Build using CMake

Migrate CI off of soon-to-be-removed runner image `macos-12` #50

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Run time

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Job	Run time
CMake (ubuntu-24.04, gcc-14)	1m 5s
CMake (ubuntu-24.04, clang-18)	18s
CMake (macos-13, gcc-12)	48s
CMake (macos-14, clang-15)	24s
	2m 35s