document guarantee about evaluation of associated consts and const blocks

Author: RalfJung

src/expressions/block-expr.md

@@ -123,13 +123,13 @@ loop {
 > _ConstBlockExpression_ :\
 >    `const` _BlockExpression_
 
-A *const block* is a variant of a block expression which evaluates at compile-time instead of at runtime.
+A *const block* is a variant of a block expression whose body evaluates at compile-time instead of at runtime.
 
 Const blocks allows you to define a constant value without having to define new [constant items], and thus they are also sometimes referred as *inline consts*.
 It also supports type inference so there is no need to specify the type, unlike [constant items].
 
 Const blocks have the ability to reference generic parameters in scope, unlike [free][free item] constant items.
-They are desugared to associated constant items with generic parameters in scope.
+They are desugared to constant items with generic parameters in scope (similar to associated constants, but without a trait or type they are associated with).
 For example, this code:
 
 ```rust
@@ -152,8 +152,25 @@ fn foo<T>() -> usize {
 }
 ```
 
-This also means that const blocks are treated similarly to associated constants.
-For example, they are not guaranteed to be evaluated when the enclosing function is unused.
+If the const block expression is executed at runtime, then the constant is guaranteed to be evaluated, even if its return value is ignored:
+
+```rust
+fn foo<T>() -> usize {
+    // If this code ever gets executed, then the assertion has definitely
+    // been evaluated at compile-time.
+    const { assert!(std::mem::size_of::<T>() > 0); }
+    // Here we can have unsafe code relying on the type being non-zero-sized.
+    /* ... */
+}
+```
+
+If the const block expression is not executed at runtime, it may or may not be evaluated:
+```rust,compile_fail
+if false {
+    // The panic may or may not occur when the program is built.
+    const { panic!(); }
+}
+```
 
 ## `unsafe` blocks
 

src/expressions/path-expr.md

@@ -23,10 +23,13 @@ let push_integer = Vec::<i32>::push;
 let slice_reverse = <[i32]>::reverse;
 ```
 
+Evaluation of associated constants is handled the same way as [`const` blocks].
+
 [_PathInExpression_]: ../paths.md#paths-in-expressions
 [_QualifiedPathInExpression_]: ../paths.md#qualified-paths
 [place expressions]: ../expressions.md#place-expressions-and-value-expressions
 [value expressions]: ../expressions.md#place-expressions-and-value-expressions
 [path]: ../paths.md
 [`static mut`]: ../items/static-items.md#mutable-statics
 [`unsafe` block]: block-expr.md#unsafe-blocks
+[`const` blocks]: block-expr.md#const-blocks