diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 597cb3e57..f154ba25d 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
 
-# Pull in SDK (must be before project)
-include(pico_sdk_import.cmake)
-include(pico_extras_import_optional.cmake)
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    # Pull in SDK (must be before project)
+    include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/pico_sdk_import.cmake)
+    include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/pico_extras_import_optional.cmake)
 
-project(pico_examples C CXX ASM)
+    pico_is_top_level_project(PICO_EXAMPLES_TOP_LEVEL_PROJECT)
+
+    if (PICO_EXAMPLES_TOP_LEVEL_PROJECT)
+        project(pico_examples C CXX ASM)
+    else()
+        # Go back to individual example for project
+        return()
+    endif()
+endif()
 
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
@@ -13,7 +22,7 @@ if (PICO_SDK_VERSION_STRING VERSION_LESS "2.1.0")
     message(FATAL_ERROR "Raspberry Pi Pico SDK version 2.1.0 (or later) required. Your version is ${PICO_SDK_VERSION_STRING}")
 endif()
 
-set(PICO_EXAMPLES_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})
+set(PICO_EXAMPLES_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR})
 
 # If you want debug output from USB (pass -DPICO_STDIO_USB=1) this ensures you don't lose any debug output while USB is set up
 if (NOT DEFINED PICO_STDIO_USB_CONNECT_WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS)
@@ -23,7 +32,7 @@ endif()
 # Initialize the SDK
 pico_sdk_init()
 
-include(example_auto_set_url.cmake)
+include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/example_auto_set_url.cmake)
 
 function(add_subdirectory_exclude_platforms NAME)
     if (ARGN)
@@ -42,13 +51,6 @@ function(add_subdirectory_exclude_platforms NAME)
     add_subdirectory(${NAME})
 endfunction()
 
-# Add blink example
-add_subdirectory_exclude_platforms(blink)
-add_subdirectory_exclude_platforms(blink_simple)
-
-# Add hello world example
-add_subdirectory_exclude_platforms(hello_world)
-
 add_compile_options(-Wall
         -Wno-format          # int != int32_t as far as the compiler is concerned because gcc has int32_t as long int
         -Wno-unused-function # we have some for the docs that aren't called
@@ -57,34 +59,43 @@ if (CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
     add_compile_options(-Wno-maybe-uninitialized)
 endif()
 
-# Hardware-specific examples in subdirectories:
-add_subdirectory(adc)
-add_subdirectory(binary_info)
-add_subdirectory(bootloaders)
-add_subdirectory(clocks)
-add_subdirectory(cmake)
-add_subdirectory(dcp)
-add_subdirectory(divider)
-add_subdirectory(dma)
-add_subdirectory(flash)
-add_subdirectory(gpio)
-add_subdirectory(hstx)
-add_subdirectory(i2c)
-add_subdirectory(interp)
-add_subdirectory(multicore)
-add_subdirectory(otp)
-add_subdirectory(picoboard)
-add_subdirectory(pico_w)
-add_subdirectory(pio)
-add_subdirectory(pwm)
-add_subdirectory(reset)
-add_subdirectory(rtc)
-add_subdirectory(spi)
-add_subdirectory(system)
-add_subdirectory(timer)
-add_subdirectory(uart)
-add_subdirectory(universal)
-add_subdirectory(usb)
-add_subdirectory(watchdog)
-add_subdirectory(sha)
-add_subdirectory(freertos)
+if (PICO_EXAMPLES_TOP_LEVEL_PROJECT)
+    # Add blink example
+    add_subdirectory_exclude_platforms(blink)
+    add_subdirectory_exclude_platforms(blink_simple)
+
+    # Add hello world example
+    add_subdirectory_exclude_platforms(hello_world)
+
+    # Hardware-specific examples in subdirectories:
+    add_subdirectory(adc)
+    add_subdirectory(binary_info)
+    add_subdirectory(bootloaders)
+    add_subdirectory(clocks)
+    add_subdirectory(cmake)
+    add_subdirectory(dcp)
+    add_subdirectory(divider)
+    add_subdirectory(dma)
+    add_subdirectory(flash)
+    add_subdirectory(gpio)
+    add_subdirectory(hstx)
+    add_subdirectory(i2c)
+    add_subdirectory(interp)
+    add_subdirectory(multicore)
+    add_subdirectory(otp)
+    add_subdirectory(picoboard)
+    add_subdirectory(pico_w)
+    add_subdirectory(pio)
+    add_subdirectory(pwm)
+    add_subdirectory(reset)
+    add_subdirectory(rtc)
+    add_subdirectory(spi)
+    add_subdirectory(system)
+    add_subdirectory(timer)
+    add_subdirectory(uart)
+    add_subdirectory(universal)
+    add_subdirectory(usb)
+    add_subdirectory(watchdog)
+    add_subdirectory(sha)
+    add_subdirectory(freertos)
+endif()
diff --git a/adc/adc_console/CMakeLists.txt b/adc/adc_console/CMakeLists.txt
index 944a93d2d..cad5a27db 100644
--- a/adc/adc_console/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/adc/adc_console/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(adc_console C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(adc_console
         adc_console.c
         )
diff --git a/adc/dma_capture/CMakeLists.txt b/adc/dma_capture/CMakeLists.txt
index ff965e9db..58573832b 100644
--- a/adc/dma_capture/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/adc/dma_capture/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(dma_capture C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(adc_dma_capture
         dma_capture.c
         )
diff --git a/adc/hello_adc/CMakeLists.txt b/adc/hello_adc/CMakeLists.txt
index 186318246..47b898fe4 100644
--- a/adc/hello_adc/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/adc/hello_adc/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_adc C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_adc
         hello_adc.c
         )
diff --git a/adc/joystick_display/CMakeLists.txt b/adc/joystick_display/CMakeLists.txt
index 96bb475ad..ff7aa37eb 100644
--- a/adc/joystick_display/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/adc/joystick_display/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(joystick_display C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(joystick_display
         joystick_display.c
         )
diff --git a/adc/microphone_adc/CMakeLists.txt b/adc/microphone_adc/CMakeLists.txt
index 87f2c4029..6f7282515 100644
--- a/adc/microphone_adc/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/adc/microphone_adc/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(microphone_adc C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(microphone_adc
         microphone_adc.c
         )
diff --git a/adc/onboard_temperature/CMakeLists.txt b/adc/onboard_temperature/CMakeLists.txt
index 1557ed234..464dd0c48 100644
--- a/adc/onboard_temperature/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/adc/onboard_temperature/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(onboard_temperature C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(onboard_temperature onboard_temperature.c)
 
 target_link_libraries(onboard_temperature pico_stdlib hardware_adc)
diff --git a/adc/read_vsys/CMakeLists.txt b/adc/read_vsys/CMakeLists.txt
index 67535bd72..404d701e2 100644
--- a/adc/read_vsys/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/adc/read_vsys/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(read_vsys C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_library(power_status_adc INTERFACE)
 target_sources(power_status_adc INTERFACE
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/power_status.c
diff --git a/binary_info/blink_any/CMakeLists.txt b/binary_info/blink_any/CMakeLists.txt
index de0401993..df21f0747 100644
--- a/binary_info/blink_any/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/binary_info/blink_any/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(blink_any C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (NOT PICO_CYW43_SUPPORTED)
     message("Only building blink_any for non W boards as PICO_CYW43_SUPPORTED is not set")
 endif()
diff --git a/binary_info/hello_anything/CMakeLists.txt b/binary_info/hello_anything/CMakeLists.txt
index 13aa84380..91d49f54b 100644
--- a/binary_info/hello_anything/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/binary_info/hello_anything/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_anything C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (TARGET tinyusb_device)
     add_executable(hello_anything
             hello_anything.c
diff --git a/blink/CMakeLists.txt b/blink/CMakeLists.txt
index 6308572d4..dba6bd516 100644
--- a/blink/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/blink/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(blink C CXX ASM)
+    include(../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(blink
     blink.c
     )
diff --git a/blink_simple/CMakeLists.txt b/blink_simple/CMakeLists.txt
index 0d7c0cb44..a26946099 100644
--- a/blink_simple/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/blink_simple/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(blink_simple C CXX ASM)
+    include(../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(blink_simple
         blink_simple.c
 )
diff --git a/bootloaders/encrypted/CMakeLists.txt b/bootloaders/encrypted/CMakeLists.txt
index f29f0efe2..ce4b8a4c8 100644
--- a/bootloaders/encrypted/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/bootloaders/encrypted/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(encrypted C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 # Encrypted Bootloader
 add_executable(enc_bootloader
         enc_bootloader.c
diff --git a/clocks/detached_clk_peri/CMakeLists.txt b/clocks/detached_clk_peri/CMakeLists.txt
index d3dc75e01..1f5389af2 100644
--- a/clocks/detached_clk_peri/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/clocks/detached_clk_peri/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(detached_clk_peri C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(clocks_detached_clk_peri
         detached_clk_peri.c
         )
diff --git a/clocks/hello_48MHz/CMakeLists.txt b/clocks/hello_48MHz/CMakeLists.txt
index 3ca96fc52..d51edd770 100644
--- a/clocks/hello_48MHz/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/clocks/hello_48MHz/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_48MHz C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_48MHz
         hello_48MHz.c
         )
diff --git a/clocks/hello_gpout/CMakeLists.txt b/clocks/hello_gpout/CMakeLists.txt
index 057ec3c5f..36297bf0d 100644
--- a/clocks/hello_gpout/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/clocks/hello_gpout/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_gpout C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_gpout
         hello_gpout.c
         )
diff --git a/clocks/hello_resus/CMakeLists.txt b/clocks/hello_resus/CMakeLists.txt
index 9d4522e94..57ab28f78 100644
--- a/clocks/hello_resus/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/clocks/hello_resus/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_resus C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_resus
         hello_resus.c
         )
diff --git a/cmake/build_variants/CMakeLists.txt b/cmake/build_variants/CMakeLists.txt
index f40f80625..fb5b7132d 100644
--- a/cmake/build_variants/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/cmake/build_variants/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(build_variants C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 # 1 Create an INTERFACE library aggregating all the common parts of the application
 add_library(common_stuff INTERFACE)
 
diff --git a/dcp/hello_dcp/CMakeLists.txt b/dcp/hello_dcp/CMakeLists.txt
index 2235fb271..6e5167bda 100644
--- a/dcp/hello_dcp/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/dcp/hello_dcp/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_dcp C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_dcp
         hello_dcp.c
         dcp_examples.S
diff --git a/divider/CMakeLists.txt b/divider/CMakeLists.txt
index d5ad0ac8e..fd6a44b7b 100644
--- a/divider/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/divider/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(divider C CXX ASM)
+    include(../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (TARGET hardware_divider)
         add_executable(hello_divider
                 hello_divider.c
diff --git a/dma/channel_irq/CMakeLists.txt b/dma/channel_irq/CMakeLists.txt
index 25dc64e20..36b481fbf 100644
--- a/dma/channel_irq/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/dma/channel_irq/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(channel_irq C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(dma_channel_irq
         channel_irq.c
         )
diff --git a/dma/control_blocks/CMakeLists.txt b/dma/control_blocks/CMakeLists.txt
index b551c7bfe..a39ccf5e4 100644
--- a/dma/control_blocks/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/dma/control_blocks/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(control_blocks C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(dma_control_blocks
         control_blocks.c
         )
diff --git a/dma/hello_dma/CMakeLists.txt b/dma/hello_dma/CMakeLists.txt
index b513a2eb8..8950dbab5 100644
--- a/dma/hello_dma/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/dma/hello_dma/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_dma C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_dma
         hello_dma.c
         )
diff --git a/dma/sniff_crc/CMakeLists.txt b/dma/sniff_crc/CMakeLists.txt
index 6f72b5100..8da26fa47 100644
--- a/dma/sniff_crc/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/dma/sniff_crc/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(sniff_crc C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(sniff_crc
         sniff_crc.c
         )
diff --git a/flash/cache_perfctr/CMakeLists.txt b/flash/cache_perfctr/CMakeLists.txt
index 2d065a28e..ab18b694e 100644
--- a/flash/cache_perfctr/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/flash/cache_perfctr/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(cache_perfctr C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(flash_cache_perfctr
         flash_cache_perfctr.c
         )
diff --git a/flash/nuke/CMakeLists.txt b/flash/nuke/CMakeLists.txt
index c8ae47a94..0c84368de 100644
--- a/flash/nuke/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/flash/nuke/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(nuke C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(flash_nuke
         nuke.c
         )
diff --git a/flash/program/CMakeLists.txt b/flash/program/CMakeLists.txt
index a17bb0ec0..00b7e41c4 100644
--- a/flash/program/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/flash/program/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(program C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(flash_program
         flash_program.c
         )
diff --git a/flash/runtime_flash_permissions/CMakeLists.txt b/flash/runtime_flash_permissions/CMakeLists.txt
index 3eb6bdd94..1b27ff336 100644
--- a/flash/runtime_flash_permissions/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/flash/runtime_flash_permissions/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(runtime_flash_permissions C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(runtime_flash_permissions
         runtime_flash_permissions.c
         )
diff --git a/flash/ssi_dma/CMakeLists.txt b/flash/ssi_dma/CMakeLists.txt
index 965cc6098..c2d3d98d7 100644
--- a/flash/ssi_dma/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/flash/ssi_dma/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(ssi_dma C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(flash_ssi_dma
         flash_ssi_dma.c
         )
diff --git a/flash/xip_stream/CMakeLists.txt b/flash/xip_stream/CMakeLists.txt
index bd8b6dd03..ff7e5b6d2 100644
--- a/flash/xip_stream/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/flash/xip_stream/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(xip_stream C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(flash_xip_stream
         flash_xip_stream.c
         )
diff --git a/freertos/hello_freertos/CMakeLists.txt b/freertos/hello_freertos/CMakeLists.txt
index 1da0ce773..d1f7e556a 100644
--- a/freertos/hello_freertos/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/freertos/hello_freertos/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_freertos C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 set(TARGET_NAME hello_freertos1)
 add_executable(${TARGET_NAME}
     hello_freertos.c
diff --git a/gpio/dht_sensor/CMakeLists.txt b/gpio/dht_sensor/CMakeLists.txt
index 33c72ea99..302469cfd 100644
--- a/gpio/dht_sensor/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/gpio/dht_sensor/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(dht_sensor C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(dht
         dht.c
         )
diff --git a/gpio/hello_7segment/CMakeLists.txt b/gpio/hello_7segment/CMakeLists.txt
index d0ce3aecf..e24fd9d70 100644
--- a/gpio/hello_7segment/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/gpio/hello_7segment/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_7segment C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_7segment
         hello_7segment.c
         )
diff --git a/gpio/hello_gpio_irq/CMakeLists.txt b/gpio/hello_gpio_irq/CMakeLists.txt
index e514cfbea..5bd7ffe16 100644
--- a/gpio/hello_gpio_irq/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/gpio/hello_gpio_irq/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_gpio_irq C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_gpio_irq
         hello_gpio_irq.c
         )
diff --git a/hello_world/serial/CMakeLists.txt b/hello_world/serial/CMakeLists.txt
index 7be690122..ca99bd5a2 100644
--- a/hello_world/serial/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/hello_world/serial/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(serial C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_serial
         hello_serial.c
         )
diff --git a/hello_world/usb/CMakeLists.txt b/hello_world/usb/CMakeLists.txt
index aa176eb93..3a0c43126 100644
--- a/hello_world/usb/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/hello_world/usb/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(usb C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (TARGET tinyusb_device)
     add_executable(hello_usb
             hello_usb.c
diff --git a/hstx/dvi_out_hstx_encoder/CMakeLists.txt b/hstx/dvi_out_hstx_encoder/CMakeLists.txt
index 4c9b3a345..a6875b455 100644
--- a/hstx/dvi_out_hstx_encoder/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/hstx/dvi_out_hstx_encoder/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(dvi_out_hstx_encoder C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(dvi_out_hstx_encoder
         dvi_out_hstx_encoder.c
         )
diff --git a/hstx/spi_lcd/CMakeLists.txt b/hstx/spi_lcd/CMakeLists.txt
index 7d8551ac0..5f76b5330 100644
--- a/hstx/spi_lcd/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/hstx/spi_lcd/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(spi_lcd C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hstx_spi_lcd
         hstx_spi_lcd.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/bmp280_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/bmp280_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index c63a7baba..4ac64f2b8 100644
--- a/i2c/bmp280_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/bmp280_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(bmp280_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(bmp280_i2c
         bmp280_i2c.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/bus_scan/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/bus_scan/CMakeLists.txt
index 662cfe61b..a808e0a34 100644
--- a/i2c/bus_scan/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/bus_scan/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(bus_scan C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(i2c_bus_scan
         bus_scan.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/ht16k33_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/ht16k33_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index b9b1110fb..567bdebab 100644
--- a/i2c/ht16k33_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/ht16k33_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(ht16k33_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(ht16k33_i2c
         ht16k33_i2c.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/lcd_1602_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/lcd_1602_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index c6aad7ae1..5a2f0318c 100644
--- a/i2c/lcd_1602_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/lcd_1602_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(lcd_1602_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(lcd_1602_i2c
         lcd_1602_i2c.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/lis3dh_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/lis3dh_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index 0b23c9043..b60d4d5d4 100644
--- a/i2c/lis3dh_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/lis3dh_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(lis3dh_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(lis3dh_i2c
         lis3dh_i2c.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/mcp9808_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/mcp9808_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index 4ee1b4975..754c4226c 100644
--- a/i2c/mcp9808_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/mcp9808_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(mcp9808_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(mcp9808_i2c
         mcp9808_i2c.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/mma8451_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/mma8451_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index e3c1084d1..e570d9567 100644
--- a/i2c/mma8451_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/mma8451_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(mma8451_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(mma8451_i2c
         mma8451_i2c.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/mpl3115a2_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/mpl3115a2_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index db9a5d7b6..62a54af2a 100644
--- a/i2c/mpl3115a2_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/mpl3115a2_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(mpl3115a2_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(mpl3115a2_i2c
         mpl3115a2_i2c.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/mpu6050_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/mpu6050_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index 83be3d51e..0f981b1b6 100644
--- a/i2c/mpu6050_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/mpu6050_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(mpu6050_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(mpu6050_i2c
         mpu6050_i2c.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/pa1010d_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/pa1010d_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index b04fac23f..60e6555b0 100644
--- a/i2c/pa1010d_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/pa1010d_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(pa1010d_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pa1010d_i2c
         pa1010d_i2c.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/pcf8523_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/pcf8523_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index 8d47635b3..4279fa82f 100644
--- a/i2c/pcf8523_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/pcf8523_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(pcf8523_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pcf8523_i2c
         pcf8523_i2c.c
         )
diff --git a/i2c/slave_mem_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/slave_mem_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index 449744447..c8ea02cb1 100644
--- a/i2c/slave_mem_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/slave_mem_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(slave_mem_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(slave_mem_i2c
     slave_mem_i2c.c
     )
diff --git a/i2c/ssd1306_i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/i2c/ssd1306_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index 25fabace1..fde9d06d5 100644
--- a/i2c/ssd1306_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/i2c/ssd1306_i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(ssd1306_i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(ssd1306_i2c
         ssd1306_i2c.c
         )
diff --git a/interp/hello_interp/CMakeLists.txt b/interp/hello_interp/CMakeLists.txt
index 05b176da7..5eff3426b 100644
--- a/interp/hello_interp/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/interp/hello_interp/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_interp C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (TARGET hardware_interp)
     add_executable(hello_interp
             hello_interp.c
diff --git a/multicore/hello_multicore/CMakeLists.txt b/multicore/hello_multicore/CMakeLists.txt
index 540d67948..a124eb5b1 100644
--- a/multicore/hello_multicore/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/multicore/hello_multicore/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_multicore C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_multicore
         multicore.c
         )
diff --git a/multicore/multicore_doorbell/CMakeLists.txt b/multicore/multicore_doorbell/CMakeLists.txt
index 8e2493e18..5f3147cbd 100644
--- a/multicore/multicore_doorbell/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/multicore/multicore_doorbell/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(multicore_doorbell C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(multicore_doorbell
         multicore_doorbell.c
         )
diff --git a/multicore/multicore_fifo_irqs/CMakeLists.txt b/multicore/multicore_fifo_irqs/CMakeLists.txt
index aa1097e14..fc2d1e22b 100644
--- a/multicore/multicore_fifo_irqs/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/multicore/multicore_fifo_irqs/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(multicore_fifo_irqs C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(multicore_fifo_irqs
         multicore_fifo_irqs.c
         )
diff --git a/multicore/multicore_runner/CMakeLists.txt b/multicore/multicore_runner/CMakeLists.txt
index a96db31e0..d36df9010 100644
--- a/multicore/multicore_runner/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/multicore/multicore_runner/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(multicore_runner C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(multicore_runner
         multicore_runner.c
         )
diff --git a/multicore/multicore_runner_queue/CMakeLists.txt b/multicore/multicore_runner_queue/CMakeLists.txt
index c35368a78..cde9bcfb3 100644
--- a/multicore/multicore_runner_queue/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/multicore/multicore_runner_queue/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(multicore_runner_queue C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(multicore_runner_queue
         multicore_runner_queue.c
         )
diff --git a/otp/hello_otp/CMakeLists.txt b/otp/hello_otp/CMakeLists.txt
index 43397cd3e..b52be6a81 100644
--- a/otp/hello_otp/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/otp/hello_otp/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_otp C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_otp
         hello_otp.c
         )
diff --git a/pico_w/bt/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/bt/CMakeLists.txt
index e14345398..954080892 100644
--- a/pico_w/bt/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/bt/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(bt C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_subdirectory(standalone)
 
 set(BTSTACK_ROOT ${PICO_SDK_PATH}/lib/btstack)
diff --git a/pico_w/bt/standalone/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/bt/standalone/CMakeLists.txt
index 28d20b687..87f278362 100644
--- a/pico_w/bt/standalone/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/bt/standalone/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(standalone C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 # Standalone example that reads from the on board temperature sensor and sends notifications via BLE
 # Flashes slowly each second to show it's running
 add_executable(picow_ble_temp_sensor
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/access_point/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/access_point/CMakeLists.txt
index 6bc0a2eb4..77d1676ce 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/access_point/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/access_point/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(access_point C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picow_access_point_background
         picow_access_point.c
         dhcpserver/dhcpserver.c
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/blink/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/blink/CMakeLists.txt
index 2b1e6bfd3..60661477e 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/blink/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/blink/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(blink C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picow_blink
         picow_blink.c
         )
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/freertos/http_client/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/freertos/http_client/CMakeLists.txt
index 2010621a9..aa18264dc 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/freertos/http_client/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/freertos/http_client/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(http_client C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 # This example is disabled as mbedtls uses too much stack, and Freertos SMP is problematic with
 # pico_cyw43_arch_lwip_threadsafe_background (nosys), where WiFi and LwIP activity is performed in an IRQ.
 # Prefer to use pico_cyw43_arch_lwip_sys_freertos instead, where WiFi and LwIP activity is performed in a thread.
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/freertos/httpd/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/freertos/httpd/CMakeLists.txt
index 35dd4eb35..2f34f4362 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/freertos/httpd/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/freertos/httpd/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(httpd C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR})
 
 add_executable(pico_freertos_httpd_nosys
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/freertos/iperf/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/freertos/iperf/CMakeLists.txt
index 2cc17c560..7e4259de5 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/freertos/iperf/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/freertos/iperf/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(iperf C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picow_freertos_iperf_server_nosys
         picow_freertos_iperf.c
         )
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/freertos/ntp_client_socket/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/freertos/ntp_client_socket/CMakeLists.txt
index 3cb02d5f1..5a0a0a394 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/freertos/ntp_client_socket/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/freertos/ntp_client_socket/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(ntp_client_socket C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picow_freertos_ntp_client_socket
         picow_freertos_ntp_client_socket.c
         )
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/freertos/ping/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/freertos/ping/CMakeLists.txt
index 1296e09bf..debcdba16 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/freertos/ping/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/freertos/ping/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(ping C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (EXISTS ${PICO_LWIP_CONTRIB_PATH}/apps/ping/ping.c)
     add_executable(picow_freertos_ping_nosys
             picow_freertos_ping.c
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/http_client/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/http_client/CMakeLists.txt
index a1be39398..50f73f36c 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/http_client/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/http_client/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(http_client C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 pico_add_library(example_lwip_http_util NOFLAG)
 target_sources(example_lwip_http_util INTERFACE
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/example_http_client_util.c
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/httpd/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/httpd/CMakeLists.txt
index f028ef6dd..4c4401114 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/httpd/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/httpd/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(httpd C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR})
 
 add_executable(picow_httpd_background
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/iperf/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/iperf/CMakeLists.txt
index 56a6a1b0a..bc1f86b89 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/iperf/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/iperf/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(iperf C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picow_iperf_server_background
         picow_iperf.c
         )
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/ntp_client/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/ntp_client/CMakeLists.txt
index 22a2e6354..0067a6be7 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/ntp_client/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/ntp_client/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(ntp_client C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picow_ntp_client_background
         picow_ntp_client.c
         )
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/tcp_client/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/tcp_client/CMakeLists.txt
index 0bb498a5c..cc4bec906 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/tcp_client/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/tcp_client/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(tcp_client C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (NOT TEST_TCP_SERVER_IP)
     message("Skipping tcp_client example as TEST_TCP_SERVER_IP is not defined")
 else()
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/tcp_server/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/tcp_server/CMakeLists.txt
index 3e8a48471..b90e192f4 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/tcp_server/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/tcp_server/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(tcp_server C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picow_tcpip_server_background
         picow_tcp_server.c
         )
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/tls_client/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/tls_client/CMakeLists.txt
index fdbe6c056..9f65fffe7 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/tls_client/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/tls_client/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(tls_client C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picow_tls_client_background
         picow_tls_client.c
         tls_common.c
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/udp_beacon/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/udp_beacon/CMakeLists.txt
index 59300eee4..5fc913943 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/udp_beacon/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/udp_beacon/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(udp_beacon C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picow_udp_beacon_background
         picow_udp_beacon.c
         )
diff --git a/pico_w/wifi/wifi_scan/CMakeLists.txt b/pico_w/wifi/wifi_scan/CMakeLists.txt
index ba0cd4f97..ab755413d 100644
--- a/pico_w/wifi/wifi_scan/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pico_w/wifi/wifi_scan/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(wifi_scan C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picow_wifi_scan_background
         picow_wifi_scan.c
         )
diff --git a/picoboard/blinky/CMakeLists.txt b/picoboard/blinky/CMakeLists.txt
index e3e57abc7..51f0915d4 100644
--- a/picoboard/blinky/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/picoboard/blinky/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(blinky C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picoboard_blinky
         blinky.c
         )
diff --git a/picoboard/button/CMakeLists.txt b/picoboard/button/CMakeLists.txt
index c3ef5d726..66ee07fef 100644
--- a/picoboard/button/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/picoboard/button/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(button C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(picoboard_button
         button.c
         )
diff --git a/pio/addition/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/addition/CMakeLists.txt
index 9ff90779e..f01bcdaad 100644
--- a/pio/addition/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/addition/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(addition C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_addition)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_addition ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/addition.pio)
diff --git a/pio/apa102/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/apa102/CMakeLists.txt
index 1522f5564..4721e40ba 100644
--- a/pio/apa102/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/apa102/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(apa102 C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_apa102)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_apa102 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/apa102.pio)
diff --git a/pio/clocked_input/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/clocked_input/CMakeLists.txt
index cd71408a3..9a0b7b2da 100644
--- a/pio/clocked_input/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/clocked_input/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(clocked_input C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_clocked_input)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_clocked_input ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/clocked_input.pio)
diff --git a/pio/differential_manchester/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/differential_manchester/CMakeLists.txt
index 6276f09f5..0725bcbef 100644
--- a/pio/differential_manchester/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/differential_manchester/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(differential_manchester C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_differential_manchester)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_differential_manchester ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/differential_manchester.pio)
diff --git a/pio/hello_pio/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/hello_pio/CMakeLists.txt
index 1c1d67496..e10bf1a29 100644
--- a/pio/hello_pio/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/hello_pio/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_pio C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_pio)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(hello_pio ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/hello.pio)
diff --git a/pio/hub75/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/hub75/CMakeLists.txt
index a976f4eab..0cd6d7643 100644
--- a/pio/hub75/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/hub75/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hub75 C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_hub75)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_hub75 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/hub75.pio)
diff --git a/pio/i2c/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/i2c/CMakeLists.txt
index d49b22482..05e7a423f 100644
--- a/pio/i2c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/i2c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(i2c C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_i2c_bus_scan)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_i2c_bus_scan ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/i2c.pio)
diff --git a/pio/ir_nec/ir_loopback/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/ir_nec/ir_loopback/CMakeLists.txt
index 8c7d8f4b7..c84ef8d99 100644
--- a/pio/ir_nec/ir_loopback/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/ir_nec/ir_loopback/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(ir_loopback C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable (pio_ir_loopback ir_loopback.c)
 
 # link the executable using the IR transmit and receive libraries
diff --git a/pio/logic_analyser/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/logic_analyser/CMakeLists.txt
index 8a65198a9..1e78df9ae 100644
--- a/pio/logic_analyser/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/logic_analyser/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(logic_analyser C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_logic_analyser)
 
 target_sources(pio_logic_analyser PRIVATE logic_analyser.c)
diff --git a/pio/manchester_encoding/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/manchester_encoding/CMakeLists.txt
index 70b88283a..4c165cfa2 100644
--- a/pio/manchester_encoding/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/manchester_encoding/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(manchester_encoding C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_manchester_encoding)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_manchester_encoding ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/manchester_encoding.pio)
diff --git a/pio/onewire/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/onewire/CMakeLists.txt
index 4090cb36c..aca566dc2 100644
--- a/pio/onewire/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/onewire/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(onewire C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_onewire)
 
 target_sources(pio_onewire PRIVATE onewire.c)
diff --git a/pio/pio_blink/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/pio_blink/CMakeLists.txt
index 88b5584fd..f9c961fa3 100644
--- a/pio/pio_blink/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/pio_blink/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(pio_blink C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_blink)
 
 # by default the header is generated into the build dir
diff --git a/pio/pwm/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/pwm/CMakeLists.txt
index 7c6f2fc01..506f32670 100644
--- a/pio/pwm/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/pwm/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(pwm C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_pwm)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_pwm ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/pwm.pio)
diff --git a/pio/quadrature_encoder/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/quadrature_encoder/CMakeLists.txt
index b118f3c27..6b59240cf 100644
--- a/pio/quadrature_encoder/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/quadrature_encoder/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(quadrature_encoder C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_quadrature_encoder)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_quadrature_encoder ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/quadrature_encoder.pio)
diff --git a/pio/quadrature_encoder_substep/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/quadrature_encoder_substep/CMakeLists.txt
index 7bc7f6a0a..abebad841 100644
--- a/pio/quadrature_encoder_substep/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/quadrature_encoder_substep/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(quadrature_encoder_substep C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_quadrature_encoder_substep)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_quadrature_encoder_substep ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/quadrature_encoder_substep.pio)
diff --git a/pio/spi/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/spi/CMakeLists.txt
index 44c561a85..d413abb51 100644
--- a/pio/spi/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/spi/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(spi C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_spi_flash)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_spi_flash ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/spi.pio)
diff --git a/pio/squarewave/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/squarewave/CMakeLists.txt
index fe503bb1d..6e4795c14 100644
--- a/pio/squarewave/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/squarewave/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(squarewave C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_squarewave)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_squarewave ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/squarewave.pio)
diff --git a/pio/st7789_lcd/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/st7789_lcd/CMakeLists.txt
index a6243e646..996b92274 100644
--- a/pio/st7789_lcd/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/st7789_lcd/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(st7789_lcd C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_st7789_lcd)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_st7789_lcd ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/st7789_lcd.pio)
diff --git a/pio/uart_rx/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/uart_rx/CMakeLists.txt
index 5f985e1bb..a9069ad6b 100644
--- a/pio/uart_rx/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/uart_rx/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(uart_rx C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_uart_rx)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_uart_rx ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/uart_rx.pio)
diff --git a/pio/uart_tx/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/uart_tx/CMakeLists.txt
index 5e3cf2a82..c54a6b543 100644
--- a/pio/uart_tx/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/uart_tx/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(uart_tx C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_uart_tx)
 
 pico_generate_pio_header(pio_uart_tx ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/uart_tx.pio)
diff --git a/pio/ws2812/CMakeLists.txt b/pio/ws2812/CMakeLists.txt
index 3e887b908..94baddf4f 100644
--- a/pio/ws2812/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pio/ws2812/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(ws2812 C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pio_ws2812)
 
 file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/generated)
diff --git a/pwm/hello_pwm/CMakeLists.txt b/pwm/hello_pwm/CMakeLists.txt
index e2df80ceb..6a9796517 100644
--- a/pwm/hello_pwm/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pwm/hello_pwm/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_pwm C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_pwm
         hello_pwm.c
         )
diff --git a/pwm/led_fade/CMakeLists.txt b/pwm/led_fade/CMakeLists.txt
index a9f5eea56..874aaa918 100644
--- a/pwm/led_fade/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pwm/led_fade/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(led_fade C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pwm_led_fade
         pwm_led_fade.c
         )
diff --git a/pwm/measure_duty_cycle/CMakeLists.txt b/pwm/measure_duty_cycle/CMakeLists.txt
index 45bd4d623..8be5b92f7 100644
--- a/pwm/measure_duty_cycle/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/pwm/measure_duty_cycle/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(measure_duty_cycle C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(pwm_measure_duty_cycle
         measure_duty_cycle.c
         )
diff --git a/reset/hello_reset/CMakeLists.txt b/reset/hello_reset/CMakeLists.txt
index fc0854377..192bf0ed5 100644
--- a/reset/hello_reset/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/reset/hello_reset/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_reset C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (TARGET hardware_resets)
     add_executable(hello_reset
             hello_reset.c
diff --git a/rtc/hello_rtc/CMakeLists.txt b/rtc/hello_rtc/CMakeLists.txt
index b3cc1a25c..a7f106a48 100644
--- a/rtc/hello_rtc/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/rtc/hello_rtc/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_rtc C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_rtc
         hello_rtc.c
         )
diff --git a/rtc/rtc_alarm/CMakeLists.txt b/rtc/rtc_alarm/CMakeLists.txt
index 8f0dfa2cb..b5952b5ab 100644
--- a/rtc/rtc_alarm/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/rtc/rtc_alarm/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(rtc_alarm C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(rtc_alarm
         rtc_alarm.c
         )
diff --git a/rtc/rtc_alarm_repeat/CMakeLists.txt b/rtc/rtc_alarm_repeat/CMakeLists.txt
index bd3c9e3e0..abaa12f05 100644
--- a/rtc/rtc_alarm_repeat/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/rtc/rtc_alarm_repeat/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(rtc_alarm_repeat C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(rtc_alarm_repeat
         rtc_alarm_repeat.c
         )
diff --git a/sha/mbedtls_sha256/CMakeLists.txt b/sha/mbedtls_sha256/CMakeLists.txt
index a9bec5d18..96f1ababa 100644
--- a/sha/mbedtls_sha256/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/sha/mbedtls_sha256/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(mbedtls_sha256 C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (NOT TARGET hardware_sha256)
     return()
 endif()
diff --git a/sha/sha256/CMakeLists.txt b/sha/sha256/CMakeLists.txt
index 5835fe863..55d5108aa 100644
--- a/sha/sha256/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/sha/sha256/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(sha256 C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (NOT TARGET hardware_sha256)
     return()
 endif()
diff --git a/spi/bme280_spi/CMakeLists.txt b/spi/bme280_spi/CMakeLists.txt
index 117d01a51..d0646afc5 100644
--- a/spi/bme280_spi/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/spi/bme280_spi/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(bme280_spi C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(bme280_spi
         bme280_spi.c
         )
diff --git a/spi/max7219_32x8_spi/CMakeLists.txt b/spi/max7219_32x8_spi/CMakeLists.txt
index 415eb33f3..2bb83127b 100644
--- a/spi/max7219_32x8_spi/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/spi/max7219_32x8_spi/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(max7219_32x8_spi C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(max7219_32x8_spi
         max7219_32x8_spi.c
         )
diff --git a/spi/max7219_8x7seg_spi/CMakeLists.txt b/spi/max7219_8x7seg_spi/CMakeLists.txt
index ab0b08c12..c3255dad4 100644
--- a/spi/max7219_8x7seg_spi/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/spi/max7219_8x7seg_spi/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(max7219_8x7seg_spi C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(max7219_8x7seg_spi
         max7219_8x7seg_spi.c
         )
diff --git a/spi/mpu9250_spi/CMakeLists.txt b/spi/mpu9250_spi/CMakeLists.txt
index 5e0a6120a..cc907c35c 100644
--- a/spi/mpu9250_spi/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/spi/mpu9250_spi/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(mpu9250_spi C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(mpu9250_spi
         mpu9250_spi.c
         )
diff --git a/spi/spi_dma/CMakeLists.txt b/spi/spi_dma/CMakeLists.txt
index 3adfdda60..a4a1bef5e 100644
--- a/spi/spi_dma/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/spi/spi_dma/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(spi_dma C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(spi_dma
         spi_dma.c
         )
diff --git a/spi/spi_flash/CMakeLists.txt b/spi/spi_flash/CMakeLists.txt
index 2a0ddcc35..a5e534293 100644
--- a/spi/spi_flash/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/spi/spi_flash/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(spi_flash C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(spi_flash
         spi_flash.c
         )
diff --git a/spi/spi_master_slave/spi_master/CMakeLists.txt b/spi/spi_master_slave/spi_master/CMakeLists.txt
index 534e78fd6..8a74737f5 100644
--- a/spi/spi_master_slave/spi_master/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/spi/spi_master_slave/spi_master/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(spi_master C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(spi_master
         spi_master.c
         )
diff --git a/spi/spi_master_slave/spi_slave/CMakeLists.txt b/spi/spi_master_slave/spi_slave/CMakeLists.txt
index 8e0564506..b1ed04089 100644
--- a/spi/spi_master_slave/spi_slave/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/spi/spi_master_slave/spi_slave/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(spi_slave C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(spi_slave
         spi_slave.c
         )
diff --git a/system/boot_info/CMakeLists.txt b/system/boot_info/CMakeLists.txt
index ec166f968..752472c07 100644
--- a/system/boot_info/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/system/boot_info/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(boot_info C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(boot_info
         boot_info.c
         )
diff --git a/system/hello_double_tap/CMakeLists.txt b/system/hello_double_tap/CMakeLists.txt
index 30a9e12f7..eeed3b78f 100644
--- a/system/hello_double_tap/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/system/hello_double_tap/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_double_tap C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_double_tap
         hello_double_tap.c
         )
diff --git a/system/narrow_io_write/CMakeLists.txt b/system/narrow_io_write/CMakeLists.txt
index 5e57819d7..a13cce156 100644
--- a/system/narrow_io_write/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/system/narrow_io_write/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(narrow_io_write C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(narrow_io_write
         narrow_io_write.c
         )
diff --git a/system/rand/CMakeLists.txt b/system/rand/CMakeLists.txt
index f874c9f78..dc9334780 100644
--- a/system/rand/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/system/rand/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(rand C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(rand
         rand.c
         )
diff --git a/system/unique_board_id/CMakeLists.txt b/system/unique_board_id/CMakeLists.txt
index 1a5b1f989..e80648f17 100644
--- a/system/unique_board_id/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/system/unique_board_id/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(unique_board_id C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(unique_board_id
         unique_board_id.c
         )
diff --git a/timer/hello_timer/CMakeLists.txt b/timer/hello_timer/CMakeLists.txt
index 806cf699f..30eacc0ad 100644
--- a/timer/hello_timer/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/timer/hello_timer/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_timer C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_timer
         hello_timer.c
         )
diff --git a/timer/periodic_sampler/CMakeLists.txt b/timer/periodic_sampler/CMakeLists.txt
index 284780fb3..d5f8af67a 100644
--- a/timer/periodic_sampler/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/timer/periodic_sampler/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(periodic_sampler C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (NOT PICO_TIME_NO_ALARM_SUPPORT)
     add_executable(periodic_sampler
             periodic_sampler.c
diff --git a/timer/timer_lowlevel/CMakeLists.txt b/timer/timer_lowlevel/CMakeLists.txt
index 55d4e82aa..3cee215dd 100644
--- a/timer/timer_lowlevel/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/timer/timer_lowlevel/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(timer_lowlevel C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 if (PICO_ON_DEVICE)
     add_executable(timer_lowlevel
             timer_lowlevel.c)
diff --git a/uart/hello_uart/CMakeLists.txt b/uart/hello_uart/CMakeLists.txt
index 0931f384d..d072dd550 100644
--- a/uart/hello_uart/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/uart/hello_uart/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_uart C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_uart
         hello_uart.c
         )
diff --git a/uart/lcd_uart/CMakeLists.txt b/uart/lcd_uart/CMakeLists.txt
index 64098821f..a82f9a472 100644
--- a/uart/lcd_uart/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/uart/lcd_uart/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(lcd_uart C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(lcd_uart
         lcd_uart.c
         )
diff --git a/uart/uart_advanced/CMakeLists.txt b/uart/uart_advanced/CMakeLists.txt
index a7cf5638e..fdf1cb569 100644
--- a/uart/uart_advanced/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/uart/uart_advanced/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(uart_advanced C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(uart_advanced
         uart_advanced.c
         )
diff --git a/universal/hello_universal/CMakeLists.txt b/universal/hello_universal/CMakeLists.txt
index 51269beac..00dbde3e6 100644
--- a/universal/hello_universal/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/universal/hello_universal/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_universal C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_universal
         hello_universal.c
         )
diff --git a/usb/device/dev_hid_composite/CMakeLists.txt b/usb/device/dev_hid_composite/CMakeLists.txt
index cd035d9a5..e0abfc849 100644
--- a/usb/device/dev_hid_composite/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/usb/device/dev_hid_composite/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(dev_hid_composite C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
 
 add_executable(dev_hid_composite)
diff --git a/usb/device/dev_lowlevel/CMakeLists.txt b/usb/device/dev_lowlevel/CMakeLists.txt
index 906c84e5f..d751400c1 100644
--- a/usb/device/dev_lowlevel/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/usb/device/dev_lowlevel/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(dev_lowlevel C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(dev_lowlevel
         dev_lowlevel.c
         )
diff --git a/usb/host/host_cdc_msc_hid/CMakeLists.txt b/usb/host/host_cdc_msc_hid/CMakeLists.txt
index 55f5a4a98..385201219 100644
--- a/usb/host/host_cdc_msc_hid/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/usb/host/host_cdc_msc_hid/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(host_cdc_msc_hid C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
 
 add_executable(host_cdc_msc_hid)
diff --git a/watchdog/hello_watchdog/CMakeLists.txt b/watchdog/hello_watchdog/CMakeLists.txt
index 9e1e5d006..c6340863a 100644
--- a/watchdog/hello_watchdog/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/watchdog/hello_watchdog/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+    project(hello_watchdog C CXX ASM)
+    include(../../CMakeLists.txt)
+endif()
+
 add_executable(hello_watchdog
         hello_watchdog.c
         )