translate extending/extending.po - part 1 (#1023)

Author: mattwang44

extending/extending.po

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
-# Copyright (C) 2001-202DESCRIPTIVE TITLE., Python Software Foundation
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
 #
 # Translators:
 # Leon H., 2017
+# Adrian Liaw <adrianliaw2000@gmail.com>, 2018
+# Matt Wang <mattwang44@gmail.com>, 2025
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-23 07:52+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-05-23 14:34+0000\n"
-"Last-Translator: Adrian Liaw <adrianliaw2000@gmail.com>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-07 15:02+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-02-17 14:34+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Matt Wang <mattwang44@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Chinese - TAIWAN (https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-"
 "tw)\n"
 "Language: zh_TW\n"
@@ -30,6 +31,9 @@ msgid ""
 "done directly in Python: they can implement new built-in object types, and "
 "they can call C library functions and system calls."
 msgstr ""
+"如果你會撰寫 C 程式語言，那要向 Python 新增內建模組就不困難。這種\\ :dfn:`擴"
+"充模組 (extension modules)` 可以做兩件在 Python 中無法直接完成的事：它們可以"
+"實作新的內建物件型別，並且可以呼叫 C 的函式庫函式和系統呼叫。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:15
 msgid ""
@@ -38,12 +42,17 @@ msgid ""
 "aspects of the Python run-time system.  The Python API is incorporated in a "
 "C source file by including the header ``\"Python.h\"``."
 msgstr ""
+"為了支援擴充，Python API (Application Programmers Interface) 定義了一組函式、"
+"巨集和變數，提供對 Python run-time 系統大部分面向的存取。Python API 是透過引"
+"入標頭檔 ``\"Python.h\"`` 來被納入到一個 C 原始碼檔案中。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:20
 msgid ""
 "The compilation of an extension module depends on its intended use as well "
 "as on your system setup; details are given in later chapters."
 msgstr ""
+"擴充模組的編譯取決於其預期用途以及你的系統設定；詳細資訊將在後面的章節中提"
+"供。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:25
 msgid ""
@@ -57,6 +66,12 @@ msgid ""
 "with C code and are more portable between implementations of Python than "
 "writing and compiling a C extension module."
 msgstr ""
+"C 擴充介面是 CPython 所特有的，擴充模組在其他 Python 實作上無法運作。在許多情"
+"況下，可以避免撰寫 C 擴充並保留對其他實作的可移植性。例如，如果你的用例是呼"
+"叫 C 函式庫函式或系統呼叫，你應該考慮使用 :mod:`ctypes` 模組或 `cffi "
+"<https://cffi.readthedocs.io/>`_ 函式庫，而不是編寫自定義的 C 程式碼。這些模"
+"組讓你可以撰寫 Python 程式碼來與 C 程式碼介接，而且比起撰寫和編譯 C 擴充模"
+"組，這些模組在 Python 實作之間更容易移植。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:40
 msgid "A Simple Example"
@@ -70,6 +85,10 @@ msgid ""
 "terminated character string as argument and returns an integer.  We want "
 "this function to be callable from Python as follows:"
 msgstr ""
+"讓我們來建立一個叫做 ``spam``\\ （Monty Python 粉絲最愛的食物...）的擴充模"
+"組。假設我們要建立一個 Python 介面給 C 函式庫的函式 :c:func:`system` [#]_ 使"
+"用，這個函式接受一個以 null 終止的 (null-terminated) 字元字串做為引數，並回傳"
+"一個整數。我們希望這個函式可以在 Python 中被呼叫，如下所示："
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:48
 msgid ""
@@ -86,10 +105,13 @@ msgid ""
 "`spammodule.c`; if the module name is very long, like ``spammify``, the "
 "module name can be just :file:`spammify.c`.)"
 msgstr ""
+"首先建立一個檔案 :file:`spammodule.c`。（從過去歷史來看，如果一個模組叫做 "
+"``spam``，包含其實作的 C 檔案就會叫做 :file:`spammodule.c`；如果模組名稱很"
+"長，像是 ``spammify``，模組名稱也可以只是 :file:`spammify.c`）。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:58
 msgid "The first two lines of our file can be::"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "我們檔案的前兩列可以為： ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:60 ../../extending/extending.rst:663
 msgid ""
@@ -104,13 +126,17 @@ msgid ""
 "which pulls in the Python API (you can add a comment describing the purpose "
 "of the module and a copyright notice if you like)."
 msgstr ""
+"這會將 Python API 拉進來（你可以加入註解來說明模組的目的，也可以加入版權聲"
+"明)。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:68
 msgid ""
 "Since Python may define some pre-processor definitions which affect the "
 "standard headers on some systems, you *must* include :file:`Python.h` before "
 "any standard headers are included."
 msgstr ""
+"由於 Python 可能定義一些影響系統上某些標準標頭檔的預處理器定義，你\\ *必須"
+"*\\ 在引入任何標準標頭檔之前引入 :file:`Python.h`。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:72
 msgid ""
@@ -119,6 +145,9 @@ msgid ""
 "3.13, but we keep it here for backward compatibility. See :ref:`arg-parsing-"
 "string-and-buffers` for a description of this macro."
 msgstr ""
+"``#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` 被用來表示在某些 API 中應該使用 ``Py_ssize_t`` "
+"而不是 ``int``。自 Python 3.13 起，它就不再是必要的了，但我們在此保留它以便向"
+"後相容。關於這個巨集的描述請參閱 :ref:`arg-parsing-string-and-buffers`。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:77
 msgid ""
@@ -130,13 +159,22 @@ msgid ""
 "on your system, it declares the functions :c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`free` "
 "and :c:func:`realloc` directly."
 msgstr ""
+"除了那些在標準標頭檔中定義的符號以外，所有由 :file:`Python.h` 定義的使用者可"
+"見符號 (user-visible symbols) 的前綴都是 ``Py`` 或 ``PY``。為了方便，也因為 "
+"Python 直譯器的大量使用，``\"Python.h\"`` 也引入了一些標準的標頭檔："
+"``<stdio.h>``、``<string.h>``、``<errno.h>`` 和 ``<stdlib.h>``。如果 "
+"``<stdlib.h>`` 在你的系統上不存在，它會直接宣"
+"告 :c:func:`malloc`、:c:func:`free` 和 :c:func:`realloc` 函式。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:85
 msgid ""
 "The next thing we add to our module file is the C function that will be "
 "called when the Python expression ``spam.system(string)`` is evaluated "
 "(we'll see shortly how it ends up being called)::"
 msgstr ""
+"接下來我們要加入到模組檔案的是 C 函式，當 Python 運算式 "
+"``spam.system(string)`` 要被求值 (evaluated) 時就會被呼叫（我們很快就會看到它"
+"最後是如何被呼叫的）： ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:89
 msgid ""
@@ -171,12 +209,16 @@ msgid ""
 "C function.  The C function always has two arguments, conventionally named "
 "*self* and *args*."
 msgstr ""
+"可以很直觀地從 Python 的引數串列（例如單一的運算式 ``\"ls -l\"``）直接轉換成"
+"傳給 C 函式的引數。C 函式總是有兩個引數，習慣上會命名為 *self* 和 *args*。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:106
 msgid ""
 "The *self* argument points to the module object for module-level functions; "
 "for a method it would point to the object instance."
 msgstr ""
+"對於模組層級的函式，*self* 引數會指向模組物件；而對於方法來說則是指向物件的實"
+"例。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:109
 msgid ""
@@ -189,6 +231,11 @@ msgid ""
 "determine the required types of the arguments as well as the types of the C "
 "variables into which to store the converted values.  More about this later."
 msgstr ""
+"*args* 引數會是一個指向包含引數的 Python 元組物件的指標。元組中的每一項都對應"
+"於呼叫的引數串列中的一個引數。引數是 Python 物件 --- 為了在我們的 C 函式中對"
+"它們做任何事情，我們必須先將它們轉換成 C 值。Python API 中"
+"的 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 函式能夠檢查引數型別並將他們轉換為 C 值。它使用"
+"模板字串來決定所需的引數型別以及儲存轉換值的 C 變數型別。稍後會再詳細說明。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:118
 msgid ""
@@ -199,10 +246,14 @@ msgid ""
 "the calling function can return ``NULL`` immediately (as we saw in the "
 "example)."
 msgstr ""
+"如果所有的引數都有正確的型別，且其元件已儲存在傳入位址的變數中，"
+"則 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 會回傳 true（非零）。如果傳入的是無效引數串列則"
+"回傳 false（零）。在後者情況下，它也會產生適當的例外，因此呼叫函式可以立即回"
+"傳 ``NULL``\\ （就像我們在範例中所看到的）。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:128
 msgid "Intermezzo: Errors and Exceptions"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "插曲：錯誤與例外"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:130
 msgid ""
@@ -215,12 +266,17 @@ msgid ""
 "the exception type, exception instance, and a traceback object.  It is "
 "important to know about them to understand how errors are passed around."
 msgstr ""
+"在整個 Python 直譯器中的一個重要慣例為：當一個函式失敗時，它就應該設定一個例"
+"外條件，並回傳一個錯誤值（通常是 ``-1`` 或一個 ``NULL`` 指標）。例外資訊會儲"
+"存在直譯器執行緒狀態的三個成員中。如果沒有例外，它們就會是 ``NULL``。否則，它"
+"們是由 :meth:`sys.exc_info` 所回傳的 Python 元組中的 C 等效元組。它們是例外型"
+"別、例外實例和回溯物件。了解它們對於理解錯誤是如何傳遞是很重要的。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:139
 msgid ""
 "The Python API defines a number of functions to set various types of "
 "exceptions."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Python API 定義了許多能夠設定各種類型例外的函式。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:141
 msgid ""
@@ -230,6 +286,10 @@ msgid ""
 "indicates the cause of the error and is converted to a Python string object "
 "and stored as the \"associated value\" of the exception."
 msgstr ""
+"最常見的是 :c:func:`PyErr_SetString`。它的引數是一個例外物件和一個 C 字串。例"
+"外物件通常是預先定義的物件，例如 :c:data:`PyExc_ZeroDivisionError`。C 字串則"
+"指出錯誤的原因，並被轉換為 Python 字串物件且被儲存為例外的「關聯值 "
+"(associated value)」。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:147
 msgid ""
@@ -240,6 +300,10 @@ msgid ""
 "associated value.  You don't need to :c:func:`Py_INCREF` the objects passed "
 "to any of these functions."
 msgstr ""
+"另一個有用的函式是 :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromErrno`，它只接受一個例外引數，並透過"
+"檢查全域變數 :c:data:`errno` 來建立關聯值。最一般的函式"
+"是 :c:func:`PyErr_SetObject`，它接受兩個物件引數，即例外和它的關聯值。你不需"
+"要對傳給任何這些函式的物件呼叫 :c:func:`Py_INCREF`。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:154
 msgid ""
@@ -249,6 +313,10 @@ msgid ""
 "func:`PyErr_Occurred` to see whether an error occurred in a function call, "
 "since you should be able to tell from the return value."
 msgstr ""
+"你可以使用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 來不具破壞性地測試例外是否已被設定。這會"
+"回傳當前的例外物件，如果沒有例外發生則回傳 ``NULL``。你通常不需要呼"
+"叫 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 來查看函式呼叫是否發生錯誤，因為你應可從回傳值就"
+"得知。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:160
 msgid ""
@@ -262,6 +330,12 @@ msgid ""
 "interpreter's main loop, this aborts the currently executing Python code and "
 "tries to find an exception handler specified by the Python programmer."
 msgstr ""
+"當函式 *f* 呼叫另一個函式 *g* 時檢測到後者失敗，*f* 本身應該回傳一個錯誤值"
+"（通常是 ``NULL`` 或 ``-1``）。它\\ *不*\\ 應該呼叫 ``PyErr_*`` 函式的其中一"
+"個，這會已被 *g* 呼叫過。*f* 的呼叫者然後也應該回傳一個錯誤指示給\\ *它的*\\ "
+"呼叫者，同樣\\ *不會*\\ 呼叫 ``PyErr_*``，依此類推 --- 最詳細的錯誤原因已經被"
+"首先檢測到它的函式回報了。一旦錯誤到達 Python 直譯器的主要迴圈，這會中止目前"
+"執行的 Python 程式碼，並嘗試尋找 Python 程式設計者指定的例外處理程式。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:170
 msgid ""
@@ -271,6 +345,9 @@ msgid ""
 "cause information about the cause of the error to be lost: most operations "
 "can fail for a variety of reasons.)"
 msgstr ""
+"（在某些情況下，模組可以透過呼叫另一個 ``PyErr_*`` 函式來提供更詳細的錯誤訊"
+"息，在這種情況下這樣做是沒問題的。然而這一般來說並非必要，而且可能會導致錯誤"
+"原因資訊的遺失：大多數的操作都可能因為各種原因而失敗。）"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:176
 msgid ""
@@ -280,6 +357,10 @@ msgid ""
 "pass the error on to the interpreter but wants to handle it completely by "
 "itself (possibly by trying something else, or pretending nothing went wrong)."
 msgstr ""
+"要忽略由函式呼叫失敗所設定的例外，必須明確地呼叫 :c:func:`PyErr_Clear` 來清除"
+"例外條件。C 程式碼唯一要呼叫 :c:func:`PyErr_Clear` 的情況為當它不想將錯誤傳遞"
+"給直譯器而想要完全是自己來處理它時（可能是要再嘗試其他東西，或者假裝什麼都沒"
+"出錯）。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:182
 msgid ""
@@ -289,6 +370,11 @@ msgid ""
 "creating functions (for example, :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong`) already do this, "
 "so this note is only relevant to those who call :c:func:`malloc` directly."
 msgstr ""
+"每個失敗的 :c:func:`malloc` 呼叫都必須被轉換成一個例外 "
+"--- :c:func:`malloc`\\ （或 :c:func:`realloc`）的直接呼叫者必須呼"
+"叫 :c:func:`PyErr_NoMemory` 並回傳一個失敗指示器。所有建立物件的函式（例"
+"如 :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong`）都已經這麼做了，所以這個注意事項只和那些直接呼"
+"叫 :c:func:`malloc` 的函式有關。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:188
 msgid ""
@@ -297,13 +383,18 @@ msgid ""
 "positive value or zero for success and ``-1`` for failure, like Unix system "
 "calls."
 msgstr ""
+"還要注意的是，有 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 及同系列函式的這些重要例外，回傳"
+"整數狀態的函式通常會回傳一個正值或 0 表示成功、回傳 ``-1`` 表示失敗，就像 "
+"Unix 系統呼叫一樣。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:192
 msgid ""
 "Finally, be careful to clean up garbage (by making :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` or :"
 "c:func:`Py_DECREF` calls for objects you have already created) when you "
 "return an error indicator!"
 msgstr ""
+"最後，在回傳錯誤指示器時要注意垃圾清理（透過對你已經建立的物件呼"
+"叫 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 或 :c:func:`Py_DECREF`）！"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:196
 msgid ""
@@ -317,12 +408,21 @@ msgid ""
 "you have an argument whose value must be in a particular range or must "
 "satisfy other conditions, :c:data:`PyExc_ValueError` is appropriate."
 msgstr ""
+"你完全可以自行選擇要產生的例外。有一些預先宣告的 C 物件會對應到所有內建的 "
+"Python 例外，例如 :c:data:`PyExc_ZeroDivisionError`，你可以直接使用它們。當"
+"然，你應該明智地選擇例外，像是不要使用 :c:data:`PyExc_TypeError` 來表示檔案無"
+"法打開（應該是 :c:data:`PyExc_OSError`）。如果引數串列有問"
+"題，:c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 函式通常會引發 :c:data:`PyExc_TypeError`。如果"
+"你有一個引數的值必須在一個特定的範圍內或必須滿足其他條件，則可以使"
+"用 :c:data:`PyExc_ValueError`。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:206
 msgid ""
 "You can also define a new exception that is unique to your module. For this, "
 "you usually declare a static object variable at the beginning of your file::"
 msgstr ""
+"你也可以定義一個你的模組特有的新例外。為此你通常會在檔案開頭宣告一個靜態物件"
+"變數： ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:209
 msgid "static PyObject *SpamError;"
@@ -333,9 +433,10 @@ msgid ""
 "and initialize it in your module's initialization function (:c:func:`!"
 "PyInit_spam`) with an exception object::"
 msgstr ""
+"並在你的模組初始化函式中使用一個例外物件來初始化它 (:c:func:`!"
+"PyInit_spam`)： ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:214
-#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "PyMODINIT_FUNC\n"
 "PyInit_spam(void)\n"
@@ -366,9 +467,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "        return NULL;\n"
 "\n"
 "    SpamError = PyErr_NewException(\"spam.error\", NULL, NULL);\n"
-"    Py_XINCREF(SpamError);\n"
-"    if (PyModule_AddObject(m, \"error\", SpamError) < 0) {\n"
-"        Py_XDECREF(SpamError);\n"
+"    if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"error\", SpamError) < 0) {\n"
 "        Py_CLEAR(SpamError);\n"
 "        Py_DECREF(m);\n"
 "        return NULL;\n"
@@ -384,6 +483,9 @@ msgid ""
 "class being :exc:`Exception` (unless another class is passed in instead of "
 "``NULL``), described in :ref:`bltin-exceptions`."
 msgstr ""
+"請注意，例外物件的 Python 名稱是 :exc:`!spam.error`。如同\\ :ref:`bltin-"
+"exceptions`\\ 所述，:c:func:`PyErr_NewException` 函式可能會建立一個基底類別"
+"為 :exc:`Exception` 的類別（除非傳入另一個類別來代替 ``NULL``）。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:238
 msgid ""
@@ -395,18 +497,25 @@ msgid ""
 "pointer, C code which raises the exception could cause a core dump or other "
 "unintended side effects."
 msgstr ""
+"請注意，:c:data:`!SpamError` 變數保留了對新建立的例外類別的參照；這是故意的！"
+"因為外部程式碼可能會從模組中移除這個例外，所以需要一個對這個類別的參照來確保"
+"它不會被丟棄而導致 :c:data:`!SpamError` 變成一個迷途指標 (dangling pointer)。"
+"如果它變成迷途指標，那產生例外的 C 程式碼可能會導致核心轉儲 (core dump) 或其"
+"他不預期的 side effect。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:245
 msgid ""
 "We discuss the use of :c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` as a function return type "
 "later in this sample."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "我們稍後會討論 :c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` 作為函式回傳型別的用法。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:248
 msgid ""
 "The :exc:`!spam.error` exception can be raised in your extension module "
 "using a call to :c:func:`PyErr_SetString` as shown below::"
 msgstr ""
+"可以在你的擴充模組中呼叫 :c:func:`PyErr_SetString` 來引發 :exc:`!spam.error` "
+"例外，如下所示： ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:251
 msgid ""
@@ -450,7 +559,7 @@ msgstr "回到範例"
 msgid ""
 "Going back to our example function, you should now be able to understand "
 "this statement::"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "回到我們的範例函式，現在你應該可以理解這個陳述式了： ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:276
 msgid ""
@@ -470,12 +579,19 @@ msgid ""
 "which it points (so in Standard C, the variable :c:data:`!command` should "
 "properly be declared as ``const char *command``)."
 msgstr ""
+"如果在引數串列中檢測到錯誤則會回傳 ``NULL``\\ （回傳物件指標之函式的錯誤指示"
+"器），其依賴於 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 設定的例外，否則引數的字串值會已被"
+"複製到區域變數 :c:data:`!command` 中。這是一個指標賦值，你不應該修改它所指向"
+"的字串（所以在標準 C 中，:c:data:`!command` 變數應該正確地被宣告為 ``const "
+"char *command``）。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:287
 msgid ""
 "The next statement is a call to the Unix function :c:func:`system`, passing "
 "it the string we just got from :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`::"
 msgstr ""
+"接下來的陳述式會呼叫 Unix 函式 :c:func:`system`，並將剛才"
+"從 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 得到的字串傳給它："
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:290
 msgid "sts = system(command);"
@@ -487,6 +603,8 @@ msgid ""
 "a Python object.  This is done using the function :c:func:"
 "`PyLong_FromLong`. ::"
 msgstr ""
+"我們的 :func:`!spam.system` 函式必須以 Python 物件的形式來回傳 :c:data:`!"
+"sts` 的值。這是透過 :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` 函式來達成。 ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:295
 msgid "return PyLong_FromLong(sts);"
@@ -497,6 +615,8 @@ msgid ""
 "In this case, it will return an integer object.  (Yes, even integers are "
 "objects on the heap in Python!)"
 msgstr ""
+"在這種情況下它會回傳一個整數物件。(是的，在 Python 中連整數也是堆積 (heap) 上"
+"的物件！)"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:300
 msgid ""
@@ -505,6 +625,9 @@ msgid ""
 "``None``.   You need this idiom to do so (which is implemented by the :c:"
 "macro:`Py_RETURN_NONE` macro)::"
 msgstr ""
+"如果你有一個不回傳任何有用引數的 C 函式（一個回傳 :c:expr:`void` 的函式），對"
+"應的 Python 函式必須回傳 ``None``。你需要以下這個慣例來達成"
+"（由 :c:macro:`Py_RETURN_NONE` 巨集實作）： ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:305
 msgid ""
@@ -520,16 +643,21 @@ msgid ""
 "is a genuine Python object rather than a ``NULL`` pointer, which means "
 "\"error\" in most contexts, as we have seen."
 msgstr ""
+":c:data:`Py_None` 是特殊 Python 物件 ``None`` 的 C 名稱。它是一個真正的 "
+"Python 物件而不是一個 ``NULL`` 指標，在大多數的情況下它的意思是「錯誤」，如我"
+"們所見過的那樣。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:316
 msgid "The Module's Method Table and Initialization Function"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "模組的方法表和初始化函式"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:318
 msgid ""
 "I promised to show how :c:func:`!spam_system` is called from Python "
 "programs. First, we need to list its name and address in a \"method table\"::"
 msgstr ""
+"我承諾過要展示 :c:func:`!spam_system` 是如何從 Python 程式中呼叫的。首先，我"
+"們需要在「方法表」中列出它的名稱和位址： ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:321
 msgid ""
@@ -541,6 +669,13 @@ msgid ""
 "    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}        /* Sentinel */\n"
 "};"
 msgstr ""
+"static PyMethodDef SpamMethods[] = {\n"
+"    ...\n"
+"    {\"system\",  spam_system, METH_VARARGS,\n"
+"     \"Execute a shell command.\"},\n"
+"    ...\n"
+"    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}        /* Sentinel */\n"
+"};"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:329
 msgid ""
@@ -550,13 +685,19 @@ msgid ""
 "value of ``0`` means that an obsolete variant of :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` "
 "is used."
 msgstr ""
+"請注意第三個項目 (``METH_VARARGS``)。這是一個告訴直譯器 C 函式之呼叫方式的旗"
+"標。通常應該是 ``METH_VARARGS`` 或 ``METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS``；``0`` 表"
+"示是使用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 的一個過時變體。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:334
 msgid ""
 "When using only ``METH_VARARGS``, the function should expect the Python-"
 "level parameters to be passed in as a tuple acceptable for parsing via :c:"
 "func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`; more information on this function is provided below."
 msgstr ""
+"當只使用 ``METH_VARARGS`` 時，函式應預期 Python 層級的參數是以元組形式傳入且"
+"能夠接受以 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 進行剖析；有關此函式的更多資訊將在下面"
+"提供。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:338
 msgid ""
@@ -566,11 +707,15 @@ msgid ""
 "keywords. Use :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` to parse the arguments "
 "to such a function."
 msgstr ""
+"如果要將關鍵字引數傳給函式，可以在第三個欄位設定 :c:macro:`METH_KEYWORDS` 位"
+"元。在這種情況下，C 函式應該要能接受第三個 ``PyObject *`` 參數，這個參數將會"
+"是關鍵字的字典。可使用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` 來剖析這種函式的"
+"引數。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:344
 msgid ""
 "The method table must be referenced in the module definition structure::"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "方法表必須在模組定義結構中被參照： ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:346
 msgid ""
@@ -583,6 +728,14 @@ msgid ""
 "    SpamMethods\n"
 "};"
 msgstr ""
+"static struct PyModuleDef spammodule = {\n"
+"    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n"
+"    \"spam\",   /* 模組名稱 */\n"
+"    spam_doc, /* 模組文件，可能為 NULL */\n"
+"    -1,       /* 模組的個別直譯器狀態的大小，\n"
+"                 如果模組將狀態保存在全域變數中則為 -1 */\n"
+"    SpamMethods\n"
+"};"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:355
 msgid ""
@@ -591,6 +744,9 @@ msgid ""
 "`!PyInit_name`, where *name* is the name of the module, and should be the "
 "only non-\\ ``static`` item defined in the module file::"
 msgstr ""
+"反過來說，這個結構必須在模組的初始化函式中被傳給直譯器。初始化函式必須被命名"
+"為 :c:func:`!PyInit_name`，其中 *name* 是模組的名稱，且應該是模組檔案中唯一定"
+"義的非「靜態 (``static``)」項目： ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:360
 msgid ""
@@ -612,6 +768,8 @@ msgid ""
 "return type, declares any special linkage declarations required by the "
 "platform, and for C++ declares the function as ``extern \"C\"``."
 msgstr ""
+"請注意，:c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` 宣告函式的回傳型別為 `PyObject *``、宣告平"
+"台所需的任何特殊連結宣告、並針對 C++ 宣告函式為 ``extern \"C\"``。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:370
 msgid ""
@@ -626,6 +784,14 @@ msgid ""
 "The init function must return the module object to its caller, so that it "
 "then gets inserted into ``sys.modules``."
 msgstr ""
+"當 Python 程式第一次引入模組 :mod:`!spam` 時，:c:func:`!PyInit_spam` 會被呼"
+"叫。（有關嵌入 Python 的註解請參見下文。）它會呼叫回傳一個模組物件"
+"的 :c:func:`PyModule_Create`，並根據在模組定義中所找到的表（一"
+"個 :c:type:`PyMethodDef` 結構的陣列）將內建的函式物件插入到新建立的模組"
+"中。:c:func:`PyModule_Create` 會回傳一個指向它建立之模組物件的指標。對於某些"
+"錯誤情況，它可能會以嚴重錯誤的形式來中止；如果模組無法令人滿意地被初始化，它"
+"也會回傳 ``NULL``。初始化函式必須把模組物件回傳給它的呼叫者，這樣它才會被插入"
+"到 ``sys.modules`` 中。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:381
 msgid ""
@@ -634,6 +800,9 @@ msgid ""
 "table. To add the module to the initialization table, use :c:func:"
 "`PyImport_AppendInittab`, optionally followed by an import of the module::"
 msgstr ""
+"嵌入 Python 時，除非在 :c:data:`PyImport_Inittab` 表中有相關條目，否則不會自"
+"動呼叫 :c:func:`!PyInit_spam` 函式。要將模組加入初始化表，請使"
+"用 :c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab` 並在隨後選擇性地將該模組引入： ::"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:386
 msgid ""
@@ -687,6 +856,55 @@ msgid ""
 "     Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n"
 "}"
 msgstr ""
+"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n"
+"#include <Python.h>\n"
+"\n"
+"int\n"
+"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
+"{\n"
+"    PyStatus status;\n"
+"    PyConfig config;\n"
+"    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n"
+"\n"
+"    /* 在 Py_Initialize 之前加入內建模組 */\n"
+"    if (PyImport_AppendInittab(\"spam\", PyInit_spam) == -1) {\n"
+"        fprintf(stderr, \"Error: could not extend in-built modules "
+"table\\n\");\n"
+"        exit(1);\n"
+"    }\n"
+"\n"
+"    /* 將 argv[0] 傳給 Python 直譯器 */\n"
+"    status = PyConfig_SetBytesString(&config, &config.program_name, "
+"argv[0]);\n"
+"    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n"
+"        goto exception;\n"
+"    }\n"
+"\n"
+"    /* 初始化 Python 直譯器。這會是必要的。\n"
+"       如果此步驟失敗就會導致嚴重錯誤。*/\n"
+"    status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n"
+"    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n"
+"        goto exception;\n"
+"    }\n"
+"    PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n"
+"\n"
+"    /* 可選擇引入模組；或者\n"
+"       可以延遲引入，直至嵌入式腳本\n"
+"       將其引入。*/\n"
+"    PyObject *pmodule = PyImport_ImportModule(\"spam\");\n"
+"    if (!pmodule) {\n"
+"        PyErr_Print();\n"
+"        fprintf(stderr, \"Error: could not import module 'spam'\\n\");\n"
+"    }\n"
+"\n"
+"    // ... 在此使用 Python C API ...\n"
+"\n"
+"    return 0;\n"
+"\n"
+"  exception:\n"
+"     PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n"
+"     Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n"
+"}"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:436
 msgid ""
@@ -696,13 +914,18 @@ msgid ""
 "extension modules. Extension module authors should exercise caution when "
 "initializing internal data structures."
 msgstr ""
+"從 ``sys.modules`` 中移除項目，或在一個行程中將已編譯模組引入到多個直譯器中"
+"（或在沒有 :c:func:`exec` 介入的情況下使用 :c:func:`fork`）可能會對某些擴充模"
+"組造成問題。擴充模組作者在初始化內部資料結構時應特別小心。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:442
 msgid ""
 "A more substantial example module is included in the Python source "
 "distribution as :file:`Modules/xxmodule.c`.  This file may be used as a  "
 "template or simply read as an example."
 msgstr ""
+"Python 原始碼發行版本中包含了一個更實質的範例模組 :file:`Modules/"
+"xxmodule.c`。這個檔案可以當作模板使用，也可以簡單地當作範例來閱讀。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:448
 msgid ""
@@ -711,6 +934,10 @@ msgid ""
 "``PyInit_spam``, and creation of the module is left to the import machinery. "
 "For details on multi-phase initialization, see :PEP:`489`."
 msgstr ""
+"不像我們的 ``spam`` 範例，``xxmodule`` 使用了\\ *多階段初始化 (multi-phase "
+"initialization)*\\ （Python 3.5 新增），其中的 PyModuleDef 結構會從 "
+"``PyInit_spam`` 回傳，而模組的建立則交由引入機制來完成。關於多階段初始化的詳"
+"細資訊請參閱 :PEP:`489`。"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:457
 msgid "Compilation and Linkage"
@@ -1078,14 +1305,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:737
-#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "int PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *arg, PyObject *kwdict,\n"
 "                                const char *format, char * const "
 "*kwlist, ...);"
 msgstr ""
 "int PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *arg, PyObject *kwdict,\n"
-"                                const char *format, char *kwlist[], ...);"
+"                                const char *format, char * const "
+"*kwlist, ...);"
 
 #: ../../extending/extending.rst:740
 msgid ""