diff --git a/tests/domain/Element.test.js b/tests/domain/Element.test.js
index 2d822e2..84ce8f2 100644
--- a/tests/domain/Element.test.js
+++ b/tests/domain/Element.test.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { expect } from 'chai';
 import { Element } from '../../src/domain/entities/Element.js';
+import { MockElement } from './MockElement.js'; // A mock element class for testing
 import { Position } from '../../src/domain/valueObjects/Position.js';
 import { Label } from '../../src/domain/valueObjects/Label.js';
 import { Properties } from '../../src/domain/valueObjects/Properties.js';
@@ -10,93 +11,73 @@ describe('Basic Import Test', () => {
         expect(Element).to.be.a('function');
     });
 });
-/**
- * MockElement class extends the Element class for testing purposes.
- */
-class MockElement extends Element {
-    constructor(id, terminals = [], label = null, properties = new Properties()) {
-        super(id, terminals, label, properties);
-        this.type = 'mock';
-    }
-}
 
 describe('Element Class Tests', () => {
-    it('An element should have a unique identifier', () => {
-        const element = new MockElement('E1', [new Position(10, 20)], null, new Properties());
-        expect(element.id).to.equal('E1');
-    });
+    /**
+     * Parameterized test function to validate Element subclasses.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type - The type of the Element subclass (e.g., 'Resistor', 'Wire', 'MockElement').
+     * @param {Function} ElementClass - The Element subclass to test.
+     * @param {Object} defaultProperties - Default properties for the Element subclass.
+     */
+    const testElementSubclass = (type, ElementClass, defaultProperties) => {
+        describe(`${type} Tests`, () => {
+            it(`A ${type.toLowerCase()} should have a unique identifier`, () => {
+                const element = new ElementClass('E1', [new Position(10, 20), new Position(30, 40)], null, new Properties(defaultProperties));
+                expect(element.id).to.equal('E1');
+            });
 
-    it('An element should validate terminals as an array of Position instances', () => {
-        const terminals = [new Position(10, 20), new Position(30, 40)];
-        const element = new MockElement('E2', terminals, null, new Properties());
-        expect(element.terminals).to.deep.equal(terminals);
-    });
+            it(`A ${type.toLowerCase()} should validate terminals as an array of Position instances`, () => {
+                const terminals = [new Position(10, 20), new Position(30, 40)];
+                const element = new ElementClass('E2', terminals, null, new Properties(defaultProperties));
+                expect(element.terminals).to.deep.equal(terminals);
+            });
 
-    it('An element should throw an error if terminals are invalid', () => {
-        expect(() => new MockElement('E3', [10, 20], null, new Properties())).to.throw(
-            "Terminals must be an array of Position instances."
-        );
-    });
+            it(`A ${type.toLowerCase()} should throw an error if terminals are invalid`, () => {
+                expect(() => new ElementClass('E3', [10, 20], null, new Properties(defaultProperties))).to.throw(
+                    "Terminals must be an array of Position instances."
+                );
+            });
 
-    it('An element should accept a label of type Label or null', () => {
-        const label = new Label('Test Label');
-        const element = new MockElement('E4', [new Position(10, 20)], label, new Properties());
-        expect(element.label).to.equal(label);
-    });
+            it(`A ${type.toLowerCase()} should accept a label of type Label or null`, () => {
+                const label = new Label(`${type} Label`);
+                const element = new ElementClass('E4', [new Position(10, 20), new Position(30, 40)], label, new Properties(defaultProperties));
+                expect(element.label).to.equal(label);
+            });
 
-    it('An element should throw an error if label is invalid', () => {
-        expect(() => new MockElement('E5', [new Position(10, 20)], 'Invalid Label', new Properties())).to.throw(
-            "Label must be an instance of Label or null."
-        );
-    });
+            it(`A ${type.toLowerCase()} should throw an error if label is invalid`, () => {
+                expect(() => new ElementClass('E5', [new Position(10, 20), new Position(30, 40)], 'Invalid Label', new Properties(defaultProperties))).to.throw(
+                    "Label must be an instance of Label or null."
+                );
+            });
 
-    it('An element should accept properties of type Properties', () => {
-        const properties = new Properties({ resistance: 100 });
-        const element = new MockElement('E6', [new Position(10, 20)], null, properties);
-        expect(element.properties).to.equal(properties);
-    });
+            it(`A ${type.toLowerCase()} should accept properties of type Properties`, () => {
+                const properties = new Properties(defaultProperties);
+                const element = new ElementClass('E6', [new Position(10, 20), new Position(30, 40)], null, properties);
+                expect(element.properties).to.equal(properties);
+            });
 
-    it('Properties should accept a float, a "variable" string, or "undefined"', () => {
-        // Valid cases
-        const validProperties1 = new Properties({ resistance: 100, capacitance: "variable", inductance: "undefined" });
-        expect(validProperties1.values.resistance).to.equal(100);
-        expect(validProperties1.values.capacitance).to.equal("variable");
-        expect(validProperties1.values.inductance).to.equal("undefined");
-    
-        // Invalid cases
-        expect(() => new Properties({ resistance: true })).to.throw(
-            'Invalid value for property "resistance". Must be a float, "variable", or "undefined".'
-        );
-        expect(() => new Properties({ capacitance: null })).to.throw(
-            'Invalid value for property "capacitance". Must be a float, "variable", or "undefined".'
-        );
-        expect(() => new Properties({ inductance: {} })).to.throw(
-            'Invalid value for property "inductance". Must be a float, "variable", or "undefined".'
-        );
-    });
-    
-
-    it('An element should throw an error if properties are invalid', () => {
-        expect(() => new MockElement('E7', [new Position(10, 20)], null, { invalid: 'properties' })).to.throw(
-            "Properties must be an instance of Properties."
-        );
-    });
+            it(`A ${type.toLowerCase()} should throw an error if properties are invalid`, () => {
+                expect(() => new ElementClass('E7', [new Position(10, 20), new Position(30, 40)], null, { invalid: 'properties' })).to.throw(
+                    "Properties must be an instance of Properties."
+                );
+            });
 
-    it('An element should be abstract and not directly instantiable', () => {
-        expect(() => new Element('E8', [new Position(10, 20)], null, new Properties())).to.throw(
-            "Cannot instantiate abstract class Element directly."
-        );
-    });
+            it(`A ${type.toLowerCase()} should support the describe method`, () => {
+                const terminals = [new Position(10, 20), new Position(30, 40)];
+                const label = new Label(`${type} Label`);
+                const properties = new Properties(defaultProperties);
 
-    it('An element should support the describe method', () => {
-        const terminals = [new Position(10, 20), new Position(30, 40)];
-        const label = new Label('Test Label');
-        const properties = new Properties({ resistance: 100 });
-        const element = new MockElement('E9', terminals, label, properties);
+                const element = new ElementClass('E8', terminals, label, properties);
 
-        const description = element.describe();
-        expect(description).to.equal(
-            'mock (E9): terminals: [(10, 20), (30, 40)], label: "Test Label", properties: resistance: 100'
-        );
-    });
-});
+                const description = element.describe();
+                expect(description).to.include(`${type.toLowerCase()} (E8): terminals:`);
+                expect(description).to.include(`label: "${type} Label"`);
+                expect(description).to.include(`properties:`);
+            });
+        });
+    };
+    
+    // Tests for MockElement
+    testElementSubclass('MockElement', MockElement, { mockProperty: 42 });
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/domain/MockElement.js b/tests/domain/MockElement.js
index 3284c6d..2d3e80a 100644
--- a/tests/domain/MockElement.js
+++ b/tests/domain/MockElement.js
@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ export class MockElement extends Element {
      */
     constructor(id, terminals = [], label = null, properties = new Properties()) {
         super(id, terminals, label, properties);
-        this.type = 'mock';
+        this.type = 'mockelement';
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/domain/Properties.test.js b/tests/domain/Properties.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59c8065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/domain/Properties.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+import { Properties } from '../../src/domain/valueObjects/Properties.js';
+
+describe('Properties Class Tests', () => {
+    it('should describe properties correctly', () => {
+        const properties = new Properties({ resistance: 100, capacitance: "variable" });
+        const description = properties.describe();
+        expect(description).to.equal("resistance: 100, capacitance: variable");
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty properties correctly', () => {
+        const properties = new Properties({});
+        const description = properties.describe();
+        expect(description).to.equal("");
+    });
+});