Rollup merge of #125226 - madsmtm:fix-mac-catalyst-tests, r=workingjubilee

Make more of the test suite run on Mac Catalyst

Combined with rust-lang/rust#125225, the only failing parts of the test suite are in `tests/rustdoc-js`, `tests/rustdoc-js-std` and `tests/debuginfo`. Tested with:
```console
./x test --target=aarch64-apple-ios-macabi library/std
./x test --target=aarch64-apple-ios-macabi --skip=tests/rustdoc-js --skip=tests/rustdoc-js-std --skip=tests/debuginfo tests
```

Will probably put up a PR later to enable _running_ on (not just compiling for) Mac Catalyst in CI, though not sure where exactly I should do so? `src/ci/github-actions/jobs.yml`?

Note that I've deliberately _not_ enabled stack overflow handlers on iOS/tvOS/watchOS/visionOS (see rust-lang/rust#25872), but rather just skipped those tests, as it uses quite a few APIs that I'd be weary about getting rejected by the App Store (note that Swift doesn't do it on those platforms either).

r? ``@workingjubilee``

CC ``@thomcc``

``@rustbot`` label O-ios O-apple

Author: jieyouxu