In this section, you will access various APIs with Python and even create your own APIs
get a free News API following the steps below:
\1. You go to https://newsapi.org/
Representation State Transfer Application Process Interface
an API is a way for two applications to communicate, like HTML web pages are for people to communicate clearly with each oter, API is for apps to communicate clearly with each other
json is the usual format served by APIs
use the requests module
import requests
r = requests.get()
with the url, it will print the unformatted json
import requests
r = requests.get('https://newsapi.org/v2/everything?qInTitle=stock%20market&from=2022-6-27&to=2022-6-28&sortBy=popularity&language=en&apiKey=890603a55bfa47048e4490069ebee18c')
content = r.json()
print(content)
you can get individual keys with
it's actually a dictionary, but only 3 keys
# print(content)
print(type(content))
print(len(content))
$ python local/04-21_rest_api.py
<class 'dict'>
3
getting individual keys
print(type(content))
print('dictionary len is: ', len(content))
print('status is: ', content['status'])
print('total results is: ', content['totalResults'])
$ python local/04-21_rest_api.py
<class 'dict'>
dictionary len is: 3
status is: ok
total results is: 181
get the title of the first article
# get the title of the first article
print(content['articles'][0]['title'])
$ python local/04-21_rest_api.py
<class 'dict'>
dictionary len is: 3
status is: ok
total results is: 181
Sterling rises against dollar as stock market rallies - Reuters.com
your python application is communicating through url parameters
r = requests.get('https://newsapi.org/v2/everything?qInTitle=stock%20market&from=2022-6-27&to=2022-6-28&sortBy=popularity&language=en&apiKey=890603a55bfa47048e4490069ebee18c')
# this ^ url has parameters that are used to filter the results and can be modified, e.g. to get united states news instead of 'stock market':
# https://newsapi.org/v2/everything?qInTitle=united%20states&from=2022-6-27&to=2022-6-28&sortBy=popularity&language=en&apiKey=890603a55bfa47048e4490069ebee18c
content = r.json()
r is a request object
if you apply the .json() method to that object, that's what converts it to a dictionary
print all the article titles:
# print all the article titles
articles = content['articles']
print(type(articles))
for article in articles:
print(article['title'])
additional article info:
for article in articles:
print("> Title: ", article['title'])
print(" Description: ", article['description'])
print(" URL: ", article['url'])
use f'string' to construct string urls:
# we want the user to define the search parameters
def get_news(topic, from_date, to_date, language=en, api_key='890603a55bfa47048e4490069ebee18c'):
url = f'https://newsapi.org/v2/everything?qInTitle={topic}&from={from_date}&to={to_date}&sortBy=popularity&language={language}&apiKey={api_key}'
22 - 12:00 min
appends weather forecast to a text file output so you're using 'a' for append instead of 'w'
openweathermap.org
import requests
def get_weather():
url = f'https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=Kent,wa,us&APPID=<<API KEY>>&units=imperial'
request_result = requests.get(url)
content = request_result.json()
#print(content)
return(content)
def get_forecast():
url = f'https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast?q=Kent,wa,us&cnt=8&APPID=<<API KEY>>&units=imperial'
request_result = requests.get(url)
content = request_result.json()
#print(content)
return(content)
weather_content = get_weather()
forecast = get_forecast()
todays_temps = []
for n in range(8):
#print(n, forecast['list'][n]['main']['temp'])
todays_temps.append(forecast['list'][n]['main']['temp'])
#print(forecast['list'][0]['weather'][0]['description'])
todays_weather = []
for n in range(8):
#print(n, forecast['list'][n]['weather'][0]['description'])
todays_weather.append(forecast['list'][n]['weather'][0]['description'])
# display the weather for the day
print(" ")
print("The current weather for ", (weather_content['name']), "is: ", weather_content['weather']
[0]['description'], " and a temp of ", weather_content['main']['temp'], " degrees.")
print(" ")
for n in range(8):
print(forecast_hours[n], " ", todays_temps[n], " degF, ", todays_weather[n])
#print(" ")
print(" ")
next combine this with your news aggregator
build your own API
serves the current currency rate to your request
client makes request to your API through URLs
https://replit.com/@matus1976/26-create-custom-api#main.py
web framework - use flask
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def home():
return '<h1>Currency Rate API</h1> <p>Example URL: /api/v1/usd-eur</p>'
if you're on repl you need to pass this to see the web page
app.run(host='0.0.0.0')
if you are running locally you would need to install it with pip install flask
run this in repl and it will work
or paste the URL into your browser
`https://26-create-custom-api.matus1976.repl.co/
you need to add a app line to process the request
@app.route('api/v1/usd-eur')
in this case though, usd and eur are static, to accept dynamic vars:
@app.route('api/v1/<in_cur>-<out_cur>')
use those as inputs in a function
@app.route('api/v1/<in_cur>-<out_cur>')
def api(in_cur, out_cur):
get the current rate from xrate:
#scrape the current rate from xrate
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
def GetCurrency(input_currency, output_currency):
""" gets the current currency exchange rate and returns the rate """
url = f"https://www.x-rates.com/calculator/?from={input_currency}&to={output_currency}&amount=1"
content = requests.get(url).text
print(url)
#print(content)
soup = BeautifulSoup(content, 'html.parser')
#print(soup)
raw_currency = soup.find("span", class_="ccOutputRslt").get_text()
print(raw_currency)
raw_currency_length = len(raw_currency)
#print(raw_currency_length)
currency = (raw_currency[0:raw_currency_length-4])
#print(repr(currency))
currency = float(currency)
#print(type(currency))
rate = currency
return rate
GetCurrency("EUR", "AUD")
get the input and output cur and put then in the getCurrency func, also define the API output
def api(in_cur, out_cur):
rate = GetCurrency(in_cur, out_cur)
result_dictionary= {'input_currency':in_cur, 'output_currency':out_cur, 'rate':rate}
return
also you need to import jsonify
from flask import Flask, jsonify
rate = GetCurrency(in_cur, out_cur)
result_dictionary= {'input_currency':in_cur, 'output_currency':out_cur, 'rate':rate}
return jsonify(result_dictionary)
so now you have:
from flask import Flask, jsonify
#scrape the current rate from xrate
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
def GetCurrency(input_currency, output_currency):
""" gets the current currency exchange rate and returns the rate """
url = f"https://www.x-rates.com/calculator/?from={input_currency}&to={output_currency}&amount=1"
content = requests.get(url).text
#print(url)
#print(content)
soup = BeautifulSoup(content, 'html.parser')
#print(soup)
raw_currency = soup.find("span", class_="ccOutputRslt").get_text()
#print(raw_currency)
raw_currency_length = len(raw_currency)
#print(raw_currency_length)
currency = (raw_currency[0:raw_currency_length-4])
#print(repr(currency))
currency = float(currency)
#print(type(currency))
rate = currency
return rate
#GetCurrency("EUR", "AUD")
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def home():
return '<h1>Currency Rate API</h1> <p>Example URL: /api/v1/usd-eur</p>'
@app.route('/api/v1/<in_cur>-<out_cur>')
def api(in_cur, out_cur):
rate = GetCurrency(in_cur, out_cur)
result_dictionary= {'input_currency':in_cur, 'output_currency':out_cur, 'rate':rate}
return jsonify(result_dictionary)
app.run(host='0.0.0.0')
and now go to `https://26-create-custom-api.matus1976.repl.co/api/v1/usd-eur
and the result:
up next:
access data from profiles by using the facebook API
download image through facebook API:
grammar checking with python
using an API called language tool API
this will work through a post request not a get request
go to https://languagetool.org/http-api/
url is `https://api.languagetool.org/v2/check
import requests
url = 'https://api.languagetool.org/v2/check'
response = requests.post(url) #using post now, before we used get
but you'll need to pass parameters
we can pass text, json, langage etc
language and text are required
we pass them as dictionary
import requests
url = 'https://api.languagetool.org/v2/check'
# create data as dictionary to pass for language check:
data = {
'text':'Tis is a nixe day!',
'language':'auto'
}
response = requests.post(url, data) #using post now, before we used get
print(response.text)
returns a block of text
check type
# check the type of the output
print(type(response.text))
it's a string, so we need to convert it to a dict, we can use ``json.load()` which converts string to a dictionary
import json
result = json.loads(response.text)
print(result)
so now you have:
import requests
import json
url = 'https://api.languagetool.org/v2/check'
# create data as dictionary to pass for language check:
data = {
'text':'Tis is a nixe day!',
'language':'auto'
}
response = requests.post(url, data) #using post now, before we used get
print(response.text)
# check the type of the output
print(type(response.text))
result = json.loads(response.text)
print(result)
you allready know how to extract data from a dictionary.