diff --git a/Doc/library/fnmatch.rst b/Doc/library/fnmatch.rst
index 5cb47777ae527d..8ebb09f1f0ff4f 100644
--- a/Doc/library/fnmatch.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/fnmatch.rst
@@ -90,6 +90,16 @@ functions: :func:`fnmatch`, :func:`fnmatchcase`, :func:`.filter`.
    but implemented more efficiently.
 
 
+.. function:: filterfalse(names, pat)
+
+   Construct a list from those elements of the :term:`iterable` of filename
+   strings *names* that do not match the pattern string *pat*.
+   It is the same as ``[n for n in names if not fnmatch(n, pat)]``,
+   but implemented more efficiently.
+
+   .. versionadded:: next
+
+
 .. function:: translate(pat)
 
    Return the shell-style pattern *pat* converted to a regular expression for
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
index 3c876a193fad32..8e684b767610ed 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
@@ -529,6 +529,13 @@ errno
   (Contributed by James Roy in :gh:`126585`.)
 
 
+fnmatch
+-------
+
+* Added :func:`fnmatch.filterfalse` for excluding names matching a pattern.
+  (Contributed by Bénédikt Tran in :gh:`74598`.)
+
+
 fractions
 ---------
 
diff --git a/Lib/fnmatch.py b/Lib/fnmatch.py
index 865baea23467ea..e618df6df71d03 100644
--- a/Lib/fnmatch.py
+++ b/Lib/fnmatch.py
@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@
 The function translate(PATTERN) returns a regular expression
 corresponding to PATTERN.  (It does not compile it.)
 """
+
+import functools
+import itertools
 import os
 import posixpath
 import re
-import functools
 
 __all__ = ["filter", "fnmatch", "fnmatchcase", "translate"]
 
@@ -61,6 +63,20 @@ def filter(names, pat):
                 result.append(name)
     return result
 
+def filterfalse(names, pat):
+    """Construct a list from those elements of the iterable NAMES that do not match PAT."""
+    pat = os.path.normcase(pat)
+    match = _compile_pattern(pat)
+    if os.path is posixpath:
+        # normcase on posix is NOP. Optimize it away from the loop.
+        return list(itertools.filterfalse(match, names))
+
+    result = []
+    for name in names:
+        if match(os.path.normcase(name)) is None:
+            result.append(name)
+    return result
+
 def fnmatchcase(name, pat):
     """Test whether FILENAME matches PATTERN, including case.
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_fnmatch.py b/Lib/test/test_fnmatch.py
index 9f360e1dc10f47..bd304c925c7ab8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_fnmatch.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_fnmatch.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import string
 import warnings
 
-from fnmatch import fnmatch, fnmatchcase, translate, filter
+from fnmatch import fnmatch, fnmatchcase, translate, filter, filterfalse
 
 class FnmatchTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -327,6 +327,12 @@ def test_filter(self):
         self.assertEqual(filter([b'Python', b'Ruby', b'Perl', b'Tcl'], b'P*'),
                          [b'Python', b'Perl'])
 
+    def test_filterfalse(self):
+        actual = filterfalse(['Python', 'Ruby', 'Perl', 'Tcl'], 'P*')
+        self.assertListEqual(actual, ['Ruby', 'Tcl'])
+        actual = filterfalse([b'Python', b'Ruby', b'Perl', b'Tcl'], b'P*')
+        self.assertListEqual(actual, [b'Ruby', b'Tcl'])
+
     def test_mix_bytes_str(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, ['test'], b'*')
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, [b'test'], '*')
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-30-17-00-00.gh-issue-74598.1gVy_8.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-30-17-00-00.gh-issue-74598.1gVy_8.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3e0d052a58219e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-06-30-17-00-00.gh-issue-74598.1gVy_8.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Add :func:`fnmatch.filterfalse` for excluding names matching a pattern.
+Patch by Bénédikt Tran.