diff --git a/TODO.md b/TODO.md index 97d860a..5268dad 100644 --- a/TODO.md +++ b/TODO.md @@ -43,3 +43,4 @@ For v4.0 (first round of comments from reviewers): - [x] Update SI - [ ] Metadata for all column of CSVs - [ ] Update Zenodo +- [ ] Mark change properly! diff --git a/analyses/plot_cplx_Kx1.py b/analyses/plot_cplx_Kx1.py index a1455f1..03bc414 100644 --- a/analyses/plot_cplx_Kx1.py +++ b/analyses/plot_cplx_Kx1.py @@ -52,12 +52,9 @@ def plot_helpline(ax, data): x = [int(x.replace('mol_', '')) for x in data['name']] pK01 = -numpy.log10(data['k01']) - pK11 = -numpy.log10(data['k11']) - pK21 = -numpy.log10(data['k21']) ax.plot(x, pK01, '--', color='black', linewidth=0.8) - print('{} & {:.2f} $\\pm$ {:.2f} & {:.2f} $\\pm$ {:.2f} & {:.2f} $\\pm$ {:.2f} \\\\'.format('Total', numpy.mean(pK01), numpy.std(pK01), numpy.mean(pK11), numpy.std(pK11), numpy.mean(pK21), numpy.std(pK21))) - + def make_table(f, data: pandas.DataFrame, solvent: str): subdata = data[data['solvent'] == solvent] diff --git a/analyses/plot_cplx_Kx2.py b/analyses/plot_cplx_Kx2.py index 4717997..7d5e42f 100644 --- a/analyses/plot_cplx_Kx2.py +++ b/analyses/plot_cplx_Kx2.py @@ -37,9 +37,16 @@ def plot_Kx2(ax, data: pandas.DataFrame, family: str, color: str): x = [int(x.replace('mol_', '')) for x in subdata['name']] + pK02 = -numpy.log10(subdata['k02']) + pK12 = -numpy.log10(subdata['k12']) + pK22 = -numpy.log10(subdata['k22']) + ax.plot(x, -numpy.log10(subdata['k02']), 'o', color=color, label=family.replace('Family.', '')) ax.plot(x, -numpy.log10(subdata['k12']), '^', color=color) ax.plot(x, -numpy.log10(subdata['k22']), 's', color=color) + + print('{} & {:.2f} $\\pm$ {:.2f} & {:.2f} $\\pm$ {:.2f} & {:.2f} $\\pm$ {:.2f} \\\\'.format(family, numpy.mean(pK02), numpy.std(pK02), numpy.mean(pK12), numpy.std(pK12), numpy.mean(pK22), numpy.std(pK22))) + def plot_helpline(ax, data): x = [int(x.replace('mol_', '')) for x in data['name']] diff --git a/nitroxides.tex b/nitroxides.tex index ff008b2..a97adff 100644 --- a/nitroxides.tex +++ b/nitroxides.tex @@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ %% \documentclass[final,5p,times]{elsarticle} %% \documentclass[final,5p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle} + +\usepackage[]{changes} + \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb} @@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ country={Belgium}} \begin{abstract} - This paper investigates the impact of solute-solvent effects on the redox potentials of nitroxides, with a focus on ionic interactions caused by the presence of electrolytes found in different environment such as batteries. The analysis of various nitroxide families shows that ion-substituent interactions, especially in aromatic systems, significantly influence complex stability. In particular, in acetonitrile, the hydroxylamine anion and its cation exhibit strong interactions near the nitroxyl moiety, but only if the nitroxyl is well positioned. The study also confirm that an electrostatic interaction model can predict the effects of substituents, aromaticity, and ring size on redox potentials of nitroxides. Concerning the impact of the environment, solute-ion interactions and ion-pairs formation play a crucial role in modulating the redox potential. + This paper investigates the impact of solute-solvent effects on the redox potentials of nitroxides, with a focus on ionic interactions caused by the presence of electrolytes found in different environment such as batteries. The analysis of various nitroxide families shows that ion-substituent interactions, especially in aromatic systems, significantly influence complex stability. In particular, in acetonitrile, the hydroxylamine anion and its cation exhibit strong interactions near the nitroxyl moiety, but only if the nitroxyl is well positioned. The study also confirm that an electrostatic interaction model can predict the effects of substituents, aromaticity, and ring size on redox potentials of nitroxides. Concerning the impact of the environment, solute-ion interactions \replaced{and ion-pairs formation play a crucial role in modulating the redox potential.}{play a crucial role. This study reveals that moderate electrolyte concentrations stabilize charged compounds as described by the the Debye-Hückel (DH) model, and higher concentrations lead to ion-pair formation, both affecting redox properties. } \end{abstract} @@ -516,13 +519,13 @@ \subsection{Impact of the electrolytes} \label{sec:elect} & $pK_{01}$ & $pK_{11}$ & $pK_{21}$ \\ \hline AMO & 4.13 & 3.37 & 3.88 \\ -P6O & 3.29 $\pm$ 0.67 & 4.25 $\pm$ 0.71 & 6.24 $\pm$ 1.36 \\ -P5O & 4.37 $\pm$ 1.82 & 4.32 $\pm$ 1.65 & 2.37 $\pm$ 1.88 \\ +P6O & 3.23 $\pm$ 0.67 & 4.25 $\pm$ 0.71 & 6.24 $\pm$ 1.36 \\ +P5O & 4.37 $\pm$ 1.82 & 4.32 $\pm$ 1.65 & 2.33 $\pm$ 1.84 \\ IIO & 3.24 $\pm$ 0.54 & 3.36 $\pm$ 0.38 & 1.69 $\pm$ 0.52 \\ -APO & 3.19 $\pm$ 0.40 & 3.48 $\pm$ 1.01 & 1.12 $\pm$ 1.18 \\ +APO & 3.12 $\pm$ 0.42 & 3.48 $\pm$ 1.01 & 1.12 $\pm$ 1.18 \\ \hline \end{tblr} - \caption{Mean value of the cologarithm ($pK = -\log_{10}K$) of the complexation equilibrium constants for each family (reported as mean $\pm$ standard deviation), as computed at the $\omega$B97X-D/6-311+G(d) level in water using SMD and $[X]=\SI{1}{\mole\per\liter}$.} + \caption{Mean value of the cologarithm ($pK = -\log_{10}K$) of the complexation equilibrium constants \added{for ion-pair formation in} each family (reported as mean $\pm$ standard deviation), as computed at the $\omega$B97X-D/6-311+G(d) level in water using SMD and $[X]=\SI{1}{\mole\per\liter}$.} \label{tab:Kx1} \end{table} @@ -540,7 +543,25 @@ \subsection{Impact of the electrolytes} \label{sec:elect} \label{fig:Kx2} \end{figure} -As expected, the equilibrium constants are smaller by about four orders of magnitude ($\Delta G^\star_{cplx} \sim \SI{40}{\kilo\joule\per\mole}$) than those previously discussed. In water, the general order is $K_{22} \leq K_{02} < K_{12}$. However, for many compounds in the IIO and APO families, $K_{02}$ is larger than $K_{22}$, which is attributed to the interaction between the \ce{NMe4+} cation and the aromatic moiety present in these compounds. In acetonitrile, the \ce{N^-AC} complexes are again more stable than the others, consistently with previous observations \cite{wylieImprovedPerformanceAllOrganic2019a}. Thus, the dielectric constant significantly impacts the equilibrium constants of these ion-triplets. This is further confirmed by the observation that the stabilization of \ce{N^.AC} is less pronounced in this study than in Ref.~\citenum{wylieImprovedPerformanceAllOrganic2019a}, which employed a solvent with an even lower dielectric constant. +As expected, the equilibrium constants are smaller by about four orders of magnitude ($\Delta G^\star_{cplx} \sim \SI{40}{\kilo\joule\per\mole}$) than those previously discussed. In water \added{(Table }\ref{tab:Kx2}\added{)}, the general order is $K_{22}\added{<} K_{02} < K_{12} \added{ < 1}$. However, for many compounds in the IIO and APO families, $K_{02}$ is larger than $K_{22}$, which is attributed to the interaction between the \ce{NMe4+} cation and the aromatic moiety present in these compounds. In acetonitrile, the \ce{N^-AC} complexes are again more stable than the others, consistently with previous observations \cite{wylieImprovedPerformanceAllOrganic2019a}. Thus, the dielectric constant significantly impacts the equilibrium constants of these ion-triplets. This is further confirmed by the observation that the stabilization of \ce{N^.AC} is less pronounced in this study than in Ref.~\citenum{wylieImprovedPerformanceAllOrganic2019a}, which employed a solvent with an even lower dielectric constant. + + +\begin{table}[!h] + \centering + \begin{tblr}{lccc} + \hline + & $pK_{02}$ & $pK_{12}$ & $pK_{22}$ \\ + \hline + AMO & 7.07& 7.63 & 7.61\\ + P6O & 7.34 $\pm$ 0.45 & 7.20 $\pm$ 0.62 & 10.88 $\pm$ 1.55 \\ + P5O & 8.13 $\pm$ 1.52 & 8.17 $\pm$ 1.84 & 7.33 $\pm$ 1.95 \\ + IIO & 6.02 $\pm$ 0.62 & 6.94 $\pm$ 0.55 & 7.37 $\pm$ 0.77 \\ + APO & 4.91 $\pm$ 1.14 & 6.87 $\pm$ 1.08 & 6.63 $\pm$ 1.05 \\ + \hline + \end{tblr} + \caption{\added{Mean value of the cologarithm ($pK = -\log_{10}K$) of the complexation equilibrium constants for ion-triplet formation in each family (reported as mean $\pm$ standard deviation), as computed at the $\omega$B97X-D/6-311+G(d) level in water using SMD and $[X]=\SI{1}{\mole\per\liter}$.}} + \label{tab:Kx2} +\end{table} \clearpage diff --git a/nitroxides_SI.tex b/nitroxides_SI.tex index d43b6de..b0df488 100644 --- a/nitroxides_SI.tex +++ b/nitroxides_SI.tex @@ -325,9 +325,9 @@ 45 & 4.039 & 18.3 & 3.764 & 17.5 & & 3.773 & 23.4 & 5.456 & 7.0 \\ 46 & 4.055 & 20.3 & 5.307 & 14.5 & & 3.845 & 21.4 & 5.830 & -0.4 \\ 47 & 4.265 & 23.4 & 4.047 & 15.0 & & 4.196 & 15.4 & 5.937 & 4.9 \\ -48 & 4.275 & 35.7 & 5.385 & 19.4 & & & & 6.384 & 15.0 \\ +48 & 4.275 & 35.7 & 5.385 & 19.4 & & --- & --- & 6.384 & 15.0 \\ 49 & 4.271 & 17.7 & 4.158 & 18.1 & & 4.798 & 21.4 & 6.293 & -2.4 \\ -50 & 4.271 & 18.2 & 4.056 & 17.8 & & 3.766 & 17.7 & & \\ +50 & 4.271 & 18.2 & 4.056 & 17.8 & & 3.766 & 17.7 & --- & --- \\ 51 & 3.892 & 21.6 & 4.148 & 15.8 & & 4.781 & 18.2 & 6.006 & 5.2 \\ 52 & 3.942 & 19.6 & 3.995 & 11.8 & & 4.783 & 17.4 & 5.566 & 2.2 \\ 53 & 4.252 & 15.7 & 4.088 & 13.7 & & 3.770 & 19.9 & 5.896 & 7.3 \\