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philosophy.md

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Overview

Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental questions about:


Branches of Philosophy

Glossary

  • Action: that which is done by an agent
  • Agency (philosophy): the capacity to act in a given environment
  • Agency (sociology): the capacity to act independently and make free choices
  • Assertion: a statement or enunciation in the metalanguage
  • Association: a mental connection between concepts, events, or mental states that usually stems from specific experiences
  • Authority: legitimate power a person or group has over another
  • Awareness: the ability to directly know and perceive, to feel, or to be cognizant of events
  • Choice: judging the merits of multiple options and selecting from them
  • Communication: the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another
  • Decision-making: the process of selecting a belief or course of action from several possibilities
  • Environment: a system in which one exists and interacts
  • Evidence: anything presented in support of an assertion
  • Existence (i.e. being): the ability to interact with reality
  • Experience: the first person effects or influence of an event, or subject gained through exposure to it
  • Fact: something known to be consistent with reality, that can be proven true with evidence
  • Free will: the ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded
  • Idea: mental representational images of some object, or abstract concepts
  • Independence: a person or people who exercise self-governance
  • Individual: that which exists as a distinct entity
  • Information: the resolution of uncertainty
  • Knowledge: a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something
  • Metalanguage: a language used to describe another language
  • Mind: the set of cognitive faculties including:
    • Conciousness: sentience or awareness of internal or external existence
    • Imagination: the ability to produce and simulate novel objects, people, and ideas in the mind without sensory input
    • Judgement: the evaluation of evidence to make a decision
    • Language: a structured system of communication
    • Memory: the faculty by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed
    • Perception: the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information to understand the environment
    • Thought: an aim-oriented flow of ideas and associations that can lead to a reality-oriented conclusion
  • Object: something understood in contrast to a subject
  • Opinion: a judgement, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive
  • People: a plurality of persons considered as a whole
  • Person: a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and is part of society
  • Power: the capacity to influence others' behavior
  • Reality: the sum of all that is real, as opposed to imaginary
  • Reason: the capacity of consciously making sense of things, applying logic, and adapting
  • Sense: a physiological capacity of organisms to perceive
  • Social interaction or relation: any relationship between two or more individuals
  • Social structure: patterned social arrangements
  • Society: a group of individuals who interact
  • Subject: a being who has a unique consciousness or unique experience
  • Value: the degree of importance of some thing or action
  • Violence: using physical force to abuse, damage, destroy, or injure
  • Uncertainty: having imperfect or unknown information