Lesson 11: NFT AttributeError: Final argument must be a dict of transaction parameters that includes a from field specifying the address to deploy from

[sevamove]

I came across the following error when running cmd brownie run scripts/deploy_and_create.py --network rinkeby on 10:18:23 time line of the tutorial:

mbp:nft-demo mac$ brownie run scripts/deploy_and_create.py --network rinkeby
Brownie v1.16.4 - Python development framework for Ethereum

NftDemoProject is the active project.

Running 'scripts/deploy_and_create.py::main'...
  File "brownie/_cli/run.py", line 49, in main
    return_value, frame = run(
  File "brownie/project/scripts.py", line 103, in run
    return_value = f_locals[method_name](*args, **kwargs)
  File "./scripts/deploy_and_create.py", line 12, in main
    simple_collectible = SimpleCollectible.deploy({"from": account})
  File "brownie/network/contract.py", line 595, in __call__
    raise AttributeError(
AttributeError: Final argument must be a dict of transaction parameters that includes a `from` field specifying the address to deploy from
mbp:nft-demo mac$ 

Found 0 additional information about the error on the internet.

---

Here is brownie-config.yaml:

dependencies:
    # taken from https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/3.x/erc721#constructing_an_erc721_token_contract
  - OpenZeppelin/[email protected]
compiler:
  solc:
    remappings:
      - '@openzeppelin=OpenZeppelin/[email protected]'
dotenv: .env
wallets:
  from_key: ${PRIVATE_KEY}

Here is contracts/SimpleCollectible.sol:

// SPDX-Licence-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.6.6; // also works fine with the ^0.8.0 version.

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";

contract SimpleCollectible is ERC721 {
    uint256 public tokenCounter;
    
    constructor () public ERC721 ("Dogie", "DOG") {
        tokenCounter = 0;
    }


    function createCollectible(string memory tokenURI) public returns (uint256) {
        uint256 newTokenId = tokenCounter;
        _safeMint(msg.sender, newTokenId);
        _setTokenURI(newTokenId, tokenURI);
        tokenCounter = tokenCounter + 1;
        return newTokenId;
    }
}

Here is scripts/deploy_and_create.py script:

from scripts.helpful_scripts import get_account
from brownie import SimpleCollectible

# If you can not see through this link you need to add an extension to your browser like IPFS Companion.
# tokenURI
sample_token_uri = "https://ipfs.io/ipfs/Qmd9MCGtdVz2miNumBHDbvj8bigSgTwnr4SbyH6DNnpWdt?filename=0-PUG.json"
# In order to view image of NFT.
OPENSEA_URL = "https://testnets.opensea.io/assets/{}/{}"

def main():
    account = get_account()
    simple_collectible = SimpleCollectible.deploy({"from": account})
    tx = simple_collectible.createCollectible(sample_token_uri, {"from": account})
    tx.wait(1)
    print(
        f"Awesome, you can view your NFT at {OPENSEA_URL.format(simple_collectible.address, simple_collectible.tokenCounter() - 1)}"
    )
    print("Please wait up to 20 minutes, and hit the refresh metadata button.")

scripts/helpful_scripts.py:

from brownie import accounts, network, config

LOCAL_BLOCKCHAIN_ENVIRONMENTS = [
    "development",
    "ganache",
    "hardhat",
    "local-ganache",
    "mainnet-fork",
]

def get_account(index=None, id=None):
    if index:
        return accounts[index]
    if network.show_active() in LOCAL_BLOCKCHAIN_ENVIRONMENTS:
        return accounts[0]
    if id:
        return accounts.load(id)
    if network.show_active() in config["networks"]:
        return accounts.add(config["wallets"]["from_key"])
    return None

And an example of .env:

export PRIVATE_KEY=0xaxaxa
export WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID=a7ceaxaxax
export ETHERSCAN_TOKEN=xxxaxax

Glad to hear any suggestions 😁

[cromewar]

Hello @moonwake769 this is extremely weird because your syntax appears to be ok as you can see here so I think something is wrong with your brownie.. Please try this:

1. create a new virtualenv for python and install eth-brownie on it.
2. activate the virutalenv
3. delete the build folder and compile again.
4. try to run the code again.

[sevamove]

Of course, just updated my first message in this discussion 👍
For convenience, here is the copy of it:

from brownie import accounts, network, config

LOCAL_BLOCKCHAIN_ENVIRONMENTS = [
    "development",
    "ganache",
    "hardhat",
    "local-ganache",
    "mainnet-fork",
]

def get_account(index=None, id=None):
    if index:
        return accounts[index]
    if network.show_active() in LOCAL_BLOCKCHAIN_ENVIRONMENTS:
        return accounts[0]
    if id:
        return accounts.load(id)
    if network.show_active() in config["networks"]:
        return accounts.add(config["wallets"]["from_key"])
    return None

[sevamove]

In addition to it, I just tried to run brownie run scripts/deploy_and_create.py by deploying the contract on ganache network. Deployed successfully. So the problem might not be with the brownie.

[cromewar]

Ok now I know what the problem exactly is, look you are trying to develop to Rinkeby, which is not in LOCAL_BLOCKCHAIN_ENVIRONMENTS, you are not providing neither and id or an index, so the return is:

if network.show_active() in config["networks"]:
        return accounts.add(config["wallets"]["from_key"])

But the if statement says if the network is on your brownie-config, and as you can see you don't have rinkeby on your brownie-config:

so the get_account function is always returning None and that's why you have this error.

You must add rinkeby to the networks, something like this:

rinkeby:
    verify: True

Or you can change the return of get_account as well.

give it a try.

[sevamove]

Nice catch 😸 You are right about helpful_scripts.py. I watched the video not carefully and missed the last return statement by simply copy-past the function from aave-brownie lesson. So I changed the get_account() function:

from:

def get_account(index=None, id=None):
    if index:
        return accounts[index]
    if network.show_active() in LOCAL_BLOCKCHAIN_ENVIRONMENTS:
        return accounts[0]
    if id:
        return accounts.load(id)
    if network.show_active() in config["networks"]:
        return accounts.add(config["wallets"]["from_key"])
    return None

to:

def get_account(index=None, id=None):
    if index:
        return accounts[index]
    if network.show_active() in LOCAL_BLOCKCHAIN_ENVIRONMENTS:
        return accounts[0]
    if id:
        return accounts.load(id)
    return accounts.add(config["wallets"]["from_key"])

Thanks a lot @cromewar

Lesson from this discussion: always watch carefully every second from any tutorial.

[cromewar]

I'm glad it helped ;)