diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Definitions.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Definitions.scala
index f3e395b505f3..dee922f28b21 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Definitions.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Definitions.scala
@@ -1053,6 +1053,7 @@ class Definitions {
   @tu lazy val DeprecatedAnnot: ClassSymbol = requiredClass("scala.deprecated")
   @tu lazy val DeprecatedOverridingAnnot: ClassSymbol = requiredClass("scala.deprecatedOverriding")
   @tu lazy val DeprecatedInheritanceAnnot: ClassSymbol = requiredClass("scala.deprecatedInheritance")
+  @tu lazy val ElidableAnnot: ClassSymbol = requiredClass("scala.annotation.elidable")
   @tu lazy val ImplicitAmbiguousAnnot: ClassSymbol = requiredClass("scala.annotation.implicitAmbiguous")
   @tu lazy val ImplicitNotFoundAnnot: ClassSymbol = requiredClass("scala.annotation.implicitNotFound")
   @tu lazy val InferredDepFunAnnot: ClassSymbol = requiredClass("scala.caps.internal.inferredDepFun")
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/SymDenotations.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/SymDenotations.scala
index f8b8964ac26e..42c7c0055339 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/SymDenotations.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/SymDenotations.scala
@@ -1048,6 +1048,17 @@ object SymDenotations {
       is(Inline, butNot = Deferred)
       && allOverriddenSymbols.exists(!_.is(Inline))
 
+    /** Does this method or field need to be retained at runtime, according to @elidable?
+     *  True by default, to mean yes it can be elided aka erased.
+     */
+    def isElidable(using Context): Boolean =
+      symbol.getAnnotation(defn.ElidableAnnot) match
+      case Some(elide) =>
+        elide.argumentConstant(0) match
+        case Some(Constant(0)) => false
+        case _ => true
+      case _ => true
+
     /** Does this method need to be retained at runtime */
     def isRetainedInlineMethod(using Context): Boolean =
       is(Method, butNot = Accessor) && isRetainedInline
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/Erasure.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/Erasure.scala
index 99cb74ecac7f..903d11fbfb05 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/Erasure.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/Erasure.scala
@@ -888,7 +888,9 @@ object Erasure {
      *  parameter of type `[]Object`.
      */
     override def typedDefDef(ddef: untpd.DefDef, sym: Symbol)(using Context): Tree =
-      if sym.isEffectivelyErased || sym.name.is(BodyRetainerName) then
+      if sym.isEffectivelyErased && sym.isElidable
+      || sym.name.is(BodyRetainerName)
+      then
         erasedDef(sym)
       else
         val restpe = if sym.isConstructor then defn.UnitType else sym.info.resultType
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/PruneErasedDefs.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/PruneErasedDefs.scala
index a72c0f9bed7c..7630209cbc56 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/PruneErasedDefs.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/PruneErasedDefs.scala
@@ -25,11 +25,15 @@ class PruneErasedDefs extends MiniPhase with SymTransformer:
   override def runsAfterGroupsOf: Set[String] = Set(RefChecks.name, ExplicitOuter.name)
 
   override def transformSym(sym: SymDenotation)(using Context): SymDenotation =
-    if !sym.is(Private) && sym.isEffectivelyErased && sym.isTerm && sym.owner.isClass
+    if !sym.is(Private)
+    && sym.isEffectivelyErased
+    && sym.isTerm
+    && sym.owner.isClass
+    && sym.isElidable
     then sym.copySymDenotation(initFlags = sym.flags | Private)
     else sym
 
 object PruneErasedDefs:
   val name: String =  "pruneErasedDefs"
   val description: String = "drop erased definitions and simplify erased expressions"
-end PruneErasedDefs
\ No newline at end of file
+end PruneErasedDefs
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Implicits.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Implicits.scala
index 342cc8508d54..dcca3ea887ce 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Implicits.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Implicits.scala
@@ -1072,15 +1072,15 @@ trait Implicits:
     ltp.isError
     || rtp.isError
     || locally:
-      if strictEquality then
-        strictEqualityPatternMatching &&
-          (leftTree.symbol.isAllOf(Flags.EnumValue) || leftTree.symbol.isAllOf(Flags.Module | Flags.Case)) &&
-          ltp <:< lift(rtp)
+      if strictEquality
+      then strictEqualityPatternMatching
+        && (leftTree.symbol.isAllOf(Flags.EnumValue) || leftTree.symbol.isAllOf(Flags.Module | Flags.Case))
+        && ltp <:< lift(rtp)
       else
         ltp <:< lift(rtp) || rtp <:< lift(ltp)
   }
 
-  /** Check that equality tests between types `ltp` and `left.tpe` make sense.
+  /** Check that equality tests between types `left.tpe` and `rtp` make sense.
    * `left` is required to check for the condition for language.strictEqualityPatternMatching.
    */
   def checkCanEqual(left: Tree, rtp: Type, span: Span)(using Context): Unit =
diff --git a/library/src/scala/Predef.scala b/library/src/scala/Predef.scala
index 2424265ba05a..4dfbe7cf3027 100644
--- a/library/src/scala/Predef.scala
+++ b/library/src/scala/Predef.scala
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import scala.language.`2.13`
 import language.experimental.captureChecking
 import scala.language.implicitConversions
 import scala.collection.{mutable, immutable, ArrayOps, StringOps}, immutable.WrappedString
-import scala.annotation.{experimental, implicitNotFound, publicInBinary, targetName, nowarn }
+import scala.annotation.{elidable, experimental, implicitNotFound, publicInBinary, targetName, nowarn}
 import scala.annotation.meta.{ companionClass, companionMethod }
 import scala.annotation.internal.{ RuntimeChecked }
 import scala.compiletime.summonFrom
@@ -272,7 +272,8 @@ object Predef extends LowPriorityImplicits {
    *           }}}
    *  @group utilities
    */
-  @inline def locally[T](@deprecatedName("x") x: T): T = x
+  @elidable(0)
+  inline def locally[T](@deprecatedName("x") x: T): T = x
 
   // ==============================================================================================
   // ========================================= ASSERTIONS =========================================
diff --git a/library/src/scala/annotation/elidable.scala b/library/src/scala/annotation/elidable.scala
index cf79e03cfdf9..3a68d9793a9f 100644
--- a/library/src/scala/annotation/elidable.scala
+++ b/library/src/scala/annotation/elidable.scala
@@ -17,73 +17,10 @@ import scala.language.`2.13`
 /** An annotation for methods whose bodies may be excluded
  *  from compiler-generated bytecode.
  *
- *  Behavior is influenced by passing `-Xelide-below <arg>` to `scalac`.
- *  Calls to methods marked elidable (as well as the method body) will
- *  be omitted from generated code if the priority given the annotation
- *  is lower than that given on the command line.
+ *  Annotate an `inline` method with `level` constant `0` (zero)
+ *  to retain the method in byte code.
  *
  *  {{{
- *     @elidable(123)           // annotation priority
- *     scalac -Xelide-below 456 // command line priority
- *  }}}
- *
- *  The method call will be replaced with an expression which depends on
- *  the type of the elided expression.  In decreasing order of precedence:
- *
- *  {{{
- *    Unit            ()
- *    Boolean         false
- *    T <: AnyVal     0
- *    T >: Null       null
- *    T >: Nothing    Predef.???
- *  }}}
- *
- *  Complete example:
- *  {{{
- *    import scala.annotation._, elidable._
- *    object Test extends App {
- *      def expensiveComputation(): Int = { Thread.sleep(1000) ; 172 }
- *
- *      @elidable(WARNING) def warning(msg: String) = println(msg)
- *      @elidable(FINE) def debug(msg: String)      = println(msg)
- *      @elidable(FINE) def computedValue           = expensiveComputation()
- *
- *      warning("Warning! Danger! Warning!")
- *      debug("Debug! Danger! Debug!")
- *      println("I computed a value: " + computedValue)
- *    }
- *    % scalac example.scala && scala Test
- *    Warning! Danger! Warning!
- *    Debug! Danger! Debug!
- *    I computed a value: 172
- *
- *    // INFO lies between WARNING and FINE
- *    % scalac -Xelide-below INFO example.scala && scala Test
- *    Warning! Danger! Warning!
- *    I computed a value: 0
- *  }}}
- *
- * Note that only concrete methods can be marked `@elidable`. A non-annotated method
- * is not elided, even if it overrides / implements a method that has the annotation.
- *
- * Also note that the static type determines which annotations are considered:
- *
- * {{{
- *   import scala.annotation._, elidable._
- *   class C { @elidable(0) def f(): Unit = ??? }
- *   object O extends C { override def f(): Unit = println("O.f") }
- *   object Test extends App {
- *     O.f()      // not elided
- *     (O: C).f() // elided if compiled with `-Xelide-below 1`
- *   }
- * }}}
- *
- * Note for Scala 3 users:
- * If you're using Scala 3, the annotation exists since Scala 3 uses the Scala 2
- * standard library, but it's unsupported by the Scala 3 compiler. Instead, to
- * achieve the same result you'd want to utilize the `inline if` feature to
- * introduce behavior that makes a method de facto elided at compile-time.
- * {{{
  *    type LogLevel = Int
  *    
  *    object LogLevel:
@@ -93,37 +30,22 @@ import scala.language.`2.13`
  *    
  *    inline val appLogLevel = LogLevel.Warn
  *    
+ *    @elidable(0) // `log` method is retained in byte code
  *    inline def log(msg: String, inline level: LogLevel): Unit = 
  *      inline if (level <= appLogLevel) then println(msg)
  *    
  *    log("Warn log", LogLevel.Warn)
  *    
  *    log("Debug log", LogLevel. Debug)
- * }}}
+ *  }}}
+ *
+ *  Migration note: this annotation had different semantics in Scala 2.
  */
-@deprecated(message = "@elidable is not supported by Scala 3", since = "3.8.0")
 final class elidable(final val level: Int) extends scala.annotation.ConstantAnnotation
 
-/** This useless appearing code was necessary to allow people to use
- *  named constants for the elidable annotation.  This is what it takes
- *  to convince the compiler to fold the constants: otherwise when it's
- *  time to check an elision level it's staring at a tree like
- *  {{{
- *  (Select(Level, Select(FINEST, Apply(intValue, Nil))))
- *  }}}
- *  instead of the number `300`.
+/** Legacy constants, unused in Scala 3.
  */
 object elidable {
-  /** The levels `ALL` and `OFF` are confusing in this context because
-   *  the sentiment being expressed when using the annotation is at cross
-   *  purposes with the one being expressed via `-Xelide-below`.  This
-   *  confusion reaches its zenith at level `OFF`, where the annotation means
-   *  ''never elide this method'' but `-Xelide-below OFF` is how you would
-   *  say ''elide everything possible''.
-   *
-   *  With no simple remedy at hand, the issue is now at least documented,
-   *  and aliases `MAXIMUM` and `MINIMUM` are offered.
-   */
   final val ALL     = Int.MinValue  // Level.ALL.intValue()
   final val FINEST  = 300           // Level.FINEST.intValue()
   final val FINER   = 400           // Level.FINER.intValue()
@@ -134,14 +56,11 @@ object elidable {
   final val SEVERE  = 1000          // Level.SEVERE.intValue()
   final val OFF     = Int.MaxValue  // Level.OFF.intValue()
 
-  // a couple aliases for the confusing ALL and OFF
   final val MAXIMUM = OFF
   final val MINIMUM = ALL
 
-  // and we can add a few of our own
   final val ASSERTION = 2000    // we should make this more granular
 
-  // for command line parsing so we can use names or ints
   val byName: Map[String, Int] = Map(
     "FINEST" -> FINEST,
     "FINER" -> FINER,
diff --git a/tests/neg-macros/annot-crash.check b/tests/neg-macros/annot-crash.check
index ae0f64f12847..280e189f896c 100644
--- a/tests/neg-macros/annot-crash.check
+++ b/tests/neg-macros/annot-crash.check
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
   |^^^^^^
   |Failed to evaluate macro annotation '@crash'.
   |  Caused by class scala.NotImplementedError: an implementation is missing
-  |    scala.Predef$.$qmark$qmark$qmark(Predef.scala:387)
+  |    crash.$qmark$qmark$qmark(Macro_1.scala:9)
   |    crash.transform(Macro_1.scala:7)
diff --git a/tests/neg-macros/annot-crash/Macro_1.scala b/tests/neg-macros/annot-crash/Macro_1.scala
index 06fb08062181..c3268d94b420 100644
--- a/tests/neg-macros/annot-crash/Macro_1.scala
+++ b/tests/neg-macros/annot-crash/Macro_1.scala
@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ import scala.quoted._
 class crash extends MacroAnnotation {
   def transform(using Quotes)(definition: quotes.reflect.Definition, companion: Option[quotes.reflect.Definition]): List[quotes.reflect.Definition] =
     ???
+
+  def ??? : Nothing = throw new NotImplementedError
 }
diff --git a/tests/run/getclass-21.check b/tests/run/getclass-21.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f5f412ab2edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/run/getclass-21.check
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Value types:
+void
+boolean
+byte
+short
+char
+int
+long
+float
+double
+
+Class types:
+class SomeClass
+class ValueClass
+class scala.collection.immutable.$colon$colon
+class scala.Tuple2
+
+Arrays:
+class [Lscala.runtime.BoxedUnit;
+class [I
+class [D
+class [Lscala.collection.immutable.List;
+
+Functions:
+class Test$$$Lambda/
+class Test$$$Lambda/
diff --git a/tests/run/getclass-21.scala b/tests/run/getclass-21.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..802e064a6279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/run/getclass-21.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// scalajs: --skip
+// test: -jvm 21+
+
+class ValueClass(val i: Integer) extends AnyVal
+class SomeClass
+
+object Test {
+  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
+    val cls: Predef.Class[_] = new SomeClass().getClass
+    val valCls: Predef.Class[_] = new ValueClass(1).getClass
+    val iCls: Class[Int] = 1.getClass
+    val f1: Function2[Int, Int, Unit] = (a: Int, b: Int) => println(a + b)
+    val f2: Function1[Int, Boolean] = (a: Int) => a % 2 == 0
+    val one = 1
+
+    println("Value types:")
+    println(().getClass)
+    println(true.getClass)
+    println(1.asInstanceOf[Byte].getClass)
+    println(1.asInstanceOf[Short].getClass)
+    println('a'.getClass)
+    println(one.getClass)
+    println(1L.getClass)
+    println(1f.getClass)
+    println(1d.getClass)
+
+    println("\nClass types:")
+    println(new SomeClass().getClass)
+    println(new ValueClass(1).getClass)
+    println(List(Array(1f)).getClass)
+    println(("a", Map(1 -> "b")).getClass)
+
+    println("\nArrays:")
+    println(Array(()).getClass)
+    println(Array(1).getClass)
+    println(Array(1d).getClass)
+    println(Array(List("1")).getClass)
+
+    println("\nFunctions:")
+    // FunctionN.getClass.toString has form of "class Test$$$Lambda$N/1349414238",
+    // but "N/1349414238" depends on environment
+    println(f1.getClass.toString.take("class Test$$$Lambda$".length))
+    println(f2.getClass.toString.take("class Test$$$Lambda$".length))
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/run/getclass.scala b/tests/run/getclass.scala
index d8a339f8ea5a..3b170f7c409f 100644
--- a/tests/run/getclass.scala
+++ b/tests/run/getclass.scala
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // scalajs: --skip
+// test: -jvm 17
 
 class ValueClass(val i: Integer) extends AnyVal
 class SomeClass
diff --git a/tests/run/i24553-21.check b/tests/run/i24553-21.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9380e2cc4701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/run/i24553-21.check
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+public boolean java.lang.Object.equals(java.lang.Object)
+public final native java.lang.Class<?> java.lang.Object.getClass()
+public native int java.lang.Object.hashCode()
+public int Foo.hello()
+public final native void java.lang.Object.notify()
+public final native void java.lang.Object.notifyAll()
+public java.lang.String java.lang.Object.toString()
+public final void java.lang.Object.wait(long) throws java.lang.InterruptedException
+public final void java.lang.Object.wait(long,int) throws java.lang.InterruptedException
+public final void java.lang.Object.wait() throws java.lang.InterruptedException
+public int Foo.x()
diff --git a/tests/run/i24553-21.scala b/tests/run/i24553-21.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..95ed4dd3359b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/run/i24553-21.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// scalajs: --skip
+// test: -jvm 21+
+class Foo:
+    val hello = 1337
+    val x: hello.type = ???
+
+@main def Test =
+    val mtds = classOf[Foo].getMethods().sortBy(_.getName())
+    for mtd <- mtds do println(mtd.toGenericString())
diff --git a/tests/run/i24553.scala b/tests/run/i24553.scala
index 910c287c5c7f..39ca02a46560 100644
--- a/tests/run/i24553.scala
+++ b/tests/run/i24553.scala
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // scalajs: --skip
+// test: -jvm 17
 class Foo:
     val hello = 1337
     val x: hello.type = ???