%)**: Closed-book, covering interface principles and design analysis.  
+2. **Lab Evaluation (30%)**: Hands-on experiments and reports.  
+3. **Participation (10%)**: Assignments and class engagement.  
 
 ---
 
-### **Study Recommendations:**
+#### **5. Reference Materials**  
+1. **Primary Textbook**:  
+   *Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology* (Yang Quansheng, if applicable)  
+2. **Supplementary Texts**:  
+   - *Microcomputer Principles and Interfaces* (Zhou Heqin, Feng Huanqing)  
+   - *The Intel Microprocessors* (Barry B. Brey)  
 
-- **Textbooks and Study Guides:** Use official self-study materials and reference books aligned with the syllabus.
-- **Past Exam Papers:** Practice with previous years’ exam questions (especially from 2020–2024) to familiarize yourself with question types and key topics.
-- **Online Courses:** Consider video lectures and tutorials on platforms like Bilibili or Chinese MOOC platforms, which often offer targeted review lessons for 04732.
-- **Hands-on Practice:** Try out microcontroller programming or simulate circuit interfaces using software like Proteus or Multisim.
+---
+
+#### **6. Prerequisites**  
+- Digital Logic Circuits  
+- Computer Organization  
+- C Programming  
 
 ---
 
-Would you like me to find the official textbook or provide a study plan based on this outline?
+**Note:** The actual syllabus may be adjusted by the instructor. For the latest version, consult the official course materials or contact the teaching team.  
+
+--- 
+
+Let me know if you need further details (e.g., specific chip specifications or programming examples)!