std: Fix a bug on the wasm32-wasi target opening files

This commit fixes an issue pointed out in #82758 where LTO changed the
behavior of a program. It turns out that LTO was not at fault here, it
simply uncovered an existing bug. The bindings to
`__wasilibc_find_relpath` assumed that the relative portion of the path
returned was always contained within thee input `buf` we passed in. This
isn't actually the case, however, and sometimes the relative portion of
the path may reference a sub-portion of the input string itself.

The fix here is to use the relative path pointer coming out of
`__wasilibc_find_relpath` as the source of truth. The `buf` used for
local storage is discarded in this function and the relative path is
copied out unconditionally. We might be able to get away with some
`Cow`-like business or such to avoid the extra allocation, but for now
this is probably the easiest patch to fix the original issue.

Author: alexcrichton

library/std/src/sys/wasi/fs.rs

@@ -654,13 +654,11 @@ fn open_parent(p: &Path) -> io::Result<(ManuallyDrop<WasiFd>, PathBuf)> {
                 );
                 return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, msg));
             }
-            let len = CStr::from_ptr(buf.as_ptr().cast()).to_bytes().len();
-            buf.set_len(len);
-            buf.shrink_to_fit();
+            let relative = CStr::from_ptr(relative_path).to_bytes().to_vec();
 
             return Ok((
                 ManuallyDrop::new(WasiFd::from_raw(fd as u32)),
-                PathBuf::from(OsString::from_vec(buf)),
+                PathBuf::from(OsString::from_vec(relative)),
             ));
         }
     }