riot.js

/* Riot v2.3.12, @license MIT, (c) 2015 Muut Inc. + contributors */

;(function(window, undefined) {
  'use strict';
var riot = { version: 'v2.3.12', settings: {} },
  // be aware, internal usage
  // ATTENTION: prefix the global dynamic variables with `__`

  // counter to give a unique id to all the Tag instances
  __uid = 0,
  // tags instances cache
  __virtualDom = [],
  // tags implementation cache
  __tagImpl = {},

  /**
   * Const
   */
  // riot specific prefixes
  RIOT_PREFIX = 'riot-',
  RIOT_TAG = RIOT_PREFIX + 'tag',

  // for typeof == '' comparisons
  T_STRING = 'string',
  T_OBJECT = 'object',
  T_UNDEF  = 'undefined',
  T_FUNCTION = 'function',
  // special native tags that cannot be treated like the others
  SPECIAL_TAGS_REGEX = /^(?:opt(ion|group)|tbody|col|t[rhd])$/,
  RESERVED_WORDS_BLACKLIST = ['_item', '_id', '_parent', 'update', 'root', 'mount', 'unmount', 'mixin', 'isMounted', 'isLoop', 'tags', 'parent', 'opts', 'trigger', 'on', 'off', 'one'],

  // version# for IE 8-11, 0 for others
  IE_VERSION = (window && window.document || {}).documentMode | 0
/* istanbul ignore next */
riot.observable = function(el) {

  /**
   * Extend the original object or create a new empty one
   * @type { Object }
   */

  el = el || {}

  /**
   * Private variables and methods
   */

  var callbacks = {},
    onEachEvent = function(e, fn) { e.replace(/\S+/g, fn) },
    defineProperty = function (key, value) {
      Object.defineProperty(el, key, {
        value: value,
        enumerable: false,
        writable: false,
        configurable: false
      })
    }

  /**
   * Listen to the given space separated list of `events` and execute the `callback` each time an event is triggered.
   * @param  { String } events - events ids
   * @param  { Function } fn - callback function
   * @returns { Object } el
   */

  defineProperty('on', function(events, fn) {
    if (typeof fn != 'function')  return el

    onEachEvent(events, function(name, pos) {
      (callbacks[name] = callbacks[name] || []).push(fn)
      fn.typed = pos > 0
    })

    return el
  })

  /**
   * Removes the given space separated list of `events` listeners
   * @param   { String } events - events ids
   * @param   { Function } fn - callback function
   * @returns { Object } el
   */

  defineProperty('off', function(events, fn) {
    if (events == '*') callbacks = {}
    else {
      onEachEvent(events, function(name) {
        if (fn) {
          var arr = callbacks[name]
          for (var i = 0, cb; cb = arr && arr[i]; ++i) {
            if (cb == fn) arr.splice(i--, 1)
          }
        } else delete callbacks[name]
      })
    }
    return el
  })

  /**
   * Listen to the given space separated list of `events` and execute the `callback` at most once
   * @param   { String } events - events ids
   * @param   { Function } fn - callback function
   * @returns { Object } el
   */

  defineProperty('one', function(events, fn) {
    function on() {
      el.off(events, on)
      fn.apply(el, arguments)
    }
    return el.on(events, on)
  })

  /**
   * Execute all callback functions that listen to the given space separated list of `events`
   * @param   { String } events - events ids
   * @returns { Object } el
   */

  defineProperty('trigger', function(events) {

    // getting the arguments
    // skipping the first one
    var arglen = arguments.length - 1,
      args = new Array(arglen)
    for (var i = 0; i < arglen; i++) {
      args[i] = arguments[i + 1]
    }

    onEachEvent(events, function(name) {

      var fns = (callbacks[name] || []).slice(0)

      for (var i = 0, fn; fn = fns[i]; ++i) {
        if (fn.busy) return
        fn.busy = 1

        try {
          fn.apply(el, fn.typed ? [name].concat(args) : args)
        } catch (e) { el.trigger('error', e) }
        if (fns[i] !== fn) { i-- }
        fn.busy = 0
      }

      if (callbacks.all && name != 'all')
        el.trigger.apply(el, ['all', name].concat(args))

    })

    return el
  })

  return el

}
/* istanbul ignore next */
;(function(riot) { if (!window) return;

/**
 * Simple client-side router
 * @module riot-route
 */


var RE_ORIGIN = /^.+?\/+[^\/]+/,
  EVENT_LISTENER = 'EventListener',
  REMOVE_EVENT_LISTENER = 'remove' + EVENT_LISTENER,
  ADD_EVENT_LISTENER = 'add' + EVENT_LISTENER,
  HAS_ATTRIBUTE = 'hasAttribute',
  REPLACE = 'replace',
  POPSTATE = 'popstate',
  HASHCHANGE = 'hashchange',
  TRIGGER = 'trigger',
  MAX_EMIT_STACK_LEVEL = 3,
  win = window,
  doc = document,
  loc = win.history.location || win.location, // see html5-history-api
  prot = Router.prototype, // to minify more
  clickEvent = doc && doc.ontouchstart ? 'touchstart' : 'click',
  started = false,
  central = riot.observable(),
  routeFound = false,
  debouncedEmit,
  base, current, parser, secondParser, emitStack = [], emitStackLevel = 0

/**
 * Default parser. You can replace it via router.parser method.
 * @param {string} path - current path (normalized)
 * @returns {array} array
 */
function DEFAULT_PARSER(path) {
  return path.split(/[/?#]/)
}

/**
 * Default parser (second). You can replace it via router.parser method.
 * @param {string} path - current path (normalized)
 * @param {string} filter - filter string (normalized)
 * @returns {array} array
 */
function DEFAULT_SECOND_PARSER(path, filter) {
  var re = new RegExp('^' + filter[REPLACE](/\*/g, '([^/?#]+?)')[REPLACE](/\.\./, '.*') + '$'),
    args = path.match(re)

  if (args) return args.slice(1)
}

/**
 * Simple/cheap debounce implementation
 * @param   {function} fn - callback
 * @param   {number} delay - delay in seconds
 * @returns {function} debounced function
 */
function debounce(fn, delay) {
  var t
  return function () {
    clearTimeout(t)
    t = setTimeout(fn, delay)
  }
}

/**
 * Set the window listeners to trigger the routes
 * @param {boolean} autoExec - see route.start
 */
function start(autoExec) {
  debouncedEmit = debounce(emit, 1)
  win[ADD_EVENT_LISTENER](POPSTATE, debouncedEmit)
  win[ADD_EVENT_LISTENER](HASHCHANGE, debouncedEmit)
  doc[ADD_EVENT_LISTENER](clickEvent, click)
  if (autoExec) emit(true)
}

/**
 * Router class
 */
function Router() {
  this.$ = []
  riot.observable(this) // make it observable
  central.on('stop', this.s.bind(this))
  central.on('emit', this.e.bind(this))
}

function normalize(path) {
  return path[REPLACE](/^\/|\/$/, '')
}

function isString(str) {
  return typeof str == 'string'
}

/**
 * Get the part after domain name
 * @param {string} href - fullpath
 * @returns {string} path from root
 */
function getPathFromRoot(href) {
  return (href || loc.href)[REPLACE](RE_ORIGIN, '')
}

/**
 * Get the part after base
 * @param {string} href - fullpath
 * @returns {string} path from base
 */
function getPathFromBase(href) {
  return base[0] == '#'
    ? (href || loc.href).split(base)[1] || ''
    : getPathFromRoot(href)[REPLACE](base, '')
}

function emit(force) {
  // the stack is needed for redirections
  var isRoot = emitStackLevel == 0
  if (MAX_EMIT_STACK_LEVEL <= emitStackLevel) return

  emitStackLevel++
  emitStack.push(function() {
    var path = getPathFromBase()
    if (force || path != current) {
      central[TRIGGER]('emit', path)
      current = path
    }
  })
  if (isRoot) {
    while (emitStack.length) {
      emitStack[0]()
      emitStack.shift()
    }
    emitStackLevel = 0
  }
}

function click(e) {
  if (
    e.which != 1 // not left click
    || e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey || e.shiftKey // or meta keys
    || e.defaultPrevented // or default prevented
  ) return

  var el = e.target
  while (el && el.nodeName != 'A') el = el.parentNode
  if (
    !el || el.nodeName != 'A' // not A tag
    || el[HAS_ATTRIBUTE]('download') // has download attr
    || !el[HAS_ATTRIBUTE]('href') // has no href attr
    || el.target && el.target != '_self' // another window or frame
    || el.href.indexOf(loc.href.match(RE_ORIGIN)[0]) == -1 // cross origin
  ) return

  if (el.href != loc.href) {
    if (
      el.href.split('#')[0] == loc.href.split('#')[0] // internal jump
      || base != '#' && getPathFromRoot(el.href).indexOf(base) !== 0 // outside of base
      || !go(getPathFromBase(el.href), el.title || doc.title) // route not found
    ) return
  }

  e.preventDefault()
}

/**
 * Go to the path
 * @param {string} path - destination path
 * @param {string} title - page title
 * @returns {boolean} - route not found flag
 */
function go(path, title) {
  title = title || doc.title
  // browsers ignores the second parameter `title`
  history.pushState(null, title, base + normalize(path))
  // so we need to set it manually
  doc.title = title
  routeFound = false
  emit()
  return routeFound
}

/**
 * Go to path or set action
 * a single string:                go there
 * two strings:                    go there with setting a title
 * a single function:              set an action on the default route
 * a string/RegExp and a function: set an action on the route
 * @param {(string|function)} first - path / action / filter
 * @param {(string|RegExp|function)} second - title / action
 */
prot.m = function(first, second) {
  if (isString(first) && (!second || isString(second))) go(first, second)
  else if (second) this.r(first, second)
  else this.r('@', first)
}

/**
 * Stop routing
 */
prot.s = function() {
  this.off('*')
  this.$ = []
}

/**
 * Emit
 * @param {string} path - path
 */
prot.e = function(path) {
  this.$.concat('@').some(function(filter) {
    var args = (filter == '@' ? parser : secondParser)(normalize(path), normalize(filter))
    if (typeof args != 'undefined') {
      this[TRIGGER].apply(null, [filter].concat(args))
      return routeFound = true // exit from loop
    }
  }, this)
}

/**
 * Register route
 * @param {string} filter - filter for matching to url
 * @param {function} action - action to register
 */
prot.r = function(filter, action) {
  if (filter != '@') {
    filter = '/' + normalize(filter)
    this.$.push(filter)
  }
  this.on(filter, action)
}

var mainRouter = new Router()
var route = mainRouter.m.bind(mainRouter)

/**
 * Create a sub router
 * @returns {function} the method of a new Router object
 */
route.create = function() {
  var newSubRouter = new Router()
  // stop only this sub-router
  newSubRouter.m.stop = newSubRouter.s.bind(newSubRouter)
  // return sub-router's main method
  return newSubRouter.m.bind(newSubRouter)
}

/**
 * Set the base of url
 * @param {(str|RegExp)} arg - a new base or '#' or '#!'
 */
route.base = function(arg) {
  base = arg || '#'
  current = getPathFromBase() // recalculate current path
}

/** Exec routing right now **/
route.exec = function() {
  emit(true)
}

/**
 * Replace the default router to yours
 * @param {function} fn - your parser function
 * @param {function} fn2 - your secondParser function
 */
route.parser = function(fn, fn2) {
  if (!fn && !fn2) {
    // reset parser for testing...
    parser = DEFAULT_PARSER
    secondParser = DEFAULT_SECOND_PARSER
  }
  if (fn) parser = fn
  if (fn2) secondParser = fn2
}

/**
 * Helper function to get url query as an object
 * @returns {object} parsed query
 */
route.query = function() {
  var q = {}
  loc.href[REPLACE](/[?&](.+?)=([^&]*)/g, function(_, k, v) { q[k] = v })
  return q
}

/** Stop routing **/
route.stop = function () {
  if (started) {
    win[REMOVE_EVENT_LISTENER](POPSTATE, debouncedEmit)
    win[REMOVE_EVENT_LISTENER](HASHCHANGE, debouncedEmit)
    doc[REMOVE_EVENT_LISTENER](clickEvent, click)
    central[TRIGGER]('stop')
    started = false
  }
}

/**
 * Start routing
 * @param {boolean} autoExec - automatically exec after starting if true
 */
route.start = function (autoExec) {
  if (!started) {
    if (document.readyState == 'complete') start(autoExec)
    // the timeout is needed to solve
    // a weird safari bug https://github.com/riot/route/issues/33
    else win[ADD_EVENT_LISTENER]('load', function() {
      setTimeout(function() { start(autoExec) }, 1)
    })
    started = true
  }
}

/** Prepare the router **/
route.base()
route.parser()

riot.route = route
})(riot)
/* istanbul ignore next */

/**
 * The riot template engine
 * @version v2.3.19
 */

/**
 * @module brackets
 *
 * `brackets         ` Returns a string or regex based on its parameter
 * `brackets.settings` Mirrors the `riot.settings` object (use brackets.set in new code)
 * `brackets.set     ` Change the current riot brackets
 */

var brackets = (function (UNDEF) {

  var
    REGLOB  = 'g',

    MLCOMMS = /\/\*[^*]*\*+(?:[^*\/][^*]*\*+)*\//g,
    STRINGS = /"[^"\\]*(?:\\[\S\s][^"\\]*)*"|'[^'\\]*(?:\\[\S\s][^'\\]*)*'/g,

    S_QBSRC = STRINGS.source + '|' +
      /(?:\breturn\s+|(?:[$\w\)\]]|\+\+|--)\s*(\/)(?![*\/]))/.source + '|' +
      /\/(?=[^*\/])[^[\/\\]*(?:(?:\[(?:\\.|[^\]\\]*)*\]|\\.)[^[\/\\]*)*?(\/)[gim]*/.source,

    DEFAULT = '{ }',

    FINDBRACES = {
      '(': RegExp('([()])|'   + S_QBSRC, REGLOB),
      '[': RegExp('([[\\]])|' + S_QBSRC, REGLOB),
      '{': RegExp('([{}])|'   + S_QBSRC, REGLOB)
    }

  var
    cachedBrackets = UNDEF,
    _regex,
    _pairs = []

  function _loopback(re) { return re }

  function _rewrite(re, bp) {
    if (!bp) bp = _pairs
    return new RegExp(
      re.source.replace(/{/g, bp[2]).replace(/}/g, bp[3]), re.global ? REGLOB : ''
    )
  }

  function _create(pair) {
    var
      cvt,
      arr = pair.split(' ')

    if (pair === DEFAULT) {
      arr[2] = arr[0]
      arr[3] = arr[1]
      cvt = _loopback
    }
    else {
      if (arr.length !== 2 || /[\x00-\x1F<>a-zA-Z0-9'",;\\]/.test(pair)) {
        throw new Error('Unsupported brackets "' + pair + '"')
      }
      arr = arr.concat(pair.replace(/(?=[[\]()*+?.^$|])/g, '\\').split(' '))
      cvt = _rewrite
    }
    arr[4] = cvt(arr[1].length > 1 ? /{[\S\s]*?}/ : /{[^}]*}/, arr)
    arr[5] = cvt(/\\({|})/g, arr)
    arr[6] = cvt(/(\\?)({)/g, arr)
    arr[7] = RegExp('(\\\\?)(?:([[({])|(' + arr[3] + '))|' + S_QBSRC, REGLOB)
    arr[8] = pair
    return arr
  }

  function _reset(pair) {
    if (!pair) pair = DEFAULT

    if (pair !== _pairs[8]) {
      _pairs = _create(pair)
      _regex = pair === DEFAULT ? _loopback : _rewrite
      _pairs[9] = _regex(/^\s*{\^?\s*([$\w]+)(?:\s*,\s*(\S+))?\s+in\s+(\S.*)\s*}/)
      _pairs[10] = _regex(/(^|[^\\]){=[\S\s]*?}/)
      _brackets._rawOffset = _pairs[0].length
    }
    cachedBrackets = pair
  }

  function _brackets(reOrIdx) {
    return reOrIdx instanceof RegExp ? _regex(reOrIdx) : _pairs[reOrIdx]
  }

  _brackets.split = function split(str, tmpl, _bp) {
    // istanbul ignore next: _bp is for the compiler
    if (!_bp) _bp = _pairs

    var
      parts = [],
      match,
      isexpr,
      start,
      pos,
      re = _bp[6]

    isexpr = start = re.lastIndex = 0

    while (match = re.exec(str)) {

      pos = match.index

      if (isexpr) {

        if (match[2]) {
          re.lastIndex = skipBraces(match[2], re.lastIndex)
          continue
        }

        if (!match[3])
          continue
      }

      if (!match[1]) {
        unescapeStr(str.slice(start, pos))
        start = re.lastIndex
        re = _bp[6 + (isexpr ^= 1)]
        re.lastIndex = start
      }
    }

    if (str && start < str.length) {
      unescapeStr(str.slice(start))
    }

    return parts

    function unescapeStr(str) {
      if (tmpl || isexpr)
        parts.push(str && str.replace(_bp[5], '$1'))
      else
        parts.push(str)
    }

    function skipBraces(ch, pos) {
      var
        match,
        recch = FINDBRACES[ch],
        level = 1
      recch.lastIndex = pos

      while (match = recch.exec(str)) {
        if (match[1] &&
          !(match[1] === ch ? ++level : --level)) break
      }
      return match ? recch.lastIndex : str.length
    }
  }

  _brackets.hasExpr = function hasExpr(str) {
    return _brackets(4).test(str)
  }

  _brackets.loopKeys = function loopKeys(expr) {
    var m = expr.match(_brackets(9))
    return m ?
      { key: m[1], pos: m[2], val: _pairs[0] + m[3].trim() + _pairs[1] } : { val: expr.trim() }
  }

  _brackets.array = function array(pair) {
    return _create(pair || cachedBrackets)
  }

  var _settings
  function _setSettings(o) {
    var b
    o = o || {}
    b = o.brackets
    Object.defineProperty(o, 'brackets', {
      set: _reset,
      get: function () { return cachedBrackets },
      enumerable: true
    })
    _settings = o
    _reset(b)
  }
  Object.defineProperty(_brackets, 'settings', {
    set: _setSettings,
    get: function () { return _settings }
  })

  /* istanbul ignore next: in the node version riot is not in the scope */
  _brackets.settings = typeof riot !== 'undefined' && riot.settings || {}
  _brackets.set = _reset

  _brackets.R_STRINGS = STRINGS
  _brackets.R_MLCOMMS = MLCOMMS
  _brackets.S_QBLOCKS = S_QBSRC

  return _brackets

})()

/**
 * @module tmpl
 *
 * tmpl          - Root function, returns the template value, render with data
 * tmpl.hasExpr  - Test the existence of a expression inside a string
 * tmpl.loopKeys - Get the keys for an 'each' loop (used by `_each`)
 */

var tmpl = (function () {

  var _cache = {}

  function _tmpl(str, data) {
    if (!str) return str

    return (_cache[str] || (_cache[str] = _create(str))).call(data, _logErr)
  }

  _tmpl.isRaw = function (expr) {
    return expr[brackets._rawOffset] === "="
  }

  _tmpl.haveRaw = function (src) {
    return brackets(10).test(src)
  }

  _tmpl.hasExpr = brackets.hasExpr

  _tmpl.loopKeys = brackets.loopKeys

  _tmpl.errorHandler = null

  function _logErr(err, ctx) {

    if (_tmpl.errorHandler) {

      err.riotData = {
        tagName: ctx && ctx.root && ctx.root.tagName,
        _riot_id: ctx && ctx._riot_id  //eslint-disable-line camelcase
      }
      _tmpl.errorHandler(err)
    }
  }

  function _create(str) {

    var expr = _getTmpl(str)
    if (expr.slice(0, 11) !== 'try{return ') expr = 'return ' + expr

    return new Function('E', expr + ';')
  }

  var
    RE_QBLOCK = RegExp(brackets.S_QBLOCKS, 'g'),
    RE_QBMARK = /\x01(\d+)~/g

  function _getTmpl(str) {
    var
      qstr = [],
      expr,
      parts = brackets.split(str.replace(/\u2057/g, '"'), 1)

    if (parts.length > 2 || parts[0]) {
      var i, j, list = []

      for (i = j = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {

        expr = parts[i]

        if (expr && (expr = i & 1 ?

              _parseExpr(expr, 1, qstr) :

              '"' + expr
                .replace(/\\/g, '\\\\')
                .replace(/\r\n?|\n/g, '\\n')
                .replace(/"/g, '\\"') +
              '"'

          )) list[j++] = expr

      }

      expr = j < 2 ? list[0] :
             '[' + list.join(',') + '].join("")'
    }
    else {

      expr = _parseExpr(parts[1], 0, qstr)
    }

    if (qstr[0])
      expr = expr.replace(RE_QBMARK, function (_, pos) {
        return qstr[pos]
          .replace(/\r/g, '\\r')
          .replace(/\n/g, '\\n')
      })

    return expr
  }

  var
    CS_IDENT = /^(?:(-?[_A-Za-z\xA0-\xFF][-\w\xA0-\xFF]*)|\x01(\d+)~):/,
    RE_BRACE = /,|([[{(])|$/g

  function _parseExpr(expr, asText, qstr) {

    if (expr[0] === "=") expr = expr.slice(1)

    expr = expr
          .replace(RE_QBLOCK, function (s, div) {
            return s.length > 2 && !div ? '\x01' + (qstr.push(s) - 1) + '~' : s
          })
          .replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim()
          .replace(/\ ?([[\({},?\.:])\ ?/g, '$1')

    if (expr) {
      var
        list = [],
        cnt = 0,
        match

      while (expr &&
            (match = expr.match(CS_IDENT)) &&
            !match.index
        ) {
        var
          key,
          jsb,
          re = /,|([[{(])|$/g

        expr = RegExp.rightContext
        key  = match[2] ? qstr[match[2]].slice(1, -1).trim().replace(/\s+/g, ' ') : match[1]

        while (jsb = (match = re.exec(expr))[1]) skipBraces(jsb, re)

        jsb  = expr.slice(0, match.index)
        expr = RegExp.rightContext

        list[cnt++] = _wrapExpr(jsb, 1, key)
      }

      expr = !cnt ? _wrapExpr(expr, asText) :
          cnt > 1 ? '[' + list.join(',') + '].join(" ").trim()' : list[0]
    }
    return expr

    function skipBraces(jsb, re) {
      var
        match,
        lv = 1,
        ir = jsb === '(' ? /[()]/g : jsb === '[' ? /[[\]]/g : /[{}]/g

      ir.lastIndex = re.lastIndex
      while (match = ir.exec(expr)) {
        if (match[0] === jsb) ++lv
        else if (!--lv) break
      }
      re.lastIndex = lv ? expr.length : ir.lastIndex
    }
  }

  // istanbul ignore next: not both
  var JS_CONTEXT = '"in this?this:' + (typeof window !== 'object' ? 'global' : 'window') + ').'
  var JS_VARNAME = /[,{][$\w]+:|(^ *|[^$\w\.])(?!(?:typeof|true|false|null|undefined|in|instanceof|is(?:Finite|NaN)|void|NaN|new|Date|RegExp|Math)(?![$\w]))([$_A-Za-z][$\w]*)/g

  function _wrapExpr(expr, asText, key) {
    var tb

    expr = expr.replace(JS_VARNAME, function (match, p, mvar, pos, s) {
      if (mvar) {
        pos = tb ? 0 : pos + match.length

        if (mvar !== 'this' && mvar !== 'global' && mvar !== 'window') {
          match = p + '("' + mvar + JS_CONTEXT + mvar
          if (pos) tb = (s = s[pos]) === '.' || s === '(' || s === '['
        }
        else if (pos)
          tb = !/^(?=(\.[$\w]+))\1(?:[^.[(]|$)/.test(s.slice(pos))
      }
      return match
    })

    if (tb) {
      expr = 'try{return ' + expr + '}catch(e){E(e,this)}'
    }

    if (key) {

      expr = (tb ?
          'function(){' + expr + '}.call(this)' : '(' + expr + ')'
        ) + '?"' + key + '":""'
    }
    else if (asText) {

      expr = 'function(v){' + (tb ?
          expr.replace('return ', 'v=') : 'v=(' + expr + ')'
        ) + ';return v||v===0?v:""}.call(this)'
    }

    return expr
  }

  // istanbul ignore next: compatibility fix for beta versions
  _tmpl.parse = function (s) { return s }

  return _tmpl

})()

  tmpl.version = brackets.version = 'v2.3.19'


/*
  lib/browser/tag/mkdom.js

  Includes hacks needed for the Internet Explorer version 9 and bellow

*/
// http://kangax.github.io/compat-table/es5/#ie8
// http://codeplanet.io/dropping-ie8/

var mkdom = (function (checkIE) {

  var rootEls = {
      'tr': 'tbody',
      'th': 'tr',
      'td': 'tr',
      'tbody': 'table',
      'col': 'colgroup'
    },
    GENERIC = 'div'

  checkIE = checkIE && checkIE < 10

  // creates any dom element in a div, table, or colgroup container
  function _mkdom(html) {

    var match = html && html.match(/^\s*<([-\w]+)/),
      tagName = match && match[1].toLowerCase(),
      rootTag = rootEls[tagName] || GENERIC,
      el = mkEl(rootTag)

    el.stub = true

    /* istanbul ignore next */
    if (checkIE && tagName && (match = tagName.match(SPECIAL_TAGS_REGEX)))
      ie9elem(el, html, tagName, !!match[1])
    else
      el.innerHTML = html

    return el
  }

  // creates tr, th, td, option, optgroup element for IE8-9
  /* istanbul ignore next */
  function ie9elem(el, html, tagName, select) {

    var div = mkEl(GENERIC),
      tag = select ? 'select>' : 'table>',
      child

    div.innerHTML = '<' + tag + html + '</' + tag

    child = $(tagName, div)
    if (child)
      el.appendChild(child)

  }
  // end ie9elem()

  return _mkdom

})(IE_VERSION)

/**
 * Convert the item looped into an object used to extend the child tag properties
 * @param   { Object } expr - object containing the keys used to extend the children tags
 * @param   { * } key - value to assign to the new object returned
 * @param   { * } val - value containing the position of the item in the array
 * @returns { Object } - new object containing the values of the original item
 *
 * The variables 'key' and 'val' are arbitrary.
 * They depend on the collection type looped (Array, Object)
 * and on the expression used on the each tag
 *
 */
function mkitem(expr, key, val) {
  var item = {}
  item[expr.key] = key
  if (expr.pos) item[expr.pos] = val
  return item
}

/**
 * Unmount the redundant tags
 * @param   { Array } items - array containing the current items to loop
 * @param   { Array } tags - array containing all the children tags
 */
function unmountRedundant(items, tags) {

  var i = tags.length,
    j = items.length

  while (i > j) {
    var t = tags[--i]
    tags.splice(i, 1)
    t.unmount()
  }
}

/**
 * Move the nested custom tags in non custom loop tags
 * @param   { Object } child - non custom loop tag
 * @param   { Number } i - current position of the loop tag
 */
function moveNestedTags(child, i) {
  Object.keys(child.tags).forEach(function(tagName) {
    var tag = child.tags[tagName]
    if (isArray(tag))
      each(tag, function (t) {
        moveChildTag(t, tagName, i)
      })
    else
      moveChildTag(tag, tagName, i)
  })
}

/**
 * Adds the elements for a virtual tag
 * @param { Tag } tag - the tag whose root's children will be inserted or appended
 * @param { Node } src - the node that will do the inserting or appending
 * @param { Tag } target - only if inserting, insert before this tag's first child
 */
function addVirtual(tag, src, target) {
  var el = tag._root
  tag._virts = []
  while (el) {
    var sib = el.nextSibling
    if (target)
      src.insertBefore(el, target._root)
    else
      src.appendChild(el)

    tag._virts.push(el) // hold for unmounting
    el = sib
  }
}

/**
 * Move virtual tag and all child nodes
 * @param { Tag } tag - first child reference used to start move
 * @param { Node } src  - the node that will do the inserting
 * @param { Tag } target - insert before this tag's first child
 * @param { Number } len - how many child nodes to move
 */
function moveVirtual(tag, src, target, len) {
  var el = tag._root
  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    var sib = el.nextSibling
    src.insertBefore(el, target._root)
    el = sib
  }
}


/**
 * Manage tags having the 'each'
 * @param   { Object } dom - DOM node we need to loop
 * @param   { Tag } parent - parent tag instance where the dom node is contained
 * @param   { String } expr - string contained in the 'each' attribute
 */
function _each(dom, parent, expr) {

  // remove the each property from the original tag
  remAttr(dom, 'each')

  var mustReorder = typeof getAttr(dom, 'no-reorder') !== T_STRING || remAttr(dom, 'no-reorder'),
    tagName = getTagName(dom),
    impl = __tagImpl[tagName] || { tmpl: dom.outerHTML },
    useRoot = SPECIAL_TAGS_REGEX.test(tagName),
    root = dom.parentNode,
    ref = document.createTextNode(''),
    child = getTag(dom),
    isOption = /option/gi.test(tagName), // the option tags must be treated differently
    tags = [],
    oldItems = [],
    hasKeys,
    isVirtual = dom.tagName == 'VIRTUAL'

  // parse the each expression
  expr = tmpl.loopKeys(expr)

  // insert a marked where the loop tags will be injected
  root.insertBefore(ref, dom)

  // clean template code
  parent.one('before-mount', function () {

    // remove the original DOM node
    dom.parentNode.removeChild(dom)
    if (root.stub) root = parent.root

  }).on('update', function () {
    // get the new items collection
    var items = tmpl(expr.val, parent),
      // create a fragment to hold the new DOM nodes to inject in the parent tag
      frag = document.createDocumentFragment()



    // object loop. any changes cause full redraw
    if (!isArray(items)) {
      hasKeys = items || false
      items = hasKeys ?
        Object.keys(items).map(function (key) {
          return mkitem(expr, key, items[key])
        }) : []
    }

    // loop all the new items
    items.forEach(function(item, i) {
      // reorder only if the items are objects
      var _mustReorder = mustReorder && item instanceof Object,
        oldPos = oldItems.indexOf(item),
        pos = ~oldPos && _mustReorder ? oldPos : i,
        // does a tag exist in this position?
        tag = tags[pos]

      item = !hasKeys && expr.key ? mkitem(expr, item, i) : item

      // new tag
      if (
        !_mustReorder && !tag // with no-reorder we just update the old tags
        ||
        _mustReorder && !~oldPos || !tag // by default we always try to reorder the DOM elements
      ) {

        tag = new Tag(impl, {
          parent: parent,
          isLoop: true,
          hasImpl: !!__tagImpl[tagName],
          root: useRoot ? root : dom.cloneNode(),
          item: item
        }, dom.innerHTML)

        tag.mount()
        if (isVirtual) tag._root = tag.root.firstChild // save reference for further moves or inserts
        // this tag must be appended
        if (i == tags.length) {
          if (isVirtual)
            addVirtual(tag, frag)
          else frag.appendChild(tag.root)
        }
        // this tag must be insert
        else {
          if (isVirtual)
            addVirtual(tag, root, tags[i])
          else root.insertBefore(tag.root, tags[i].root)
          oldItems.splice(i, 0, item)
        }

        tags.splice(i, 0, tag)
        pos = i // handled here so no move
      } else tag.update(item)

      // reorder the tag if it's not located in its previous position
      if (pos !== i && _mustReorder) {
        // update the DOM
        if (isVirtual)
          moveVirtual(tag, root, tags[i], dom.childNodes.length)
        else root.insertBefore(tag.root, tags[i].root)
        // update the position attribute if it exists
        if (expr.pos)
          tag[expr.pos] = i
        // move the old tag instance
        tags.splice(i, 0, tags.splice(pos, 1)[0])
        // move the old item
        oldItems.splice(i, 0, oldItems.splice(pos, 1)[0])
        // if the loop tags are not custom
        // we need to move all their custom tags into the right position
        if (!child) moveNestedTags(tag, i)
      }

      // cache the original item to use it in the events bound to this node
      // and its children
      tag._item = item
      // cache the real parent tag internally
      defineProperty(tag, '_parent', parent)

    }, true) // allow null values

    // remove the redundant tags
    unmountRedundant(items, tags)

    // insert the new nodes
    if (isOption) root.appendChild(frag)
    else root.insertBefore(frag, ref)

    // set the 'tags' property of the parent tag
    // if child is 'undefined' it means that we don't need to set this property
    // for example:
    // we don't need store the `myTag.tags['div']` property if we are looping a div tag
    // but we need to track the `myTag.tags['child']` property looping a custom child node named `child`
    if (child) parent.tags[tagName] = tags

    // clone the items array
    oldItems = items.slice()

  })

}


function parseNamedElements(root, tag, childTags, forceParsingNamed) {

  walk(root, function(dom) {
    if (dom.nodeType == 1) {
      dom.isLoop = dom.isLoop || (dom.parentNode && dom.parentNode.isLoop || getAttr(dom, 'each')) ? 1 : 0

      // custom child tag
      if (childTags) {
        var child = getTag(dom)

        if (child && !dom.isLoop)
          childTags.push(initChildTag(child, {root: dom, parent: tag}, dom.innerHTML, tag))
      }

      if (!dom.isLoop || forceParsingNamed)
        setNamed(dom, tag, [])
    }

  })

}

function parseExpressions(root, tag, expressions) {

  function addExpr(dom, val, extra) {
    if (tmpl.hasExpr(val)) {
      var expr = { dom: dom, expr: val }
      expressions.push(extend(expr, extra))
    }
  }

  walk(root, function(dom) {
    var type = dom.nodeType

    // text node
    if (type == 3 && dom.parentNode.tagName != 'STYLE') addExpr(dom, dom.nodeValue)
    if (type != 1) return

    /* element */

    // loop
    var attr = getAttr(dom, 'each')

    if (attr) { _each(dom, tag, attr); return false }

    // attribute expressions
    each(dom.attributes, function(attr) {
      var name = attr.name,
        bool = name.split('__')[1]

      addExpr(dom, attr.value, { attr: bool || name, bool: bool })
      if (bool) { remAttr(dom, name); return false }

    })

    // skip custom tags
    if (getTag(dom)) return false

  })

}
function Tag(impl, conf, innerHTML) {

  var self = riot.observable(this),
    opts = inherit(conf.opts) || {},
    dom = mkdom(impl.tmpl),
    parent = conf.parent,
    isLoop = conf.isLoop,
    hasImpl = conf.hasImpl,
    item = cleanUpData(conf.item),
    expressions = [],
    childTags = [],
    root = conf.root,
    fn = impl.fn,
    tagName = root.tagName.toLowerCase(),
    attr = {},
    propsInSyncWithParent = []

  if (fn && root._tag) root._tag.unmount(true)

  // not yet mounted
  this.isMounted = false
  root.isLoop = isLoop

  // keep a reference to the tag just created
  // so we will be able to mount this tag multiple times
  root._tag = this

  // create a unique id to this tag
  // it could be handy to use it also to improve the virtual dom rendering speed
  defineProperty(this, '_riot_id', ++__uid) // base 1 allows test !t._riot_id

  extend(this, { parent: parent, root: root, opts: opts, tags: {} }, item)

  // grab attributes
  each(root.attributes, function(el) {
    var val = el.value
    // remember attributes with expressions only
    if (tmpl.hasExpr(val)) attr[el.name] = val
  })

  if (dom.innerHTML && !/^(select|optgroup|table|tbody|tr|col(?:group)?)$/.test(tagName))
    // replace all the yield tags with the tag inner html
    dom.innerHTML = replaceYield(dom.innerHTML, innerHTML)

  // options
  function updateOpts() {
    var ctx = hasImpl && isLoop ? self : parent || self

    // update opts from current DOM attributes
    each(root.attributes, function(el) {
      opts[toCamel(el.name)] = tmpl(el.value, ctx)
    })
    // recover those with expressions
    each(Object.keys(attr), function(name) {
      opts[toCamel(name)] = tmpl(attr[name], ctx)
    })
  }

  function normalizeData(data) {
    for (var key in item) {
      if (typeof self[key] !== T_UNDEF && isWritable(self, key))
        self[key] = data[key]
    }
  }

  function inheritFromParent () {
    if (!self.parent || !isLoop) return
    each(Object.keys(self.parent), function(k) {
      // some properties must be always in sync with the parent tag
      var mustSync = !contains(RESERVED_WORDS_BLACKLIST, k) && contains(propsInSyncWithParent, k)
      if (typeof self[k] === T_UNDEF || mustSync) {
        // track the property to keep in sync
        // so we can keep it updated
        if (!mustSync) propsInSyncWithParent.push(k)
        self[k] = self.parent[k]
      }
    })
  }

  defineProperty(this, 'update', function(data) {

    // make sure the data passed will not override
    // the component core methods
    data = cleanUpData(data)
    // inherit properties from the parent
    inheritFromParent()
    // normalize the tag properties in case an item object was initially passed
    if (data && typeof item === T_OBJECT) {
      normalizeData(data)
      item = data
    }
    extend(self, data)
    updateOpts()
    self.trigger('update', data)
    update(expressions, self)
    // the updated event will be triggered
    // once the DOM will be ready and all the reflow are completed
    // this is useful if you want to get the "real" root properties
    // 4 ex: root.offsetWidth ...
    rAF(function() { self.trigger('updated') })
    return this
  })

  defineProperty(this, 'mixin', function() {
    each(arguments, function(mix) {
      var instance

      mix = typeof mix === T_STRING ? riot.mixin(mix) : mix

      // check if the mixin is a function
      if (isFunction(mix)) {
        // create the new mixin instance
        instance = new mix()
        // save the prototype to loop it afterwards
        mix = mix.prototype
      } else instance = mix

      // loop the keys in the function prototype or the all object keys
      each(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(mix), function(key) {
        // bind methods to self
        if (key != 'init')
          self[key] = isFunction(instance[key]) ?
                        instance[key].bind(self) :
                        instance[key]
      })

      // init method will be called automatically
      if (instance.init) instance.init.bind(self)()
    })
    return this
  })

  defineProperty(this, 'mount', function() {

    updateOpts()

    // initialiation
    if (fn) fn.call(self, opts)

    // parse layout after init. fn may calculate args for nested custom tags
    parseExpressions(dom, self, expressions)

    // mount the child tags
    toggle(true)

    // update the root adding custom attributes coming from the compiler
    // it fixes also #1087
    if (impl.attrs || hasImpl) {
      walkAttributes(impl.attrs, function (k, v) { setAttr(root, k, v) })
      parseExpressions(self.root, self, expressions)
    }

    if (!self.parent || isLoop) self.update(item)

    // internal use only, fixes #403
    self.trigger('before-mount')

    if (isLoop && !hasImpl) {
      // update the root attribute for the looped elements
      self.root = root = dom.firstChild

    } else {
      while (dom.firstChild) root.appendChild(dom.firstChild)
      if (root.stub) self.root = root = parent.root
    }

    // parse the named dom nodes in the looped child
    // adding them to the parent as well
    if (isLoop)
      parseNamedElements(self.root, self.parent, null, true)

    // if it's not a child tag we can trigger its mount event
    if (!self.parent || self.parent.isMounted) {
      self.isMounted = true
      self.trigger('mount')
    }
    // otherwise we need to wait that the parent event gets triggered
    else self.parent.one('mount', function() {
      // avoid to trigger the `mount` event for the tags
      // not visible included in an if statement
      if (!isInStub(self.root)) {
        self.parent.isMounted = self.isMounted = true
        self.trigger('mount')
      }
    })
  })


  defineProperty(this, 'unmount', function(keepRootTag) {
    var el = root,
      p = el.parentNode,
      ptag

    self.trigger('before-unmount')

    // remove this tag instance from the global virtualDom variable
    __virtualDom.splice(__virtualDom.indexOf(self), 1)

    if (this._virts) {
      each(this._virts, function(v) {
        v.parentNode.removeChild(v)
      })
    }

    if (p) {

      if (parent) {
        ptag = getImmediateCustomParentTag(parent)
        // remove this tag from the parent tags object
        // if there are multiple nested tags with same name..
        // remove this element form the array
        if (isArray(ptag.tags[tagName]))
          each(ptag.tags[tagName], function(tag, i) {
            if (tag._riot_id == self._riot_id)
              ptag.tags[tagName].splice(i, 1)
          })
        else
          // otherwise just delete the tag instance
          ptag.tags[tagName] = undefined
      }

      else
        while (el.firstChild) el.removeChild(el.firstChild)

      if (!keepRootTag)
        p.removeChild(el)
      else
        // the riot-tag attribute isn't needed anymore, remove it
        remAttr(p, 'riot-tag')
    }


    self.trigger('unmount')
    toggle()
    self.off('*')
    self.isMounted = false
    // somehow ie8 does not like `delete root._tag`
    root._tag = null

  })

  function toggle(isMount) {

    // mount/unmount children
    each(childTags, function(child) { child[isMount ? 'mount' : 'unmount']() })

    // listen/unlisten parent (events flow one way from parent to children)
    if (parent) {
      var evt = isMount ? 'on' : 'off'

      // the loop tags will be always in sync with the parent automatically
      if (isLoop)
        parent[evt]('unmount', self.unmount)
      else
        parent[evt]('update', self.update)[evt]('unmount', self.unmount)
    }
  }

  // named elements available for fn
  parseNamedElements(dom, this, childTags)

}
/**
 * Attach an event to a DOM node
 * @param { String } name - event name
 * @param { Function } handler - event callback
 * @param { Object } dom - dom node
 * @param { Tag } tag - tag instance
 */
function setEventHandler(name, handler, dom, tag) {

  dom[name] = function(e) {

    var ptag = tag._parent,
      item = tag._item,
      el

    if (!item)
      while (ptag && !item) {
        item = ptag._item
        ptag = ptag._parent
      }

    // cross browser event fix
    e = e || window.event

    // override the event properties
    if (isWritable(e, 'currentTarget')) e.currentTarget = dom
    if (isWritable(e, 'target')) e.target = e.srcElement
    if (isWritable(e, 'which')) e.which = e.charCode || e.keyCode

    e.item = item

    // prevent default behaviour (by default)
    if (handler.call(tag, e) !== true && !/radio|check/.test(dom.type)) {
      if (e.preventDefault) e.preventDefault()
      e.returnValue = false
    }

    if (!e.preventUpdate) {
      el = item ? getImmediateCustomParentTag(ptag) : tag
      el.update()
    }

  }

}


/**
 * Insert a DOM node replacing another one (used by if- attribute)
 * @param   { Object } root - parent node
 * @param   { Object } node - node replaced
 * @param   { Object } before - node added
 */
function insertTo(root, node, before) {
  if (root) {
    root.insertBefore(before, node)
    root.removeChild(node)
  }
}

/**
 * Update the expressions in a Tag instance
 * @param   { Array } expressions - expression that must be re evaluated
 * @param   { Tag } tag - tag instance
 */
function update(expressions, tag) {

  each(expressions, function(expr, i) {

    var dom = expr.dom,
      attrName = expr.attr,
      value = tmpl(expr.expr, tag),
      parent = expr.dom.parentNode

    if (expr.bool)
      value = value ? attrName : false
    else if (value == null)
      value = ''

    // leave out riot- prefixes from strings inside textarea
    // fix #815: any value -> string
    if (parent && parent.tagName == 'TEXTAREA') {
      value = ('' + value).replace(/riot-/g, '')
      // change textarea's value
      parent.value = value
    }

    // no change
    if (expr.value === value) return
    expr.value = value

    // text node
    if (!attrName) {
      dom.nodeValue = '' + value    // #815 related
      return
    }

    // remove original attribute
    remAttr(dom, attrName)
    // event handler
    if (isFunction(value)) {
      setEventHandler(attrName, value, dom, tag)

    // if- conditional
    } else if (attrName == 'if') {
      var stub = expr.stub,
        add = function() { insertTo(stub.parentNode, stub, dom) },
        remove = function() { insertTo(dom.parentNode, dom, stub) }

      // add to DOM
      if (value) {
        if (stub) {
          add()
          dom.inStub = false
          // avoid to trigger the mount event if the tags is not visible yet
          // maybe we can optimize this avoiding to mount the tag at all
          if (!isInStub(dom)) {
            walk(dom, function(el) {
              if (el._tag && !el._tag.isMounted) el._tag.isMounted = !!el._tag.trigger('mount')
            })
          }
        }
      // remove from DOM
      } else {
        stub = expr.stub = stub || document.createTextNode('')
        // if the parentNode is defined we can easily replace the tag
        if (dom.parentNode)
          remove()
        // otherwise we need to wait the updated event
        else (tag.parent || tag).one('updated', remove)

        dom.inStub = true
      }
    // show / hide
    } else if (/^(show|hide)$/.test(attrName)) {
      if (attrName == 'hide') value = !value
      dom.style.display = value ? '' : 'none'

    // field value
    } else if (attrName == 'value') {
      dom.value = value

    // <img src="{ expr }">
    } else if (startsWith(attrName, RIOT_PREFIX) && attrName != RIOT_TAG) {
      if (value)
        setAttr(dom, attrName.slice(RIOT_PREFIX.length), value)

    } else {
      if (expr.bool) {
        dom[attrName] = value
        if (!value) return
      }

      if (value && value != 0 && typeof value !== T_OBJECT)
        setAttr(dom, attrName, value)

    }

  })

}
/**
 * Loops an array
 * @param   { Array } els - collection of items
 * @param   {Function} fn - callback function
 * @returns { Array } the array looped
 */
function each(els, fn) {
  for (var i = 0, len = (els || []).length, el; i < len; i++) {
    el = els[i]
    // return false -> remove current item during loop
    if (el != null && fn(el, i) === false) i--
  }
  return els
}

/**
 * Detect if the argument passed is a function
 * @param   { * } v - whatever you want to pass to this function
 * @returns { Boolean } -
 */
function isFunction(v) {
  return typeof v === T_FUNCTION || false   // avoid IE problems
}

/**
 * Remove any DOM attribute from a node
 * @param   { Object } dom - DOM node we want to update
 * @param   { String } name - name of the property we want to remove
 */
function remAttr(dom, name) {
  dom.removeAttribute(name)
}

/**
 * Convert a string containing dashes to camel case
 * @param   { String } string - input string
 * @returns { String } my-string -> myString
 */
function toCamel(string) {
  return string.replace(/-(\w)/g, function(_, c) {
    return c.toUpperCase()
  })
}

/**
 * Get the value of any DOM attribute on a node
 * @param   { Object } dom - DOM node we want to parse
 * @param   { String } name - name of the attribute we want to get
 * @returns { String | undefined } name of the node attribute whether it exists
 */
function getAttr(dom, name) {
  return dom.getAttribute(name)
}

/**
 * Set any DOM attribute
 * @param { Object } dom - DOM node we want to update
 * @param { String } name - name of the property we want to set
 * @param { String } val - value of the property we want to set
 */
function setAttr(dom, name, val) {
  dom.setAttribute(name, val)
}

/**
 * Detect the tag implementation by a DOM node
 * @param   { Object } dom - DOM node we need to parse to get its tag implementation
 * @returns { Object } it returns an object containing the implementation of a custom tag (template and boot function)
 */
function getTag(dom) {
  return dom.tagName && __tagImpl[getAttr(dom, RIOT_TAG) || dom.tagName.toLowerCase()]
}
/**
 * Add a child tag to its parent into the `tags` object
 * @param   { Object } tag - child tag instance
 * @param   { String } tagName - key where the new tag will be stored
 * @param   { Object } parent - tag instance where the new child tag will be included
 */
function addChildTag(tag, tagName, parent) {
  var cachedTag = parent.tags[tagName]

  // if there are multiple children tags having the same name
  if (cachedTag) {
    // if the parent tags property is not yet an array
    // create it adding the first cached tag
    if (!isArray(cachedTag))
      // don't add the same tag twice
      if (cachedTag !== tag)
        parent.tags[tagName] = [cachedTag]
    // add the new nested tag to the array
    if (!contains(parent.tags[tagName], tag))
      parent.tags[tagName].push(tag)
  } else {
    parent.tags[tagName] = tag
  }
}

/**
 * Move the position of a custom tag in its parent tag
 * @param   { Object } tag - child tag instance
 * @param   { String } tagName - key where the tag was stored
 * @param   { Number } newPos - index where the new tag will be stored
 */
function moveChildTag(tag, tagName, newPos) {
  var parent = tag.parent,
    tags
  // no parent no move
  if (!parent) return

  tags = parent.tags[tagName]

  if (isArray(tags))
    tags.splice(newPos, 0, tags.splice(tags.indexOf(tag), 1)[0])
  else addChildTag(tag, tagName, parent)
}

/**
 * Create a new child tag including it correctly into its parent
 * @param   { Object } child - child tag implementation
 * @param   { Object } opts - tag options containing the DOM node where the tag will be mounted
 * @param   { String } innerHTML - inner html of the child node
 * @param   { Object } parent - instance of the parent tag including the child custom tag
 * @returns { Object } instance of the new child tag just created
 */
function initChildTag(child, opts, innerHTML, parent) {
  var tag = new Tag(child, opts, innerHTML),
    tagName = getTagName(opts.root),
    ptag = getImmediateCustomParentTag(parent)
  // fix for the parent attribute in the looped elements
  tag.parent = ptag
  // store the real parent tag
  // in some cases this could be different from the custom parent tag
  // for example in nested loops
  tag._parent = parent

  // add this tag to the custom parent tag
  addChildTag(tag, tagName, ptag)
  // and also to the real parent tag
  if (ptag !== parent)
    addChildTag(tag, tagName, parent)
  // empty the child node once we got its template
  // to avoid that its children get compiled multiple times
  opts.root.innerHTML = ''

  return tag
}

/**
 * Loop backward all the parents tree to detect the first custom parent tag
 * @param   { Object } tag - a Tag instance
 * @returns { Object } the instance of the first custom parent tag found
 */
function getImmediateCustomParentTag(tag) {
  var ptag = tag
  while (!getTag(ptag.root)) {
    if (!ptag.parent) break
    ptag = ptag.parent
  }
  return ptag
}

/**
 * Helper function to set an immutable property
 * @param   { Object } el - object where the new property will be set
 * @param   { String } key - object key where the new property will be stored
 * @param   { * } value - value of the new property
* @param   { Object } options - set the propery overriding the default options
 * @returns { Object } - the initial object
 */
function defineProperty(el, key, value, options) {
  Object.defineProperty(el, key, extend({
    value: value,
    enumerable: false,
    writable: false,
    configurable: false
  }, options))
  return el
}

/**
 * Get the tag name of any DOM node
 * @param   { Object } dom - DOM node we want to parse
 * @returns { String } name to identify this dom node in riot
 */
function getTagName(dom) {
  var child = getTag(dom),
    namedTag = getAttr(dom, 'name'),
    tagName = namedTag && !tmpl.hasExpr(namedTag) ?
                namedTag :
              child ? child.name : dom.tagName.toLowerCase()

  return tagName
}

/**
 * Extend any object with other properties
 * @param   { Object } src - source object
 * @returns { Object } the resulting extended object
 *
 * var obj = { foo: 'baz' }
 * extend(obj, {bar: 'bar', foo: 'bar'})
 * console.log(obj) => {bar: 'bar', foo: 'bar'}
 *
 */
function extend(src) {
  var obj, args = arguments
  for (var i = 1; i < args.length; ++i) {
    if (obj = args[i]) {
      for (var key in obj) {
        // check if this property of the source object could be overridden
        if (isWritable(src, key))
          src[key] = obj[key]
      }
    }
  }
  return src
}

/**
 * Check whether an array contains an item
 * @param   { Array } arr - target array
 * @param   { * } item - item to test
 * @returns { Boolean } Does 'arr' contain 'item'?
 */
function contains(arr, item) {
  return ~arr.indexOf(item)
}

/**
 * Check whether an object is a kind of array
 * @param   { * } a - anything
 * @returns {Boolean} is 'a' an array?
 */
function isArray(a) { return Array.isArray(a) || a instanceof Array }

/**
 * Detect whether a property of an object could be overridden
 * @param   { Object }  obj - source object
 * @param   { String }  key - object property
 * @returns { Boolean } is this property writable?
 */
function isWritable(obj, key) {
  var props = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key)
  return typeof obj[key] === T_UNDEF || props && props.writable
}


/**
 * With this function we avoid that the internal Tag methods get overridden
 * @param   { Object } data - options we want to use to extend the tag instance
 * @returns { Object } clean object without containing the riot internal reserved words
 */
function cleanUpData(data) {
  if (!(data instanceof Tag) && !(data && typeof data.trigger == T_FUNCTION)) return data

  var o = {}
  for (var key in data) {
    if (!contains(RESERVED_WORDS_BLACKLIST, key))
      o[key] = data[key]
  }
  return o
}

/**
 * Walk down recursively all the children tags starting dom node
 * @param   { Object }   dom - starting node where we will start the recursion
 * @param   { Function } fn - callback to transform the child node just found
 */
function walk(dom, fn) {
  if (dom) {
    // stop the recursion
    if (fn(dom) === false) return
    else {
      dom = dom.firstChild

      while (dom) {
        walk(dom, fn)
        dom = dom.nextSibling
      }
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Minimize risk: only zero or one _space_ between attr & value
 * @param   { String }   html - html string we want to parse
 * @param   { Function } fn - callback function to apply on any attribute found
 */
function walkAttributes(html, fn) {
  var m,
    re = /([-\w]+) ?= ?(?:"([^"]*)|'([^']*)|({[^}]*}))/g

  while (m = re.exec(html)) {
    fn(m[1].toLowerCase(), m[2] || m[3] || m[4])
  }
}

/**
 * Check whether a DOM node is in stub mode, useful for the riot 'if' directive
 * @param   { Object }  dom - DOM node we want to parse
 * @returns { Boolean } -
 */
function isInStub(dom) {
  while (dom) {
    if (dom.inStub) return true
    dom = dom.parentNode
  }
  return false
}

/**
 * Create a generic DOM node
 * @param   { String } name - name of the DOM node we want to create
 * @returns { Object } DOM node just created
 */
function mkEl(name) {
  return document.createElement(name)
}

/**
 * Create a generic DOM node, and fill it with innerHTML
 * @param   { String } name - name of the DOM node we want to create
 * @param   { String } innerHTML - innerHTML of the new DOM
 * @returns { Object } DOM node just created
 */
function mkElWithInnerHTML(name, innerHTML) {
  var el = mkEl(name)
  el.innerHTML = innerHTML || ''
  return el
}

/**
 * Replace the yield tag from any tag template with the innerHTML of the
 * original tag in the page
 * @param   { String } tmpl - tag implementation template
 * @param   { String } innerHTML - original content of the tag in the DOM
 * @returns { String } tag template updated without the yield tag
 */
function replaceYield(tmpl, innerHTML) {
  var tmplElement = mkElWithInnerHTML('div', tmpl)
  // if ($('yield[from]'.tmplElement)) { // this issues test errors
  if (tmplElement.querySelector && tmplElement.querySelector('yield[from]')) { // code coverage path not taken (?)
    // yield to(s) must be direct children from innerHTML(root), all other tags are ignored
    each(mkElWithInnerHTML('div', innerHTML).childNodes, function(toYield) {
      if (toYield.nodeType == 1 && toYield.tagName == 'YIELD' && toYield.getAttribute('to')) {
        // replace all yield[from]
        each($$('yield[from="'+toYield.getAttribute('to')+'"]', tmplElement), function(fromYield) {
          fromYield.outerHTML = toYield.innerHTML
        })
      }
    })
    return tmplElement.innerHTML
  } else
    // just replace yield in tmpl with the innerHTML
    return tmpl.replace(/<yield\s*(?:\/>|>\s*<\/yield\s*>)/gi, innerHTML || '')
}

/**
 * Shorter and fast way to select multiple nodes in the DOM
 * @param   { String } selector - DOM selector
 * @param   { Object } ctx - DOM node where the targets of our search will is located
 * @returns { Object } dom nodes found
 */
function $$(selector, ctx) {
  return (ctx || document).querySelectorAll(selector)
}

/**
 * Shorter and fast way to select a single node in the DOM
 * @param   { String } selector - unique dom selector
 * @param   { Object } ctx - DOM node where the target of our search will is located
 * @returns { Object } dom node found
 */
function $(selector, ctx) {
  return (ctx || document).querySelector(selector)
}

/**
 * Simple object prototypal inheritance
 * @param   { Object } parent - parent object
 * @returns { Object } child instance
 */
function inherit(parent) {
  function Child() {}
  Child.prototype = parent
  return new Child()
}

/**
 * Get the name property needed to identify a DOM node in riot
 * @param   { Object } dom - DOM node we need to parse
 * @returns { String | undefined } give us back a string to identify this dom node
 */
function getNamedKey(dom) {
  return getAttr(dom, 'id') || getAttr(dom, 'name')
}

/**
 * Set the named properties of a tag element
 * @param { Object } dom - DOM node we need to parse
 * @param { Object } parent - tag instance where the named dom element will be eventually added
 * @param { Array } keys - list of all the tag instance properties
 */
function setNamed(dom, parent, keys) {
  // get the key value we want to add to the tag instance
  var key = getNamedKey(dom),
    // add the node detected to a tag instance using the named property
    add = function(value) {
      // avoid to override the tag properties already set
      if (contains(keys, key)) return
      // check whether this value is an array
      var isArr = isArray(value)
      // if the key was never set
      if (!value)
        // set it once on the tag instance
        parent[key] = dom
      // if it was an array and not yet set
      else if (!isArr || isArr && !contains(value, dom)) {
        // add the dom node into the array
        if (isArr)
          value.push(dom)
        else
          parent[key] = [value, dom]
      }
    }

  // skip the elements with no named properties
  if (!key) return

  // check whether this key has been already evaluated
  if (tmpl.hasExpr(key))
    // wait the first updated event only once
    parent.one('updated', function() {
      key = getNamedKey(dom)
      add(parent[key])
    })
  else
    add(parent[key])

}

/**
 * Faster String startsWith alternative
 * @param   { String } src - source string
 * @param   { String } str - test string
 * @returns { Boolean } -
 */
function startsWith(src, str) {
  return src.slice(0, str.length) === str
}

/**
 * Function needed to inject in runtime the custom tags css
 */
var injectStyle = (function() {

  if (!window) return // skip injection on the server

  // create the style node
  var styleNode = mkEl('style'),
    placeholder = $('style[type=riot]')

  setAttr(styleNode, 'type', 'text/css')

  // inject the new node into the DOM -- in head
  if (placeholder) {
    placeholder.parentNode.replaceChild(styleNode, placeholder)
    placeholder = null
  }
  else document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(styleNode)

  /**
   * This is the function exported that will be used to update the style tag just created
   * innerHTML seems slow: http://jsperf.com/riot-insert-style
   * @param   { String } css [description]
   */
  return styleNode.styleSheet ?
    function (css) { styleNode.styleSheet.cssText += css } :
    function (css) { styleNode.innerHTML += css }

})()

/**
 * requestAnimationFrame polyfill
 */
var rAF = (function(w) {
  return  w.requestAnimationFrame       ||
          w.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
          w.mozRequestAnimationFrame    ||
          function(cb) { setTimeout(cb, 1000 / 60) }
})(window || {})

/**
 * Mount a tag creating new Tag instance
 * @param   { Object } root - dom node where the tag will be mounted
 * @param   { String } tagName - name of the riot tag we want to mount
 * @param   { Object } opts - options to pass to the Tag instance
 * @returns { Tag } a new Tag instance
 */
function mountTo(root, tagName, opts) {
  var tag = __tagImpl[tagName],
    // cache the inner HTML to fix #855
    innerHTML = root._innerHTML = root._innerHTML || root.innerHTML

  // clear the inner html
  root.innerHTML = ''

  if (tag && root) tag = new Tag(tag, { root: root, opts: opts }, innerHTML)

  if (tag && tag.mount) {
    tag.mount()
    // add this tag to the virtualDom variable
    if (!contains(__virtualDom, tag)) __virtualDom.push(tag)
  }

  return tag
}
/**
 * Riot public api
 */

// share methods for other riot parts, e.g. compiler
riot.util = { brackets: brackets, tmpl: tmpl }

/**
 * Create a mixin that could be globally shared across all the tags
 */
riot.mixin = (function() {
  var mixins = {}

  /**
   * Create/Return a mixin by its name
   * @param   { String } name - mixin name
   * @param   { Object } mixin - mixin logic
   * @returns { Object } the mixin logic
   */
  return function(name, mixin) {
    if (!mixin) return mixins[name]
    mixins[name] = mixin
  }

})()

/**
 * Create a new riot tag implementation
 * @param   { String }   name - name/id of the new riot tag
 * @param   { String }   html - tag template
 * @param   { String }   css - custom tag css
 * @param   { String }   attrs - root tag attributes
 * @param   { Function } fn - user function
 * @returns { String } name/id of the tag just created
 */
riot.tag = function(name, html, css, attrs, fn) {
  if (isFunction(attrs)) {
    fn = attrs
    if (/^[\w\-]+\s?=/.test(css)) {
      attrs = css
      css = ''
    } else attrs = ''
  }
  if (css) {
    if (isFunction(css)) fn = css
    else if (injectStyle) injectStyle(css)
  }
  __tagImpl[name] = { name: name, tmpl: html, attrs: attrs, fn: fn }
  return name
}

/**
 * Create a new riot tag implementation (for use by the compiler)
 * @param   { String }   name - name/id of the new riot tag
 * @param   { String }   html - tag template
 * @param   { String }   css - custom tag css
 * @param   { String }   attrs - root tag attributes
 * @param   { Function } fn - user function
 * @param   { string }  [bpair] - brackets used in the compilation
 * @returns { String } name/id of the tag just created
 */
riot.tag2 = function(name, html, css, attrs, fn, bpair) {
  if (css && injectStyle) injectStyle(css)
  //if (bpair) riot.settings.brackets = bpair
  __tagImpl[name] = { name: name, tmpl: html, attrs: attrs, fn: fn }
  return name
}

/**
 * Mount a tag using a specific tag implementation
 * @param   { String } selector - tag DOM selector
 * @param   { String } tagName - tag implementation name
 * @param   { Object } opts - tag logic
 * @returns { Array } new tags instances
 */
riot.mount = function(selector, tagName, opts) {

  var els,
    allTags,
    tags = []

  // helper functions

  function addRiotTags(arr) {
    var list = ''
    each(arr, function (e) {
      list += ', *[' + RIOT_TAG + '="' + e.trim() + '"]'
    })
    return list
  }

  function selectAllTags() {
    var keys = Object.keys(__tagImpl)
    return keys + addRiotTags(keys)
  }

  function pushTags(root) {
    var last

    if (root.tagName) {
      if (tagName && (!(last = getAttr(root, RIOT_TAG)) || last != tagName))
        setAttr(root, RIOT_TAG, tagName)

      var tag = mountTo(root, tagName || root.getAttribute(RIOT_TAG) || root.tagName.toLowerCase(), opts)

      if (tag) tags.push(tag)
    } else if (root.length)
      each(root, pushTags)   // assume nodeList

  }

  // ----- mount code -----

  if (typeof tagName === T_OBJECT) {
    opts = tagName
    tagName = 0
  }

  // crawl the DOM to find the tag
  if (typeof selector === T_STRING) {
    if (selector === '*')
      // select all the tags registered
      // and also the tags found with the riot-tag attribute set
      selector = allTags = selectAllTags()
    else
      // or just the ones named like the selector
      selector += addRiotTags(selector.split(','))

    // make sure to pass always a selector
    // to the querySelectorAll function
    els = selector ? $$(selector) : []
  }
  else
    // probably you have passed already a tag or a NodeList
    els = selector

  // select all the registered and mount them inside their root elements
  if (tagName === '*') {
    // get all custom tags
    tagName = allTags || selectAllTags()
    // if the root els it's just a single tag
    if (els.tagName)
      els = $$(tagName, els)
    else {
      // select all the children for all the different root elements
      var nodeList = []
      each(els, function (_el) {
        nodeList.push($$(tagName, _el))
      })
      els = nodeList
    }
    // get rid of the tagName
    tagName = 0
  }

  if (els.tagName)
    pushTags(els)
  else
    each(els, pushTags)

  return tags
}

/**
 * Update all the tags instances created
 * @returns { Array } all the tags instances
 */
riot.update = function() {
  return each(__virtualDom, function(tag) {
    tag.update()
  })
}

/**
 * Export the Tag constructor
 */
riot.Tag = Tag
  // support CommonJS, AMD & browser
  /* istanbul ignore next */
  if (typeof exports === T_OBJECT)
    module.exports = riot
  else if (typeof define === T_FUNCTION && typeof define.amd !== T_UNDEF)
    define(function() { return (window.riot = riot) })
  else
    window.riot = riot

})(typeof window != 'undefined' ? window : void 0);