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S-NOMP for VerusCoin

Server

A VPS with 4GB of RAM, anything above 20GB SSD storage and 2 CPU cores is the absolute minimum requirement. Start following the guide while logged in as root.

Operating System

This guide tailored to and tested on Debian 9 "Stretch". Before starting, please install the latest updates:

apt update
apt -y upgrade

Poolwallet

The packages required in order to compile a VerusCoin wallet can be installed like this:

apt -y install build-essential git pkg-config libc6-dev m4 g++-multilib autoconf \
                   libtool ncurses-dev unzip git python python-zmq zlib1g-dev wget \
                   libcurl4-openssl-dev bsdmainutils automake curl

Create a useraccount for the wallet. Switch to that account.

useradd -m -d /home/veruscoin -s /bin/bash veruscoin
su - veruscoin

Now, clone the source tree and build the binaries:

git clone https://github.com/VerusCoin/VerusCoin
cd VerusCoin
./zcutil/fetch-params.sh
./zcutil/build.sh -j$(nproc)

After that is done, create a ~/bin directory and copy over the binaries. Strip the debug symbols.

mkdir ~/bin
cp src/komodod src/komodo-cli src/komodo-tx ~/bin
strip ~/bin/komodo*

Start the VerusCoin daemon so we have a default configuration file:

komodod -ac_name=VRSC -ac_algo=verushash -ac_cc=1 -ac_veruspos=50 -ac_supply=0 -ac_eras=3 \
-ac_reward=0,38400000000,2400000000 -ac_halving=1,43200,1051920 -ac_decay=100000000,0,0 -ac_end=10080,226080,0 \
-ac_timelockgte=19200000000 -ac_timeunlockfrom=129600 -ac_timeunlockto=1180800 -addnode=185.25.48.236 \
-addnode=185.64.105.111 -daemon

It will produce a lot of output, so probably open another console window or exit/reopen the current one. Let the daemon run for a few seconds and stop it again:

komodo-cli -ac_name=VRSC stop

Edit the resulting ~/.komodo/VRSC/VRSC.conf to include the parameters listed below, adapt the ones that need to be adapted. A resonably secure rpcpassword can be generated using this command: cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1.

server=1
listen=1
listenonion=0
maxconnections=256

# logging related options
logtimestamps=1
logips=1
shrinkdebugfile=0

# how many blocks to check on startup
checkblocks=64

# indexing options
txindex=1
addressindex=1
timestampindex=1
spentindex=1

# make sure ipv4 & ipv6 is used
bind=<your public ipv4 address>
bind=<your public ipv6 address>

# rpc settings
rpcuser=veruscoin
rpcpassword=<your-secret-veruscoin-rpc-password>
rpcport=27486
rpcthreads=256
rpcworkqueue=1024
rpcbind=127.0.0.1
rpcallowip=127.0.0.1

# where to store exported data
exportdir=/home/veruscoin/export

# blocknotify
blocknotify=/usr/bin/node /home/s-nomp/s-nomp/scripts/cli.js blocknotify verus %s

# if a peer jacks up more than 25 times in a row, ban it
banscore=25

# stake if possible, although it's probably not helping much
gen=1
genproclimit=0

# addnodes
seednode=185.25.48.236:27485
addnode=185.25.48.236:27487
seednode=185.64.105.111:27485
addnode=185.64.105.111:27487
seednode=185.25.48.72:27485
seednode=185.25.48.72:27487

Afterwards, start the daemon again and let it sync the blockchain:

komodod -ac_name=VRSC -ac_algo=verushash -ac_cc=1 -ac_veruspos=50 -ac_supply=0 -ac_eras=3 \
-ac_reward=0,38400000000,2400000000 -ac_halving=1,43200,1051920 -ac_decay=100000000,0,0 -ac_end=10080,226080,0 \
-ac_timelockgte=19200000000 -ac_timeunlockfrom=129600 -ac_timeunlockto=1180800 -addnode=185.25.48.236 \
-addnode=185.64.105.111 -daemon

To check the status and know when the initial sync has been completed, issue

komodo-cli -ac_name=VRSC getinfo

When it has synced up to height, the blocks and longestchain values will be at par. Additionally, you should verify against the explorer that you are in fact not on a fork. While we wait for this to happen, lets continue.

Redis

Switch back to the root account by typing exit or hitting CTRL-D. Install Redis using apt -y install redis-server. In your /etc/redis/redis.conf file, make sure it contains this (and none of it is commented out):

bind 127.0.0.1
appendonly yes

Set redis-server to start at bootup and start it manually:

update-rc.d redis-server enable
/etc/init.d/redis start

Node.js

Still as root, install Node.js v8 like this:

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | bash -
apt -y install nodejs

We will use PM2 to manage NodeJS processes. Install it globally:

npm -g install pm2

S-NOMP

S-NOMP and some of its dependencies will need additional packages in order to be built successfully:

apt -y install libboost-all-dev libsodium-dev

Create a new user account to run S-NOMP from. Switch to that user and clone S-NOMP from miketouts repository:

useradd -m -d /home/s-nomp -s /bin/bash s-nomp
su - s-nomp
git clone https://github.com/miketout/s-nomp

In package.json, change the stratum-pool dependency to git+https://github.com/miketout/node-stratum-pool.git. Next, install all dependencies using npm:

npm update
npm install

Per default, S-NOMP will display Sol as the hashrate measuring unit. VerusCoin uses H, so lets change it:

cd ~/s-nomp
perl -p -i -e 's/Sol\/s/H\/s/g' libs/stats.js website/pages/stats.html website/static/stats.js website/static/miner_stats.js

In the web dashboard of the pool there is a 'Pool Luck' display which gives a rough estimate of how much time will pass between found blocks. To improve the accuracy of this number, change the value of _blocktime in line 584 of libs/stats.js to be closer to the actual block target of VerusCoin:

cd ~/s-nomp
perl -p -i -e 's/_blocktime = 160/_blocktime = 55/g' libs/stats.js

Edit the coins/vrsc.json to look like below. NOTE: including the burnFees parameter is the crucial key part here.

{
    "name": "verus",
    "symbol": "vrsc",
    "algorithm": "verushash",
    "txfee": 0.0005,
    "requireShielding": true,
    "burnFees": true,

    "explorer": {
        "txURL": "https://explorer.veruscoin.io/tx/",
        "blockURL": "https://explorer.veruscoin.io/block/",
        "_comment_explorer": "This is the coin's explorer full base url for transaction and blocks i.e. (https://explorer.coin.com/tx/). The pool will automatically add the transaction id or block id at the end."
    }
}

Locate the verushash module directory. It either is /home/s-nomp/node_modules/verushash or /home/s-nomp/node_modules/stratum_pool/node_modules/verushash. In this directory, create a file called index.json containing this:

module.exports = require('bindings')('verushash.node');

Configuration Instructions

Shielding is required for mined VerusCoins. We will need 2 public and a z-address for this. Switch to the veruscoin user and generate the addresses:

komodo-cli -ac_name=VRSC getnewaddress
komodo-cli -ac_name=VRSC getnewaddress
komodo-cli -ac_name=VRSC z_getnewaddress

Next, we will dump the private keys of these addresses for safety reasons. For the public addresses, use

komodo-cli -ac_name=VRSC dumpprivkey <public VerusCoin address>

For the z-address, use

komodo-cli -ac_name=VRSC z_exportkey <VerusCoin z-address>

Save the data in an offline location, not on your computer!

Now, switch to the s-nomp account. First, copy ~/s-nomp/config_example.json to ~/s-nomp/config.json. Edit it to reflect the changes listed below.

  • Under clustering, set enabled to false, otherwise PM2 fails to work.
  • Set stratumHost to the external IP or DNS name of your server.

Note that PM2 will take care of clustering by itself. Now create a pool config. Copy ~/s-nomp/pool_configs/examples/kmd.json to ~/s-nomp/pool_configs/vrsc.json. Edit it to reflect the changes listed below.

  • Set enabled to true.
  • Set coin to vrsc.json.
  • Set address to one of the public addresses generated before.
  • Set zAddress to the z-address generated before.
  • Use the remaining public address for tAddress
  • Set paymentInterval to 180
  • Set minimumPayment to 2.
  • Set maxBlocksPerPayment to 8.
  • There are 2 occurences of user, password and port each. Use the rpcuser, rpcpassword and rpcport values from /home/veruscoin/.komodo/VRSC/VRSC.conf.
  • Set diff to 131072.
  • Set minDiff to 16384.
  • Set maxDiff to 2147483648

We are almost done now. Using the command mentioned at the beginning of this document, check if the blockchain has finished syncing. If not, wait for it to complete before continuing.

Now switch to the veruscoin user, stop the wallet once more.

komodo-cli -ac_name=VRSC stop

Edit ~/.komodo/VRSC/VRSC.conf and add the blocknotify command below.

blocknotify=/usr/bin/node /home/s-nomp/s-nomp/scripts/cli.js blocknotify verus %s

Restart the wallet using the command already listed above. If you are not using STDOUT/STDERR-redirection, you will see errors about blocknotify. These are expected, because the pool is not running yet and thus the blocknotify script cannot complete successfully.

Switch to the s-nomp user. Then start the pool using pm2:

cd ~/s-nomp
pm2 start init.js --name s-nomp

Use pm2 log to check for S-NOMP startup errors.

If you completed all steps correctly, the web dashboard on your pool can be reached via port 8080 on the external IP or the DNS name of your server.

Further considerations

None of the topics below is strictly necessary, but most of them are recommended.

Improving SSH security

If you remember the good old rand=4; // chosen by fair dice roll comic, you're probably doing this anyways. If you don't go google the comic, you might have missed a laugh there!

As root, generate a proper /etc/ssh/moduli like this:

ssh-keygen -G "/root/moduli.candidates" -b 4096
mv /etc/ssh/moduli /etc/ssh/moduli.old
ssh-keygen -T /etc/ssh/moduli -f "/root/module.candidates"
rm "/root/moduli.candidates"

Add the recommended changes from CiperLi.st to /etc/ssh/sshd_config, also make sure that PermitRootLogin is at least set to without-password. Then remove and re-generate your host keys like this:

cd /etc/ssh
rm ssh_host_*key*
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ssh_host_ed25519_key < /dev/null
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -f ssh_host_rsa_key < /dev/null

To finish, restart the ssh server:

/etc/init.d/sshd restart

Putting the pool behind some CDN

You should consider putting the webdashboard of your pool behind some CDN. A free CloudFlare account and any domain provider that allows changing the NS records of your domain will work. If you use a DNS name to point to your stratum ip, make sure to disable proxying for it!

Reverse-proxying S-NOMP behind nginx

As root, install nginx and enable it on boot using these commands:

apt -y install nginx
update-rc.d enable nginx

Create /etc/nginx/blockuseragents.rules with these contents:

map $http_user_agent $blockedagent {
default         0;
~*malicious     1;
~*bot           1;
~*backdoor      1;
~*crawler       1;
~*bandit        1;
}

Edit /etc/nginx/sites-available/default to look like this:

include /etc/nginx/blockuseragents.rules;
server {
	if ($blockedagent) {
		return 403;
	}
	if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$) {
		return 444;
	}

	listen 80 default_server;
	listen [::]:80 default_server;
	charset utf-8;
	root /var/www/html;
	index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

	location / {
		proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/;
		proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
	}

	location /admin {
		rewrite ^/.* /stats permanent;
	}

}

Restart nginx:

/etc/init.d/nginx restart

Switch to the s-nomp user, edit /home/s-nomp/s-nomp/config.json to bind the web interface to 127.0.0.1:8080:

[...]
"website": {
    "enabled": true,
    "host": "127.0.0.1",
    "port": 8080,
[...]

Restart the pool:

pm2 restart s-nomp

If you've followed the above steps correctly, your pool's webdashboard is now proxied behind nginx.

Disable unused webdashboard pages

Change to the s-nomp account. Edit /home/s-nomp/libs/website.js to have the pageFiles array look like below:

var pageFiles = {
    'index.html': 'index',
    'home.html': '',
    'manual.html': 'manual',
    'stats.html': 'stats',
    'tbs.html': 'tbs',
    'workers.html': 'workers',
    'api.html': 'api',
    'miner_stats.html': 'miner_stats',
    'payments.html': 'payments'
}

Link to the payments page

Change to the s-nomp user account. Edit /home/s-nomp/website/index.html to include a new link at the right position, which is somewhere in between lines 30-70:

<header>
[...]
    <li class="{{? it.selected === 'payments' }}pure-menu-selected{{?}}">
        <a class="hot-swapper" href="/payments">
            <i class="fa fa-usd"></i>&nbsp;
            Payments
        </a>
    </li>
[...]
</header>

Enable logrotate

As root user, create a file called /etc/logrotate.d/pool with these contents:

/home/veruscoin/.komodo/VRSC/debug.log
/home/s-nomp/.pm2/logs/veruspool-out.log
/home/s-nomp/.pm2/logs/veruspool-error.log
{
  rotate 14
  daily
  compress
  delaycompress
  copytruncate
  missingok
  notifempty
}

Autostart using cron

Switch to the veruscoin user. Edit the crontab using crontab -e and include the lines below:

@reboot /home/veruscoin/bin/komodod -ac_name=VRSC -ac_algo=verushash -ac_cc=1 -ac_veruspos=50 -ac_supply=0 -ac_eras=3 -ac_reward=0,38400000000,2400000000 -ac_halving=1,43200,1051920 -ac_decay=100000000,0,0 -ac_end=10080,226080,0 -ac_timelockgte=19200000000 -ac_timeunlockfrom=129600 -ac_timeunlockto=1180800 -addnode=185.25.48.236 -addnode=185.64.105.111 -daemon 1>/dev/null 2>&1

Switch to the s-nomp user. Edit the crontab using crontab -e and include the line below:

@reboot /bin/sleep 60 && cd /home/s-nomp/s-nomp && /usr/bin/pm2 start init.js --name s-nomp

Simplify wallet usage

Switch to the veruscoin user. Create a file called /home/veruscoin/bin/veruscoind that looks like this:

#!/bin/bash
OLDPWD="$(pwd)"
cd /home/veruscoin/.komodo/VRSC
/home/veruscoin/bin/komodod -ac_name=VRSC -ac_algo=verushash -ac_cc=1 -ac_veruspos=50 -ac_supply=0 -ac_eras=3 -ac_reward=0,38400000000,2400000000 -ac_halving=1,43200,1051920 -ac_decay=100000000,0,0 -ac_end=10080,226080,0 -ac_timelockgte=19200000000 -ac_timeunlockfrom=129600 -ac_timeunlockto=1180800 -addnode=185.25.48.236 -addnode=185.64.105.111 ${@}
cd "${OLDPWD}"

Create another file called /home/veruscoin/bin/veruscoin-cli that looks like this:

#!/bin/bash
/home/veruscoin/bin/komodo-cli -ac_name=VRSC ${@}

Make both files executable:

chmod +x /home/veruscoin/bin/veruscoin*

From now on, any time you would have to use the huge komodod or komodo-cli commands, you can just use them as shown below:

veruscoind -daemon 1>/dev/null 2>&1
veruscoin-cli addnode 1.2.3.4 onetry

Increase open files limit

Add this to your /etc/security/limits.conf:

* soft nofile 1048576
* hard nofile 1048576

Reboot to activate the changes. Alternatively you can make sure all running processes are restarted from within a shell that has been launched after the above changes were put in place.

Networking optimizations

If your pool is expected to receive a lot of load, consider implementing below changes, all as root:

Enable the tcp_bbr kernel module:

modprobe tcp_bbr
echo tcp_bbr >> /etc/modules

Edit your /etc/sysctl.conf to include below settings:

net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.udp_rmem_min = 16384
net.ipv4.udp_wmem_min = 16384
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 2000000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 16001 65530
net.core.somaxconn = 20480
net.ipv4.tcp_low_latency = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_mtu_probing = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fastopen = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_limit_output_bytes = 131072

Run below command to activate the changes, alternatively reboot the machine:

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf

Change swapping behaviour

If your system has a lot of RAM, you can change the swapping behaviour to only swap when necessary. Edit /etc/sysctl.conf to include this setting:

vm.swappiness=1

The range is 1-100. The lower the number, the later the system will start swapping stuff out. Run below command to activate the change, alternatively reboot the machine:

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf

Install redis-commander

As root, install redis-commander like this:

npm -g install redis-commander

Consult redis-commander --help for more information.

Install molly-guard

As a last sanity check before reboots, molly-guard will prompt you for the hostname of the system you're about to reboot. Install it like this:

apt -y install molly-guard

Check /etc/molly-guard/rc for more options.