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	number = {3},
	month = mar,
	year = {1993},
	issn = {0362-1340},
	pages = {69--95},
	numpages = {27},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/155360.155364},
	doi = {10.1145/155360.155364},
	acmid = {155364},
	publisher = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
} 


@online{2014-cunningham,
	author = {Ward Cunningham},
	title = {Alan Kays Definition Of Object Oriented},
	year = {2014},
	url = {http://wiki.c2.com/?AlanKaysDefinitionOfObjectOriented},
	urldate = {August 26, 2018},
	OPTorganization = {organization},
}

@misc{2004-huang,
	author = {Jian Huang},
	title = {Lecture notes in Fundamental Algorithms (CS302)},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering \& Computer Science at The University of Tennessee, Knoxville},
	url = {http://web.eecs.utk.edu/~huangj/CS302S04/lecture_notes.html},
	urldate = {August 26, 2018},
}


@online{2016-yegor,
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	title = {What's Wrong With Object-Oriented Programming?},
	year = {2016},
	url = {https://www.yegor256.com/2016/08/15/what-is-wrong-object-oriented-programming.html},
	urldate = {August 30, 2018},
	OPTorganization = {organization},
}

@article{2013-black,
	author = {Black, Andrew P.},
	title = {Object-oriented Programming: Some History, and Challenges for the Next Fifty Years},
	journal = {Inf. Comput.},
	issue_date = {October, 2013},
	volume = {231},
	month = oct,
	year = {2013},
	issn = {0890-5401},
	pages = {3--20},
	numpages = {18},
	url = {http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~black/publications/O-JDahl.pdf},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ic.2013.08.002},
	acmid = {2542897},
	publisher = {Academic Press, Inc.},
	address = {Duluth, MN, USA},
	keywords = {Class, Cost-model, Object, Ole-Johan Dahl, Prefix, Process, Simula},
} 

@book{2004-vanroy-haridi,
	author = {Van Roy, Peter and Haridi, Seif},
	title = {Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming},
	year = {2004},
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	edition = {1st},
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}

@book{2002-knoernschild,
	title={Java Design: Objects, UML, and Process},
	author={Knoernschild, K.},
	isbn={9780201750447},
	lccn={2001053552},
	url={https://books.google.dz/books?id=4pjbgVHzomsC},
	year={2002},
	publisher={Addison-Wesley}
}

@online{2012-g4g1,
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	title = {Multiple Inheritance in C++},
	year = {2012},
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	urldate = {Sep. 5, 2018},
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}

@online{nd-oracle1,
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}

@online{2012-naftalin,
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@online{2018-mdn-create,
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	urldate = {Sep. 5, 2018},
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@online{2018-mdn-docs,
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	title = {JavaScript reference},
	year = {2018},
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	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
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@online{2016-dorin,
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	urldate = {Sep. 5, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
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@book{2003-ierusalimschy,
	title={Programming in Lua},
	author={Roberto Ierusalimschy},
	isbn={8590379817},
	url={https://www.lua.org/pil/contents.html#P2},
	year={2003},
	publisher={Lua.org}
}

@online{2016-dorin,
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	title = {ES6 Class Multiple inheritance},
	year = {2016},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/35925061},
	urldate = {Sep. 5, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@book{2003-schwartz-phoenix,
	title={Learning Perl Objects, References, and Modules},
	author={Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Phoenix},
	isbn={0-596-00478-8},
	url={https://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/perl4/porm/index.htm},
	year={2003},
	publisher={O'Reilly \& Associates},
	urldate = {Sep. 5, 2018},
}

@manual{2018-cowburn,
	author = {Peter Cowburn},
	editor = {Peter Cowburn},
	title = {PHP Manual},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {the PHP Documentation Group},
	url = {http://php.net/manual/en/},
	urldate = {Sep. 5, 2018},
}

@manual{2018-python2.7,
	author = {{Python Software Foundation}},
	editor = {},
	title = {Python 2.7.15 documentation},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Python Software Foundation},
	url = {https://docs.python.org/2/},
	urldate = {Sep. 6, 2018},
}

@book{2001-thomas-hunt,
	title={Programming Ruby: The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide},
	author={Thomas, D. and Hunt, A.},
	isbn={9780201710892},
	lccn={00045390},
	year={2001},
	publisher={Addison-Wesley},
	url = {http://ruby-doc.com/docs/ProgrammingRuby/},
	urldate = {Sep. 6, 2018},
}

@misc{2013-normark,
	author = {Kurt Nørmark},
	title = {Programming Paradigms: Overview of the four main programming paradigms},
	year = {2013},
	publisher = {Department of Computer Science, Aalborg University, Denmark},
	url = {http://people.cs.aau.dk/~normark/prog3-03/html/notes/paradigms_themes-paradigm-overview-section.html},
	urldate = {Sep. 7, 2018},
}

@inbook{2013-saitta-zucker,
	author = {Lorenza Saitta and Jean-Daniel Zucker},
	title = {Abstraction in Different Disciplines},
	booktitle = {Abstraction in Artificial Intelligence and Complex Systems},
	year = {2013},
	isbn = {isbn},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag New York},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-7052-6},
	isbn= {978-1-4614-7052-6},
}

@online{2014-rahman,
	author = {Maqsood Rahman},
	title = {Confused about the definition of 'abstraction' in OOP},
	year = {2014},
	url = {https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/a/230409},
	urldate = {Sep. 7, 2018},
	organization = {stackexchange.com},
}


@online{2017-janssen,
	author = {Thorben Janssen},
	title = {OOP Concept for Beginners: What is Abstraction?},
	year = {2017},
	date = {Nov. 23, 2017},
	url = {https://stackify.com/oop-concept-abstraction/},
	urldate = {Sep. 7, 2018},
	publisher = {stackify.com},
}

@online{2017-janssen-enc,
	author = {Thorben Janssen},
	title = {OOP Concept for Beginners: What is Encapsulation},
	year = {2017},
	date = {Nov. 30, 2017},
	url = {https://stackify.com/oop-concept-abstraction/},
	urldate = {Sep. 7, 2018},
	publisher = {stackify.com},
}

@inproceedings{1986-borning,
	author = {Borning, A. H.},
	title = {Classes Versus Prototypes in Object-oriented Languages},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of 1986 ACM Fall Joint Computer Conference},
	series = {ACM '86},
	year = {1986},
	isbn = {0-8186-4743-4},
	location = {Dallas, Texas, USA},
	pages = {36--40},
	numpages = {5},
	url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=324493.324538},
	acmid = {324538},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
	address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
} 

@article{1991-ungar,
	author="Ungar, David
	and Smith, Randall B.",
	title="SELF: The power of simplicity",
	journal="LISP and Symbolic Computation",
	year="1991",
	month="Jul",
	day="01",
	volume="4",
	number="3",
	pages="187--205",
	abstract="SELF is an object-oriented language for exploratory programming based on a small number of simple and concrete ideas: prototypes, slots, and behavior. Prototypes combine inheritance and instantiation to provide a framework that is simpler and more flexible than most object-oriented languages. Slots unite variables and procedures into a single construct. This permits the inheritance hierarchy to take over the function of lexical scoping in conventional languages. Finally, because SELF does not distinguish state from behavior, it narrows the gaps between ordinary objects, procedures, and closures. SELF's simplicity and expressiveness offer new insights into object-oriented computation.",
	issn="1573-0557",
	doi="10.1007/BF01806105",
	url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01806105"
}

@online{2016-techdifferences,
	author = {TechDifferences},
	title = {Difference Between Inheritance and Polymorphism},
	year = {2016},
	date = {May 11, 2016},
	url = {https://techdifferences.com/difference-between-inheritance-and-polymorphism.html},
	urldate = {Sep. 8, 2018},
	publisher = {techdifferences.com},
}

@inproceedings{1989-cook-al,
	author = {Cook, William R. and Hill, Walter and Canning, Peter S.},
	title = {Inheritance is Not Subtyping},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages},
	series = {POPL '90},
	year = {1990},
	isbn = {0-89791-343-4},
	location = {San Francisco, California, USA},
	pages = {125--135},
	numpages = {11},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/96709.96721},
	doi = {10.1145/96709.96721},
	acmid = {96721},
	publisher = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@misc{2017-half,
	author = {Robert Half},
	title = {4 Advantages of Object-Oriented Programming},
	year = {2017},
	date = {July 13, 2017},
	url = {https://www.roberthalf.com/blog/salaries-and-skills/4-advantages-of-object-oriented-programming},
	urldate = {Sep. 8, 2018},
}

@misc{2015-popyack-boady,
	author = {Jeffrey L. Popyack and Mark W. Boady and Paul Zoski and Jeff Salvage},
	title = {Lecture notes: Introduction to Computer Science},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {Dept. of Computer Science, Drexel University, USA},
	url = {https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~introcs/Fa15/courseNotes_index.html},
	urldate = {Sep. 8, 2018},
}

@article{1993-stroustrup,
	author = {Stroustrup, Bjarne},
	title = {A History of C++: 1979\&Ndash;1991},
	journal = {SIGPLAN Not.},
	issue_date = {March 1993},
	volume = {28},
	number = {3},
	month = mar,
	year = {1993},
	issn = {0362-1340},
	pages = {271--297},
	numpages = {27},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/155360.155375},
	doi = {10.1145/155360.155375},
	acmid = {155375},
	publisher = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
} 

@online{2014-panigraphy,
	author = {Nilanchala Panigrahy},
	title = {History of Java Programming Language},
	year = {2014},
	date = {Mar 11, 2014},
	url = {https://stacktips.com/tutorials/java/history-of-java-programming-language},
	urldate = {Sep. 8, 2018},
	publisher = {stack tips},
}

@online{2018-rubens,
	author = {Arden Rubens},
	title = {The History of JavaScript [INFOGRAPHIC]},
	year = {2018},
	date = {Feb 12, 2018},
	url = {https://www.checkmarx.com/2018/02/12/history-javascript-infographic/},
	urldate = {Sep. 8, 2018},
}

@online{2018-lua,
	title={Lua: About},
	author={Lua.org},
	url={https://www.lua.org/about.html},
	year={2018},
	urldate = {Sep. 8, 2018},
}

@online{2001-ashton,
	title={The Timeline of Perl and its Culture},
	author={Elaine Ashton},
	url={http://history.perl.org/PerlTimeline.html},
	year={2001},
	urldate = {Sep. 8, 2018},
}

@online{2015-stranden,
	author = {Håvard Stranden},
	title = {Is it good practice to NULL a pointer after deleting it?},
	year = {2015},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/1931171},
	urldate = {Sep. 8, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2008-ddimitrov,
	author = {ddimitrov},
	title = {Is there a destructor for Java?},
	year = {2008},
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	urldate = {Sep. 8, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2013-sauer,
	author = {Lorenz Lo Sauer},
	title = {Getter and Setter?},
	year = {2013},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/18683330},
	urldate = {Sep. 8, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2006-rir,
	author = {{rir of PerlMonks}},
	title = {Re: Private and Protected class methods},
	year = {2006},
	date = {Sep 06, 2006},
	url = {https://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=571548},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	publisher = {perlmonks.org},
}

@online{2001-crockford,
	author = {Douglas Crockford},
	title = {Private Members in JavaScript},
	year = {2001},
	url = {https://crockford.com/javascript/private.html},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
}

@online{2011-lua-users,
	author = {{Lua users}},
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	year = {2011},
	url = {http://lua-users.org/wiki/ObjectOrientationClosureApproach},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
}

@online{2006-radiantmatrix,
	author = {{radiantmatrix of PerlMonks}},
	title = {Private and Protected class methods},
	year = {2006},
	date = {Sep 06, 2006},
	url = {https://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=571509},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	publisher = {perlmonks.org},
}

@online{2000-btrott,
	author = {{btrott of PerlMonks}},
	title = {Objects with Private Variables},
	year = {2000},
	date = {Apr 20, 2000},
	url = {https://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=8251},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	publisher = {perlmonks.org},
}

@online{2014-deschenes,
	author = {Francois Deschenes},
	title = {PHP Variable Overriding},
	year = {2014},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/6339221},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2013-mayer,
	author = {Mark Meyer},
	title = {Calling method in parent class from subclass methods in Ruby},
	year = {2014},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/18448863},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2016-Kazarian,
	author = {Avétis Kazarian},
	title = {Advanced JavaScript Class: Abstract Class \& Method},
	year = {2016},
	url = {https://coderwall.com/p/r47jlw/advanced-javascript-class-abstract-class-method},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	organization = {coderwall.com},
}

@online{2007-glasswalk3r,
	author = {{glasswalk3r of PerlMonks}},
	title = {Dealing with abstract methods in Perl 5.8},
	year = {2000},
	date = {Apr 24, 2007},
	url = {https://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=611771},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	publisher = {perlmonks.org},
}

@online{2009-rajhans,
	author = {Chirantan Rajhans},
	title = {How to implement an abstract class in ruby?},
	year = {2009},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/q/512466},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2009-sbi,
	author = {{sbi of stackoverflow}},
	title = {final class in c++},
	year = {2009},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/1366482},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2010-torok,
	author = {Péter Török},
	title = {How to define 'final' member functions for a class},
	year = {2010},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/3625560},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2010-byers,
	author = {Mark Byers},
	title = {In Python, how can I prohibit class inheritance? [duplicate]},
	year = {2010},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/3949004},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2008-alinkaya,
	author = {M. Utku Alinkaya},
	title = {Making functions non override-able},
	year = {2008},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/321334},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2016-mvp,
	author = {{MVP of stackoverflow}},
	title = {How to make a base class method non-overridable in ruby?},
	year = {2016},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/40247731},
	urldate = {Sep. 9, 2018},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2014-panzenbock,
	author = {Mathias Panzenböck},
	title = {C++ equivalent of instanceof},
	year = {2014},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/25231384},
	urldate = {Aug 10, 2014},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@inproceedings{1987-liskov,
	author = {Liskov, Barbara},
	title = {Keynote Address - Data Abstraction and Hierarchy},
	booktitle = {Addendum to the Proceedings on Object-oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications (Addendum)},
	series = {OOPSLA '87},
	year = {1987},
	isbn = {0-89791-266-7},
	location = {Orlando, Florida, USA},
	pages = {17--34},
	numpages = {18},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/62138.62141},
	doi = {10.1145/62138.62141},
	acmid = {62141},
	publisher = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
} 

@online{2013-manura,
	author = {David Manura},
	title = {Type Introspection},
	year = {2013},
	url = {http://lua-users.org/wiki/TypeIntrospection},
	urldate = {Apr 6, 2013},
	organization = {http://lua-users.org},
}

@online{2009-bailey,
	author = {CB Bailey},
	title = {Overloading a method in a subclass in C++},
	year = {2009},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/1734905},
	urldate = {Oct 6, 2009},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2011-berteig,
	author = {{RBerteig of stackoverflow}},
	title = {Variable number of function arguments Lua 5.1},
	year = {2011},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/7630202},
	urldate = {Oct 3, 2011},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}

@online{2011-tan,
	author = {Daniel Tan},
	title = {PHP function overloading},
	year = {2011},
	url = {https://stackoverflow.com/a/4697712},
	urldate = {Jan 15, 2011},
	organization = {stackoverflow.com},
}