diff --git a/stl/inc/vector b/stl/inc/vector
index 4f79f4986c..27f3ad281d 100644
--- a/stl/inc/vector
+++ b/stl/inc/vector
@@ -483,48 +483,50 @@ private:
         _STL_INTERNAL_CHECK(_Old_last_ != nullptr);
         _STL_INTERNAL_CHECK(_New_last_ != nullptr);
 
+        if constexpr (!_Disable_ASan_container_annotations_for_allocator<allocator_type>) {
 #if _HAS_CXX20
-        if (_STD is_constant_evaluated()) {
-            return;
-        }
+            if (_STD is_constant_evaluated()) {
+                return;
+            }
 #endif // _HAS_CXX20
 
-        if (!_Asan_vector_should_annotate) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const void* const _First    = _STD _Unfancy(_First_);
-        const void* const _End      = _STD _Unfancy(_End_);
-        const void* const _Old_last = _STD _Unfancy(_Old_last_);
-        const void* const _New_last = _STD _Unfancy(_New_last_);
-        if constexpr ((_Container_allocation_minimum_asan_alignment<vector>) >= _Asan_granularity) {
-            // old state:
-            //   [_First, _Old_last) valid
-            //   [_Old_last, _End) poison
-            // new state:
-            //   [_First, _New_last) valid
-            //   [_New_last, asan_aligned_after(_End)) poison
-            _CSTD __sanitizer_annotate_contiguous_container(
-                _First, _STD _Get_asan_aligned_after(_End), _Old_last, _New_last);
-        } else {
-            const auto _Aligned = _STD _Get_asan_aligned_first_end(_First, _End);
-            if (_Aligned._First == _Aligned._End) {
-                // The buffer does not end at least one shadow memory section; nothing to do.
+            if (!_Asan_vector_should_annotate) {
                 return;
             }
 
-            const void* const _Old_fixed = _Aligned._Clamp_to_end(_Old_last);
-            const void* const _New_fixed = _Aligned._Clamp_to_end(_New_last);
-
-            // old state:
-            //   [_Aligned._First, _Old_fixed) valid
-            //   [_Old_fixed, _Aligned._End) poison
-            //   [_Aligned._End, _End) valid
-            // new state:
-            //   [_Aligned._First, _New_fixed) valid
-            //   [_New_fixed, _Aligned._End) poison
-            //   [_Aligned._End, _End) valid
-            _CSTD __sanitizer_annotate_contiguous_container(_Aligned._First, _Aligned._End, _Old_fixed, _New_fixed);
+            const void* const _First    = _STD _Unfancy(_First_);
+            const void* const _End      = _STD _Unfancy(_End_);
+            const void* const _Old_last = _STD _Unfancy(_Old_last_);
+            const void* const _New_last = _STD _Unfancy(_New_last_);
+            if constexpr ((_Container_allocation_minimum_asan_alignment<vector>) >= _Asan_granularity) {
+                // old state:
+                //   [_First, _Old_last) valid
+                //   [_Old_last, _End) poison
+                // new state:
+                //   [_First, _New_last) valid
+                //   [_New_last, asan_aligned_after(_End)) poison
+                _CSTD __sanitizer_annotate_contiguous_container(
+                    _First, _STD _Get_asan_aligned_after(_End), _Old_last, _New_last);
+            } else {
+                const auto _Aligned = _STD _Get_asan_aligned_first_end(_First, _End);
+                if (_Aligned._First == _Aligned._End) {
+                    // The buffer does not end at least one shadow memory section; nothing to do.
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                const void* const _Old_fixed = _Aligned._Clamp_to_end(_Old_last);
+                const void* const _New_fixed = _Aligned._Clamp_to_end(_New_last);
+
+                // old state:
+                //   [_Aligned._First, _Old_fixed) valid
+                //   [_Old_fixed, _Aligned._End) poison
+                //   [_Aligned._End, _End) valid
+                // new state:
+                //   [_Aligned._First, _New_fixed) valid
+                //   [_New_fixed, _Aligned._End) poison
+                //   [_Aligned._End, _End) valid
+                _CSTD __sanitizer_annotate_contiguous_container(_Aligned._First, _Aligned._End, _Old_fixed, _New_fixed);
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/stl/inc/xmemory b/stl/inc/xmemory
index 7567d415a1..31d0bed8c9 100644
--- a/stl/inc/xmemory
+++ b/stl/inc/xmemory
@@ -805,6 +805,10 @@ struct _Simple_types { // wraps types from allocators with simple addressing for
 _INLINE_VAR constexpr size_t _Asan_granularity      = 8;
 _INLINE_VAR constexpr size_t _Asan_granularity_mask = _Asan_granularity - 1;
 
+// Controls whether ASan `container-overflow` errors are reported for this allocator.
+template <class>
+constexpr bool _Disable_ASan_container_annotations_for_allocator = false;
+
 struct _Asan_aligned_pointers {
     const void* _First;
     const void* _End;
diff --git a/stl/inc/xstring b/stl/inc/xstring
index 6d5954ea93..8bf2a0a5c0 100644
--- a/stl/inc/xstring
+++ b/stl/inc/xstring
@@ -622,54 +622,57 @@ private:
 
     static _CONSTEXPR20 void _Apply_annotation(const value_type* const _First, const size_type _Capacity,
         const size_type _Old_size, const size_type _New_size) noexcept {
+        if constexpr (!_Disable_ASan_container_annotations_for_allocator<allocator_type>) {
 #if _HAS_CXX20
-        if (_STD is_constant_evaluated()) {
-            return;
-        }
+            if (_STD is_constant_evaluated()) {
+                return;
+            }
 #endif // _HAS_CXX20
-       // Don't annotate small strings; only annotate on the heap.
-        if (_Capacity <= _Small_string_capacity || !_Asan_string_should_annotate) {
-            return;
-        }
 
-        // Note that `_Capacity`, `_Old_size`, and `_New_size` do not include the null terminator
-        const void* const _End      = _First + _Capacity + 1;
-        const void* const _Old_last = _First + _Old_size + 1;
-        const void* const _New_last = _First + _New_size + 1;
+            // Don't annotate small strings; only annotate on the heap.
+            if (_Capacity <= _Small_string_capacity || !_Asan_string_should_annotate) {
+                return;
+            }
 
-        constexpr bool _Large_string_always_asan_aligned =
-            (_Container_allocation_minimum_asan_alignment<basic_string>) >= _Asan_granularity;
+            // Note that `_Capacity`, `_Old_size`, and `_New_size` do not include the null terminator
+            const void* const _End      = _First + _Capacity + 1;
+            const void* const _Old_last = _First + _Old_size + 1;
+            const void* const _New_last = _First + _New_size + 1;
 
-        // for the non-aligned buffer options, the buffer must always have size >= 9 bytes,
-        // so it will always end at least one shadow memory section.
+            constexpr bool _Large_string_always_asan_aligned =
+                (_Container_allocation_minimum_asan_alignment<basic_string>) >= _Asan_granularity;
 
-        _Asan_aligned_pointers _Aligned;
-        if constexpr (_Large_string_always_asan_aligned) {
-            _Aligned = {_First, _STD _Get_asan_aligned_after(_End)};
-        } else {
-            _Aligned = _STD _Get_asan_aligned_first_end(_First, _End);
-        }
-        const void* const _Old_fixed = _Aligned._Clamp_to_end(_Old_last);
-        const void* const _New_fixed = _Aligned._Clamp_to_end(_New_last);
-
-        // --- always aligned case ---
-        // old state:
-        //   [_First, _Old_last) valid
-        //   [_Old_last, asan_aligned_after(_End)) poison
-        // new state:
-        //   [_First, _New_last) valid
-        //   [_New_last, asan_aligned_after(_End)) poison
-
-        // --- sometimes non-aligned case ---
-        // old state:
-        //   [_Aligned._First, _Old_fixed) valid
-        //   [_Old_fixed, _Aligned._End) poison
-        //   [_Aligned._End, _End) valid
-        // new state:
-        //   [_Aligned._First, _New_fixed) valid
-        //   [_New_fixed, _Aligned._End) poison
-        //   [_Aligned._End, _End) valid
-        _CSTD __sanitizer_annotate_contiguous_container(_Aligned._First, _Aligned._End, _Old_fixed, _New_fixed);
+            // for the non-aligned buffer options, the buffer must always have size >= 9 bytes,
+            // so it will always end at least one shadow memory section.
+
+            _Asan_aligned_pointers _Aligned;
+            if constexpr (_Large_string_always_asan_aligned) {
+                _Aligned = {_First, _STD _Get_asan_aligned_after(_End)};
+            } else {
+                _Aligned = _STD _Get_asan_aligned_first_end(_First, _End);
+            }
+            const void* const _Old_fixed = _Aligned._Clamp_to_end(_Old_last);
+            const void* const _New_fixed = _Aligned._Clamp_to_end(_New_last);
+
+            // --- always aligned case ---
+            // old state:
+            //   [_First, _Old_last) valid
+            //   [_Old_last, asan_aligned_after(_End)) poison
+            // new state:
+            //   [_First, _New_last) valid
+            //   [_New_last, asan_aligned_after(_End)) poison
+
+            // --- sometimes non-aligned case ---
+            // old state:
+            //   [_Aligned._First, _Old_fixed) valid
+            //   [_Old_fixed, _Aligned._End) poison
+            //   [_Aligned._End, _End) valid
+            // new state:
+            //   [_Aligned._First, _New_fixed) valid
+            //   [_New_fixed, _Aligned._End) poison
+            //   [_Aligned._End, _End) valid
+            _CSTD __sanitizer_annotate_contiguous_container(_Aligned._First, _Aligned._End, _Old_fixed, _New_fixed);
+        }
     }
 
 #define _ASAN_STRING_REMOVE(_Str)                       (_Str)._Remove_annotation()
diff --git a/tests/std/tests/GH_002030_asan_annotate_string/test.cpp b/tests/std/tests/GH_002030_asan_annotate_string/test.cpp
index e8bf4d30c3..ab35b14f36 100644
--- a/tests/std/tests/GH_002030_asan_annotate_string/test.cpp
+++ b/tests/std/tests/GH_002030_asan_annotate_string/test.cpp
@@ -289,6 +289,29 @@ STATIC_ASSERT(_Container_allocation_minimum_asan_alignment<
                   basic_string<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>, implicit_allocator<wchar_t>>>
               == 2);
 
+// Simple allocator that opts out of ASan annotations (via `_Disable_ASan_container_annotations_for_allocator`)
+template <class T, class Pocma = true_type, class Stateless = true_type>
+struct implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations : implicit_allocator<T, Pocma, Stateless> {
+    implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations() = default;
+    template <class U>
+    constexpr implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations(
+        const implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations<U, Pocma, Stateless>&) noexcept {}
+
+    T* allocate(size_t n) {
+        T* mem = new T[n + 1];
+        return mem + 1;
+    }
+
+    void deallocate(T* p, size_t) noexcept {
+        delete[] (p - 1);
+    }
+};
+
+template <class T, class Pocma, class Stateless>
+constexpr bool
+    _Disable_ASan_container_annotations_for_allocator<implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations<T, Pocma, Stateless>> =
+        true;
+
 template <class Alloc>
 void test_construction() {
     using CharType = typename Alloc::value_type;
@@ -1855,6 +1878,28 @@ void run_tests() {
 #endif // ^^^ no workaround ^^^
 }
 
+// Test that writing to uninitialized memory in a string triggers an ASan container-overflow error. (See GH-5251.)
+template <class CharType, class Alloc = allocator<CharType>>
+void run_asan_container_overflow_death_test() {
+
+    // We'll give the string capacity 100 (all uninitialized memory, except for the null terminator).
+    basic_string<CharType, char_traits<CharType>, Alloc> myString;
+    myString.reserve(100);
+
+    // Write to the element at index 50 to trigger an ASan container-overflow check.
+    CharType* myData = &myString[0];
+    myData[50]       = CharType{'A'};
+}
+
+// Test that ASan `container-overflow` checks can be disabled for a custom allocator.
+template <class CharType>
+void run_asan_annotations_disablement_test() {
+
+    // ASan annotations are disabled for the `implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations` allocator,
+    // which should make the container-overflow 'death test' pass.
+    run_asan_container_overflow_death_test<CharType, implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations<CharType>>();
+}
+
 template <class CharType, template <class, class, class> class Alloc>
 void run_custom_allocator_matrix() {
     run_tests<Alloc<CharType, true_type, true_type>>();
@@ -1869,6 +1914,11 @@ void run_allocator_matrix() {
     run_custom_allocator_matrix<CharType, aligned_allocator>();
     run_custom_allocator_matrix<CharType, explicit_allocator>();
     run_custom_allocator_matrix<CharType, implicit_allocator>();
+
+    // To test ASan annotation disablement, we use an ad-hoc allocator type to avoid disrupting other
+    // tests that depend on annotations being enabled. Therefore, unlike the prior tests,
+    // this test is not parameterized by the allocator type.
+    run_asan_annotations_disablement_test<CharType>();
 }
 
 void test_DevCom_10116361() {
@@ -1919,15 +1969,6 @@ void test_gh_3955() {
     assert(s == t);
 }
 
-void test_gh_5251() {
-    // GH-5251 <string>: ASan annotations do not prevent writing to allocated
-    // but uninitialized basic_string memory
-    string myString;
-    myString.reserve(100);
-    char* myData = &myString[0];
-    myData[50]   = 'A'; // ASan should fire!
-}
-
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     std_testing::death_test_executive exec([] {
         run_allocator_matrix<char>();
@@ -1944,7 +1985,15 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
         test_gh_3955();
     });
 #ifdef __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__
-    exec.add_death_tests({test_gh_5251});
+    exec.add_death_tests({
+        run_asan_container_overflow_death_test<char>,
+#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+        run_asan_container_overflow_death_test<char8_t>,
+#endif // __cpp_char8_t
+        run_asan_container_overflow_death_test<char16_t>,
+        run_asan_container_overflow_death_test<char32_t>,
+        run_asan_container_overflow_death_test<wchar_t>,
+    });
 #endif // ASan instrumentation enabled
     return exec.run(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tests/std/tests/GH_002030_asan_annotate_vector/test.cpp b/tests/std/tests/GH_002030_asan_annotate_vector/test.cpp
index 93ac83e275..300b7daf25 100644
--- a/tests/std/tests/GH_002030_asan_annotate_vector/test.cpp
+++ b/tests/std/tests/GH_002030_asan_annotate_vector/test.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <test_death.hpp>
+
 #pragma warning(disable : 4984) // 'if constexpr' is a C++17 language extension
 
 #ifdef __clang__
@@ -53,6 +55,10 @@ struct non_trivial_can_throw {
     }
 
     non_trivial_can_throw& operator=(const non_trivial_can_throw&) {
+        ++i;
+        if (i == 0) {
+            throw i;
+        }
         return *this;
     }
 
@@ -274,6 +280,29 @@ struct implicit_allocator : custom_test_allocator<T, Pocma, Stateless> {
 STATIC_ASSERT(_Container_allocation_minimum_asan_alignment<vector<char, implicit_allocator<char>>> == 1);
 STATIC_ASSERT(_Container_allocation_minimum_asan_alignment<vector<wchar_t, implicit_allocator<wchar_t>>> == 2);
 
+// Simple allocator that opts out of ASan annotations (via `_Disable_ASan_container_annotations_for_allocator`)
+template <class T, class Pocma = true_type, class Stateless = true_type>
+struct implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations : implicit_allocator<T, Pocma, Stateless> {
+    implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations() = default;
+    template <class U>
+    constexpr implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations(
+        const implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations<U, Pocma, Stateless>&) noexcept {}
+
+    T* allocate(size_t n) {
+        T* mem = new T[n + 1];
+        return mem + 1;
+    }
+
+    void deallocate(T* p, size_t) noexcept {
+        delete[] (p - 1);
+    }
+};
+
+template <class T, class Pocma, class Stateless>
+constexpr bool
+    _Disable_ASan_container_annotations_for_allocator<implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations<T, Pocma, Stateless>> =
+        true;
+
 template <class Alloc>
 void test_push_pop() {
     using T = typename Alloc::value_type;
@@ -1002,31 +1031,69 @@ void run_custom_allocator_matrix() {
     run_tests<AllocT<T, false_type, false_type>>();
 }
 
+// Test that writing to uninitialized memory in a vector triggers an ASan container-overflow error.
+template <class T, class Alloc = allocator<T>>
+void run_asan_container_overflow_death_test() {
+    // We'll give the vector capacity 100 (all uninitialized memory).
+    vector<T, Alloc> v;
+    v.reserve(100);
+
+    // Write to the element at index 50 to trigger an ASan container-overflow check.
+    v.data()[50] = T{};
+}
+
+// Test that ASan `container-overflow` checks can be disabled for a custom allocator.
+template <class T>
+void run_asan_annotations_disablement_test() {
+
+    // ASan annotations are disabled for the `implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations` allocator,
+    // which should make the container-overflow 'death test' pass.
+    run_asan_container_overflow_death_test<T, implicit_allocator_no_asan_annotations<T>>();
+}
+
 template <class T>
 void run_allocator_matrix() {
     run_tests<allocator<T>>();
     run_custom_allocator_matrix<T, aligned_allocator>();
     run_custom_allocator_matrix<T, explicit_allocator>();
     run_custom_allocator_matrix<T, implicit_allocator>();
+
+    // To test ASan annotation disablement, we use an ad-hoc allocator type to avoid disrupting other
+    // tests that depend on annotations being enabled. Therefore, unlike the prior tests,
+    // this test is not parameterized by the allocator type.
+    run_asan_annotations_disablement_test<T>();
 }
 
-int main() {
-    // Do some work even when we aren't instrumented
-    run_allocator_matrix<char>();
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    std_testing::death_test_executive exec([] {
+        // Do some work even when we aren't instrumented
+        run_allocator_matrix<char>();
 #ifdef __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__
-    run_allocator_matrix<int>();
-    run_allocator_matrix<double>();
-    run_allocator_matrix<non_trivial_can_throw>();
-    run_allocator_matrix<non_trivial_cannot_throw>();
+        run_allocator_matrix<int>();
+        run_allocator_matrix<double>();
+        run_allocator_matrix<non_trivial_can_throw>();
+        run_allocator_matrix<non_trivial_cannot_throw>();
 
 #ifndef __clang__ // TRANSITION, LLVM-35365
-    test_push_back_throw();
-    test_emplace_back_throw();
-    test_insert_range_throw();
-    test_insert_throw();
-    test_emplace_throw();
-    test_resize_throw();
-    test_insert_n_throw();
+        test_push_back_throw();
+        test_emplace_back_throw();
+        test_insert_range_throw();
+        test_insert_throw();
+        test_emplace_throw();
+        test_resize_throw();
+        test_insert_n_throw();
 #endif // ^^^ no workaround ^^^
 #endif // ASan instrumentation enabled
+    });
+
+#ifdef __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__
+    exec.add_death_tests({
+        run_asan_container_overflow_death_test<int>,
+        run_asan_container_overflow_death_test<double>,
+        run_asan_container_overflow_death_test<non_trivial_can_throw>,
+        run_asan_container_overflow_death_test<non_trivial_cannot_throw>,
+    });
+#endif // ASan instrumentation enabled
+
+    return exec.run(argc, argv);
 }